Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title page
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Dedication
• Epigraph
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Preface
• Table of Cases
• Table of Treaties and Instruments
  • United Nations General Assembly Resolutions
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions
  • National Law
    • Australia
    • Canada
    • India
    • Iran
    • Malta
    • New Zealand
    • Russian Federation
    • United Kingdom
    • United Republic of Tanzania
    • United States
• List of Abbreviations
• Part I The Divided Oceans: International Law Governing Jurisdictional Zones
  • 1 The Law of the Sea in Perspective
    • 1 Introduction
      • 1.1 General Considerations
      • 1.2 Functions of the Law of the Sea
      • 1.3 Two Paradigms in the Law of the Sea
        • (a) Paradigm I: The Law of the Divided Oceans
        • (b) Paradigm II: The Law of Our Common Ocean
        • (c) Changing Paradigms in the Law of the Sea
    • 2 Marine Spaces in the Law of the Sea
      • 2.1 Scope of the Oceans in the Law of the Sea
      • 2.2 Typology of Marine Spaces
    • 3 Sources of the International Law of the Sea
      • 3.1 Formal Sources
        • (a) Customary Law
        • (b) Treaties
        • (c) General Principles of Law
      • 3.2 Material Sources
        • (a) Judicial Decisions and the Writings of Publicists
        • (b) Non-Binding Instruments
        • (c) Unilateral Acts
        • (d) Considerations of Humanity
    • 4 Principles of the International Law of the Sea
      • 4.1 Principle of Freedom
      • 4.2 Principle of Sovereignty
      • 4.3 Principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind
    • 5 The Codifi cation of the Law of the Sea
      • 5.1 The Hague Conference for the Codifi cation of International Law (1930)
      • 5.2 The First UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1958)
      • 5.3 The Second UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1960)
      • 5.4 The Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1973–1982)
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Features of UNCLOS III
        • (c) Procedures of UNCLOS III
        • (d) Adoption of the LOSC
    • 6 Outline of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
      • 6.1 General Considerations
      • 6.2 Principal Features of the Convention
    • 7 Development after UNCLOS III
      • 7.1 General Considerations
      • 7.2 Adoption of Two Implementation Agreements
      • 7.3 De facto Amendment of the LOSC through Meetings of States Parties
      • 7.4 Development of the Law of the Sea through International Organisations
    • 8 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 General
      • 2 Commentary on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
      • 3 Anthologies/Collections of Articles
      • 4 Codification of the Law of the Sea
      • 5 Collections of Documents
      • 6 Development of the Law of the Sea
      • 7 Journals on the Law of the Sea
      • 8 Websites
  • 2 Maritime Limits: Baselines and Maritime Features
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Baselines
      • 2.1 Normal Baselines
      • 2.2 Straight Baselines
        • (a) Definition of Straight Baselines
        • (b) The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case (1951)
        • (c) Article 7(1) of the LOSC
        • (d) Article 7(3) and (5) of the LOSC
        • (e) Other Conditions
        • (f) Evaluation
      • 2.3 Bays
        • (a) Juridical Bays
        • (b) Historic Bays
        • (c) Bays Bordered by More Than One State
      • 2.4 River Mouths
      • 2.5 Ports
    • 3 Islands
      • 3.1 Nature of the Problem
      • 3.2 Definition of an Island
      • 3.3 Rocks for the Purposes of Article 121(3)
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Interpretation of Article 121(3) of the LOSC
        • (c) Commentary
      • 3.4 Customary Law Nature of Article 121
      • 3.5 Reefs
    • 4 Low-Tide Elevations
      • 4.1 Identification of Low-Tide Elevations
      • 4.2 Case Law Concerning Low-Tide Elevations
    • 5 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 General
      • 2 Baselines
      • 3 Bays
      • 4 Islands
      • 5 Low-Tide Elevations
      • 6 Websites
  • 3 Marine Spaces Under National Jurisdiction I: Territorial Sovereignty
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Internal Waters
      • 2.1 Spatial Scope of Internal Waters
      • 2.2 Legal Status of Internal Waters
      • 2.3 Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Vessels in Internal Waters
      • 2.4 Access to Ports
      • 2.5 Ships in Distress at Sea
        • (a) Concept of Ships in Distress
        • (b) The Rights of Ships in Distress
      • 2.6 Port in a Pandemic
    • 3 Territorial Sea
      • 3.1 Legal Status of the Territorial Sea
      • 3.2 The Right of Innocent Passage
      • 3.3 The Right of Innocent Passage of Warships
        • (a) Customary Law
        • (b) Treaty law
        • (c) State Practice
        • (d) The Right to Render Assistance to Persons in Distress
      • 3.4 The Right of Innocent Passage of Foreign Nuclear-Powered Ships and Ships Carrying Inherently Dan
      • 3.5 The Rights and Obligations of the Coastal State Concerning Innocent Passage
        • (a) The Rights of the Coastal State
        • (b) The Obligations of the Coastal State
    • 4 International Straits
      • 4.1 Legal Framework for International Straits Prior to 1982
      • 4.2 Typology of International Straits under the LOSC
      • 4.3 International Straits under Part III of the LOSC
      • 4.4 International Straits outside the Scope of Part III of the LOSC
      • 4.5 The Right of Transit Passage
      • 4.6 Rights and Obligations of Coastal States Bordering Straits
      • 4.7 Non-suspendable Innocent Passage
      • 4.8 Legality of Creation of Bridges in International Straits
    • 5 Archipelagic Waters
      • 5.1 General Considerations
      • 5.2 Definition of an Archipelago, Archipelagic States and Archipelagic Waters
      • 5.3 Archipelagic Baselines
      • 5.4 Jurisdiction of Archipelagic States over Archipelagic Waters
      • 5.5 The Right of Innocent Passage through Archipelagic Waters
      • 5.6 The Right of Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage
      • 5.7 Rights and Obligations of an Archipelagic State
    • 6 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 Internal Waters
      • 2 Territorial Sea
      • 3 International Straits
      • 4 Archipelagic Waters
      • 5. Pandemic in a Port
      • 6 Website
  • 4 Marine Spaces under National Jurisdiction II: Sovereign Rights
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Contiguous Zone
      • 2.1 The Concept of the Contiguous Zone
      • 2.2 Coastal State Jurisdiction over the Contiguous Zone
    • 3 Exclusive Economic Zone
      • 3.1 Genesis of the Concept of the EEZ
      • 3.2 Legal Status of the EEZ
      • 3.3 Sovereign Rights over the EEZ
      • 3.4 Jurisdiction of Coastal States over the EEZ
        • (a) Jurisdiction over Artificial Islands
        • (b) Jurisdiction Concerning Marine Scientific Research
        • (c) Jurisdiction Concerning the Protection of the Marine Environment
        • (d) Due Regard Obligations
        • (e) Legality of Bunkering in the EEZ of Third States
      • 3.5 Freedoms of Third States
      • 3.6 Residual Rights
      • 3.7 Historic Rights and the EEZ
    • 4 Continental Shelf
      • 4.1 Genesis of the Concept of the Continental Shelf
      • 4.2 Spatial Scope of the Continental Shelf
      • 4.3 Criteria for Determining the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond Nautical Miles
      • 4.4 The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
      • 4.5 Procedures to Establish the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf
      • 4.6 Payments Concerning the Exploitation of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical Miles
      • 4.7 The Sovereign Rights of the Coastal State over the Continental Shelf
      • 4.8 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
        • (a) Rights and Obligations of Laying Submarine Cables and Pipelines
        • (b) Protection of Submarine Cables
      • 4.9 The Judicial Nature of the Superjacent Waters above the Continental Shelf
      • 4.10 Protection of Archaeological and Historical Objects Found within the Continental Shelf
        • (a) Limitations with the LOSC
        • (b) The 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage
        • (c) The Relationship between the LOSC and the UNESCO Convention
    • 5 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 Contiguous Zone
      • 2 Exclusive Economic Zone
      • 3 Continental Shelf
      • 4 Website
  • 5 Marine Spaces beyond National Jurisdiction
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 The High Seas
      • 2.1 Spatial Scope of the High Seas
      • 2.2 Principle of the Freedom of the High Seas
      • 2.3 Principle of the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) The Obligations of the Flag State
        • (c) Collision of Vessels on the High Seas
        • (d) Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
      • 2.4 The Nationality of a Ship
      • 2.5 Genuine Link
        • (a) Problems Associated with Flags of Convenience
        • (b) Legal Consequences of the Absence of a Genuine Link
      • 2.6 Exceptions to the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State (1): The Right of Visit
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Piracy
        • (c) Slave Trade
        • (d) Unauthorised Broadcasting
        • (e) Ship without Nationality
        • (f) Ships with Suspicious Nationality
      • 2.7 Exceptions to the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State (2): The Right of Hot Pursuit
        • (a) Conditions for Exercising the Right of Hot Pursuit
        • (b) Multilateral Hot Pursuit
        • (c) The Doctrine of Constructive Presence
        • (d) The Use of Force
      • 2.8 Exceptional Measures for Interception of Foreign Vessels on the High Seas
        • (a) The Regulation of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs or Psychotropic Substances
        • (b) Self-defence on the High Seas
      • 2.9 Regulation of Migrant Smuggling by Sea
        • (a) The 2000 Migrant Smuggling Protocol
        • (b) Lawfulness of Pushback Operations against Migrants
    • 3 The Area
      • 3.1 General Considerations
      • 3.2 Spatial Scope of the Area
      • 3.3 Raison d’être of the Principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind
      • 3.4 Elements of the Principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind
      • 3.5 International Seabed Authority
        • (a) Scope of Activities in the Area
        • (b) Structure of the International Seabed Authority
        • (c) Jurisdiction of the International Seabed Authority
      • 3.6 System for the Exploration and Exploitation of Resources of the Area
      • 3.7 Obligations and Liability of Sponsoring States
      • 3.8 The 1994 Implementation Agreement
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Cost-effectiveness
        • (c) The Market-orientated Approaches
        • (d) Decision-making
        • (e) Review Conference
        • (f) Evaluation
    • 4 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 The High Seas
      • 2 The Area
      • 3 Migrant Smuggling by Sea
      • 4 Websites
      • (f) Evaluation
  • 6 Maritime Delimitation
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Concepts of Maritime Delimitation
      • 2.1 Definition
      • 2.2 Typology of Maritime Delimitation
    • 3 Treaty Law Concerning Maritime Delimitation
      • 3.1 The 1958 Geneva Conventions
      • 3.2 The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
    • 4 Development of Case Law Relating to Maritime Delimitation: Two Contrasting Approaches
      • 4.1 The First Phase (1969–1992)
      • 4.2 The Second Phase (1993–2007)
      • 4.3 The Third Phase (2009–Present)
      • 4.4 Commentary
    • 5 Consideration of Relevant Circumstances (1): Geographical Factors
      • 5.1 Configuration of Coasts
      • 5.2 Proportionality
      • 5.3 Baselines
      • 5.4 Presence of Islands
      • 5.5 Geological and Geomorphological Factors
      • 5.6 Presence of Third States
    • 6 Consideration of Relevant Circumstances (2): Non-geographical Factors
      • 6.1 Economic Factors
      • 6.2 Conduct of the Parties
      • 6.3 Historic Title and Historic Rights
      • 6.4 Security Interests
      • 6.5 Navigational Factors
      • 6.6 Environmental Factors
    • 7 An Evaluation
      • 7.1 General Trend of Case Law
      • 7.2 Judicial Creativity in the Law of Maritime Delimitation
      • 7.3 Delimitation of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical Miles
        • (a) Entitlements
        • (b) The Relationship between the CLCS and an International Court or Tribunal
        • (c) Methodology
    • 8 Provisional Arrangements
      • 8.1 Articles 74(3) and 83(3) of the LOSC
      • 8.2 Unilateral Exploration and Exploitation of Natural Resources in Disputed Areas
    • 9 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 Monographs
      • 2 Collection of Documents
• Part II Our Common Ocean: Protection of Community Interests at Sea
  • 7 Conservation of Marine Living Resources
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Conservation of Marine Living Resources Prior to 1982
    • 3 Conservation of Marine Living Resources Under the LOSC (1): The Zonal Management Approach
      • 3.1 General Considerations
      • 3.2 Conservation of Marine Living Resources in the EEZ
      • 3.3 Conservation of Marine Living Resources in the High Seas
      • 3.4 Limits of the Zonal Management Approach
    • 4 Conservation of Marine Living Resources under the LOSC (2): The Species-Specific Approach
      • 4.1 Shared and Straddling Fish Stocks
      • 4.2 Highly Migratory Species
      • 4.3 Marine Mammals
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Whaling
        • (c) The Legality of Scientific Whaling
      • 4.4 Anadromous Stocks
      • 4.5 Catadromous Species
      • 4.6 Limits of the Species-Specific Approach
    • 5 Development after the LOSC
      • 5.1 The Concept of Sustainable Development
      • 5.2 The Ecosystem Approach
      • 5.3 The Precautionary Approach
        • (a) Development of the Precautionary Approach
        • (b) Limitations of the Precautionary Approach
        • (c) Normative Strength of the Precautionary Approach
    • 6 Institutionalisation of the Conservation of Marine Living Resources
      • 6.1 Decentralised Approach: Flag State Responsibility and Its Limits
        • (a) IUU Fishing and Obligations of the Flag State
        • (b) Limits of the Flag State Responsibility
      • 6.2 Institutional Approach: Regional Fisheries Management Organisations
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Assessment of Fish Stocks
        • (c) Conservation and Management
        • (d) Allocation of TAC
        • (e) Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS)
    • 7 Ensuring Compliance through Regional Fisheries Management Organisations
      • 7.1 At-Sea Inspection
        • (a) At-Sea Inspection of the Contracting Party Vessels
        • (b) At-Sea Inspection of Non-Contracting Party Vessels
      • 7.2 Port Inspection
        • (a) Port Inspection of Contracting Party Vessels
        • (b) Port Inspection of Non-Contracting Party Vessels
    • 8 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 Monographs
      • 2 Websites
  • 8 Protection of the Marine Environment
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Typology of Marine Pollution
      • 2.1 General Considerations
      • 2.2 Land-based Marine Pollution
      • 2.3 Vessel-Source Marine Pollution
      • 2.4 Dumping at Sea
      • 2.5 Pollution from Seabed Activities
    • 3 Legal Framework for Marine Environmental Protection Prior to 1982
      • 3.1 Customary Law
      • 3.2 Treaty Law
    • 4 Protection of the Marine Environment in the LOSC
      • 4.1 Generality and Comprehensiveness
        • (a) Generality of the Legal Framework for Marine Environmental Protection
        • (b) Comprehensiveness of the Legal Framework for Marine Environmental Protection
      • 4.2 Uniformity of Rules
      • 4.3 Obligation to Cooperate in the Protection of the Marine Environment
    • 5 Regulation of Land-based Marine Pollution
      • 5.1 Limits of the Global Legal Framework
      • 5.2 Development of Regional Treaties
        • (a) Identification of Harmful Substances
        • (b) Precautionary Approach
        • (c) Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring
        • (d) Compliance Procedures
        • (e) Access to Information and Public Participation
        • (f) Evaluation
    • 6 Regulation of Vessel-Source Marine Pollution
      • 6.1 MARPOL
      • 6.2 A Triple Approach under the LOSC
        • (a) Regulation by Flag States
        • (b) Regulation by Coastal States
        • (c) Regulation by Port States
        • (d) Port State Control
      • 6.3 Intervention by Coastal States in the Case of Pollution Casualties
      • 6.4 Pollution Emergencies at Sea
      • 6.5 Liability for Oil Pollution Damage
        • (a) Liability and Compensation Regime
        • (b) Bunker Oil Convention
      • 6.6 Liability for Other Pollution Damage
        • (a) The 1996 HNS Convention
        • (b) Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
      • 6.7 Prevention of Invasive Alien Species
      • 6.8 Regulation of Ocean Noise
    • 7 Dumping at Sea
      • 7.1 Legal Framework under the LOSC
      • 7.2 The 1972 London Dumping Convention and the 1996 Protocol
      • 7.3 Regional Treaties
      • 7.4 Ocean Sequestration and Fertilisation
        • (a) Ocean Sequestration of CO[sup(2)]
        • (b) Ocean Fertilisation
    • 8 Regulation of Pollution from Seabed Activities
      • 8.1 Marine Pollution Arising from Seabed Activities under National Jurisdiction
      • 8.2 Marine Pollution Arising from Seabed Activities in the Area
    • 9 Environmental Protection of Ice-covered Areas
      • 9.1 Ice-covered Areas: Article 234
      • 9.2 Environmental Protection of the Marine Arctic
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Land-based Marine Pollution
        • (c) Vessel-Source Marine Pollution
        • (d) Marine Pollution from Seabed Activities under National Jurisdiction
        • (e) Transboundary Air Pollution
        • (f) Commentary
    • 10 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Oceans]
      • 10.1 The Reduction of GHG Emissions from Shipping
        • (a) Amendments to the MARPOL Annex VI in 2011
        • (b) Subsequent Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI
      • 10.2 Ocean Acidification
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Climate Change Regime
        • (c) Marine Environmental Protection Regime
        • (d) Biological Diversity Regime
        • (e) Evaluation
    • 11 Marine Plastic Pollution
      • 11.1 Nature of the Problem
      • 11.2 Sources of Marine Plastic Pollution
        • (a) Land-Based Marine Plastic Pollution
        • (b) Ocean-Based Marine Plastic Pollution
    • 12 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 General
      • 2 Land-Based Marine Pollution
      • 3 Vessel-Source Marine Pollution
      • 4 Dumping
      • 5 Pollution from Seabed Activities
      • 6 Liability and Compensation
      • 7 Arctic
      • 8 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Oceans
      • 9 Marine Plastic Pollution
      • 10 Websites
  • 9 Conservation of Marine Biological Diversity
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Principal Approaches to Conservation of Marine Biological Diversity
      • 2.1 General Considerations
      • 2.2 Three Approaches
    • 3 Global Legal Frameworks for the Conservation of Marine Biological Diversity
      • 3.1 The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
        • (a) Obligation to Protect and Preserve Rare or Fragile Ecosystems
        • (b) Protection of Marine Biological Diversity in Maritime Jurisdictional Zones
      • 3.2 The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity
        • (a) Outline of the Rio Convention
        • (b) Commentary
      • 3.3 Negotiations for a New Agreement
        • (a) Background
        • (b) Commentary
    • 4 Marine Protected Areas
      • 4.1 General Considerations
      • 4.2 Typology of MPAs in International Law
      • 4.3 MPAs in the High Seas
        • (a) MPAs on the High Seas in a Broad Sense
        • (b) MPAs on the High Seas in a Strict Sense
      • 4.4 Limits of MPAs
    • 5 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 Marine Biological Diversity
      • 2 Marine Protected Areas
      • 3 Website
  • 10 Marine Scientific Research
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 The Concept of Marine Scientific Research
    • 3 Regulation of Marine Scientific Research in the LOSC
      • 3.1 General Considerations
      • 3.2 Marine Scientific Research in Marine Spaces under National Jurisdiction
      • 3.3 Marine Scientific Research in Marine Spaces beyond National Jurisdiction
      • 3.4 Regulation of Scientific Research Installations
    • 4 Legality of Military and Hydrographic Surveys in the EEZ
    • 5 International Cooperation in Marine Scientific Research
    • 6 Transfer of Technology
      • 6.1 Transfer of Technology under the LOSC
      • 6.2 IOC Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology
    • 7 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 General
      • 2 Special Issues
      • 3 Websites
  • 11 Maintenance of International Peace and Security at Sea
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 The Suppression of Piracy
      • 2.1 Definition of Piracy
      • 2.2 Seizure of Pirates
        • (a) Universal Jurisdiction
        • (b) Issues of the Prosecution of Piracy Suspects
        • (c) International Cooperation in the Repression of Piracy
      • 2.3 The Role of the UN Security Council in Counter-piracy Operations
      • 2.4 The Use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel
    • 3 Regulation of Unlawful Offences and Weapons of Mass Destruction at Sea
      • 3.1 The 2005 SUA Convention
        • (a) The Geographical Scope
        • (b) The Definition of a Ship
        • (c) Offences
        • (d) Ship-boarding Procedure
        • (e) Jurisdiction
      • 3.2 Proliferation Security Initiative
      • 3.3 UN Interceptions at Sea
    • 4 Foreign Military Activities in the EEZ
    • 5 Regulation of Nuclear Weapons at Sea
    • 6 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 General
      • 2 Piracy
      • 3 The 2005 SUA Convention
      • 4 Website
  • 12 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Landlocked States and Access to the Sea
      • 2.1 Legal Regime Prior to the LOSC
      • 2.2 Legal Regime of the LOSC
    • 3 The Navigational Rights of Landlocked States
    • 4 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States and Uses of the Oceans
      • 4.1 Fishing Rights
      • 4.2 Exploitation of Non-living Resources in the Oceans
      • 4.3 Marine Scientific Research
    • 5 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
  • 13 Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Basic Structure of Dispute Settlement Procedures in the LOSC
      • 2.1 General Considerations
        • (a) Scope of the Dispute Settlement Procedures of the LOSC
        • (b) Cardinal Principles of Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
      • 2.2 The Interlink between Voluntary and Compulsory Procedures for Dispute Settlement
        • (a) Obligation to Exchange Views (Article 283)
        • (b) Non-existence of a Special Agreement Precluding the Compulsory Procedure of the LOSC (Article 28
        • (c) Non-existence of an Agreed Procedure That Entails a Binding Decision (Article 282)
      • 2.3 Voluntary Conciliation
    • 3 Compulsory Procedures for Dispute Settlement
      • 3.1 Multiplicity of Forums
      • 3.2 Limitations to the Compulsory Procedures
      • 3.3 Optional Exceptions to the Compulsory Procedures
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Interpretation of Article 298(1)
      • 3.4 The Role of the Compulsory Conciliation
    • 4 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1): Organisation
      • 4.1 Members of ITLOS
      • 4.2 The Seabed Disputes Chamber
      • 4.3 Special Chambers
    • 5 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (2): Procedure
      • 5.1 Jurisdiction of ITLOS
        • (a) Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae
        • (b) Jurisdiction Ratione Personae
      • 5.2 Applicable Law
      • 5.3 Proceedings before ITLOS
      • 5.4 Provisional Measures
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Requirements to Prescribe Provisional Measures
      • 5.5 Preliminary Objections
      • 5.6 Counter-claims
      • 5.7 Intervention
      • 5.8 Judgment
      • 5.9 Advisory Proceedings
        • (a) The Advisory Jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber
        • (b) The Advisory Jurisdiction of the ITLOS Full Court
      • 5.10 Prompt Release Procedure
        • (a) General Considerations
        • (b) Substantive Requirements
        • (c) Procedural Requirements
        • (d) Reasonable Bond
      • 5.11 ITLOS and Fragmentation of International Law
    • 6 Conclusions
    • Further Reading
      • 1 General
      • 2 ITLOS
      • 3 Provisional
      • 4 Prompt Release
      • 5 Advisory Opinion
      • 6 Websites
  • 14 Looking Ahead: Law of the Sea as a Legal Shield
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Protection of Community Interests at Sea
      • 2.1 Model I: The Decentralised–Relational Model
      • 2.2 Model II: The Institutional–Communitarian Model
      • 2.3 Model III: The Judicial Model
    • 3 Key Elements in the Evolution of the Law of the Sea
      • 3.1 Systemic Outlook
      • 3.2 Temporal Elements in the Law of the Sea
    • 4 Final Remarks
    • Further Reading
• Index

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