Efnisyfirlit

• List of contributors
• Foreword
• Preface
• About the companion website
• Chapter 1 Introduction to endodontology
  • Endodontology
  • The objective of endodontic treatment
  • Clinical problems and solutions
  • The diagnostic dilemma
  • The outcome dilemma
  • The tools of treatment
  • References
• Part 1 The Vital Pulp
  • Chapter 2 The dentin–pulp complex: structure, functions, threats, and response to external injury
    • Introduction
    • The odontoblast and the dentin–pulp complex
    • The dental pulp
    • Immune responses in the dentin–pulp complex
    • Responses of the healthy dentin–pulp complex to nondestructive stimuli
    • The dentin–pulp complex and responses to external injuries
    • Summary
    • References
  • Chapter 3 Dentinal and pulpal pain
    • Introduction
    • Classification of nerve fibers
    • Morphology of intradental sensory innervation
    • Function of intradental sensory nerves
    • Sensitivity of dentin: hydrodynamic mechanism in pulpal A-fiber activation
    • Responses of intradental nerves to tissue injury and inflammation
    • Local control of pulpal nociceptor activation
    • Dentin hypersensitivity
    • Pain symptoms and pulpal diagnosis
    • References
  • Chapter 4 Clinical pulp diagnosis and decision-making
    • Introduction
    • Evaluation of diagnostic information
    • Diagnostic accuracy
    • Diagnostic strategy
    • Clinical manifestations of pulpal and periapical inflammation
    • Collecting diagnostic information
    • Diagnostic methodology: assessment of pulp vitality
    • Diagnostic methodology: evaluation of reported pain
    • Diagnostic methodology: provocation/inhibition of pain
    • Diagnostic methodology: evaluation of tooth discolorations
    • Diagnostic classification
    • References
  • Chapter 5 Caries pathology and management in deep stages of lesion formation
    • Enamel lesions without clinical cavitation
    • Progressive stages of enamel–dentin lesions without surface cavitation and exposure of dentin to the oral environment
    • Cavitation of the dentin lesion
    • Concluding remarks on the natural history of dental caries
    • Strategies for the management of deep caries
    • Detailed treatment protocol for deep caries management
    • References
  • Chapter 6 Treatment of vital pulp conditions
    • Introduction
    • Indications and treatment concepts for preserving vital pulp functions
    • Protocols for treatments aiming to preserve the vitality of the exposed pulp
    • Factors of importance in preserving vital pulp functions
    • Capping materials and healing patterns
    • Tissue–biomaterial interaction and pulp healing
    • Pulp-preserving treatments – a controversial treatment?
    • Indications and treatment concepts for treating the irreversibly inflamed vital pulp (pulpectomy)
    • Postoperative considerations
    • Choosing between pulp-preserving vital pulp therapies and pulpectomy
    • Concluding remarks on the avoidance of pulpectomy by vital pulp therapies
    • Revitalization and/or regenerative endodontic procedures
    • References
• Part 2 The Infected Necrotic Pulp and Apical Periodontitis
  • Chapter 7 Apical periodontitis
    • Introduction
    • The nature of apical periodontitis
    • Interactions with the infecting microbiota
    • Treatment and healing of periapical lesions
    • Persistence of periapical lesions
    • Clinical manifestations and diagnostic terminology
    • References
  • Chapter 8 Microbiology of the inflamed and necrotic pulp
    • Introduction
    • Historical background
    • Clinical evidence
    • Infections in root-filled teeth with persistent apical periodontitis
    • Microbial pathogenesis of apical periodontitis
    • Association of signs and symptoms with specific bacteria
    • Biological evidence
    • Extraradicular biofilms
    • Ecological determinants for microbial growth in root canals
    • Microbial interactions in biofilms
    • Microbial resistance to antimicrobials
    • Antibiofilm strategies
    • Concluding remarks
    • References
  • Chapter 9 Clinical diagnosis of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis
    • Introduction
    • Clinical features of pulp necrosis and root canal infections
    • Radiographic features of apical periodontitis
    • A strategy for the formulation of a periapical diagnosis
    • Diagnostic challenges during treatment
    • Special cases of endodontic infections
    • An integrated approach to endodontic diagnosis
    • References
• Part 3 Endodontic Treatment Procedures
  • Chapter 10 Endodontic emergencies
    • Introduction
    • General diagnostic considerations and emergency principles
    • The etiology and pathogenesis behind emergency scenarios
    • Non-endodontic tooth pain – conditions of differential diagnostic interest
    • Management of patients with acute dental pain
    • References
  • Chapter 11 Controlling the environment – the aseptic working field
    • Background
    • Preparing teeth for rubber dam isolation and the development of an aseptic working field
    • Rubber dam isolation
    • Application of the rubber dam
    • Disinfection of the working field
    • Aseptic working procedures
    • References
  • Chapter 12 Access and canal negotiation: the first key procedural steps for successful endodontic treatment
    • Introduction
    • Principles of tooth development and tooth anatomy
    • Individual analysis of the tooth, preoperative radiographs, and additional CBCT scans in complex cases
    • Rubber dam isolation
    • Access cavity preparation
    • Canal negotiation
    • References
  • Chapter 13 Root canal instrumentation
    • Introduction
    • Principles of root canal instrumentation
    • Root canal system anatomy
    • Anatomical variations in teeth
    • Procedural steps
    • Endodontic instruments
    • Instrumentation techniques
    • Limitations of root canal instrumentation
    • Preventing procedural mishaps
    • References
  • Chapter 14 Irrigation and disinfection
    • Introduction
    • Eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system
    • Microbial reduction by instrumentation
    • Root canal irrigation
    • The apical root canal – a special challenge for irrigation
    • Activation of irrigant flow
    • Use of lasers in irrigation
    • Wide-spectrum sound energy for cleaning the root canal system
    • Intracanal medicaments
    • Concluding remarks
    • References
  • Chapter 15 Root canal filling
  • Chapter 15.1 Root canal filling materials
    • Introduction
    • Requirements
    • Evaluation of specific materials
    • References
  • Chapter 15.2 Root canal filling techniques
    • Introduction
    • Clinical objectives and in vitro investigations
    • The root canal filling–dentin interface
    • Root canal filling techniques
    • Concluding remarks
    • References
• Part 4 The Endodontically Treated Tooth
  • Chapter 16 The root canal-treated tooth in prosthodontic reconstruction
    • Introduction
    • Fracture predilection of root-treated teeth
    • Occlusal loading
    • Root canal-treated teeth as abutments
    • Distribution of remaining tooth structure and restorability
    • Principles of restoration of root-treated teeth
    • Timing of restoration after endodontic treatment
    • Approach to restoration of anterior teeth
    • Characteristics of posts
    • Preparation of the post space
    • Approach to restoration of posterior teeth
    • Core materials
    • Modes of restoration failure in root canal-treated teeth
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • Chapter 17 Clinical epidemiology: measuring endodontic disease and treatment outcome
    • Introduction
    • Defining a “successful” outcome
    • Study designs commonly used in endodontic research
    • Treatment outcome and risk factors
    • Concluding remarks
    • References
  • Chapter 18 Endodontic retreatment – the decision-making process
    • Introduction
    • Why might the initial treatment be unsuccessful?
    • When may further intervention be considered?
    • Decision-making – the dentist's perspective
    • Decision-making – the patient's perspective
    • References
  • Chapter 19 Nonsurgical retreatment
    • Introduction
    • Indications
    • Instrumentation of the root canal
    • Summary
    • References
  • Chapter 20 Surgical endodontics
    • Introduction
    • General outline of the procedure
    • Local anesthesia
    • Flap design, incision, and raising the flap – general considerations
    • Access to the root tip
    • Root-end resection
    • Curettage of the soft-tissue lesion
    • Management of bleeding
    • Root-end preparation
    • Root-end filling
    • Repositioning and suturing of the flap
    • Postoperative measures
    • Follow-up after surgery
    • References
• Part 5 Additional Considerations
  • Chapter 21 Local anesthetic considerations
    • Introduction
    • Fundamentals of local anesthetic action
    • Common local anesthetic agents in endodontics
    • Standard methods of local anesthesia for endodontics
    • Failure to secure anesthesia
    • Why may teeth be difficult to anesthetize?
    • Measures to preempt or overcome challenging local anesthesia
    • Supplementary injections
    • Sedation
    • Complications of local anesthesia
    • References
  • Chapter 22 Complex orofacial pain conditions
    • Introduction
    • Overview of pain mechanisms
    • Diagnostic process
    • Complex orofacial pain conditions
    • Painful posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy
    • Persistent idiopathic facial pain
    • Atypical odontalgia/persistent dentoalveolar pain
    • Trigeminal neuralgia
    • Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
    • Migraine/neurovascular orofacial pain
    • Temporomandibular disorder pain – referred pain
    • Summary
    • References
  • Chapter 23 Endodontic complications after trauma
    • Introduction
    • Common dental injuries
    • Dental trauma and its consequences
    • Consequences of pulp breakdown and infection after trauma
    • General considerations in the management of dental trauma
    • Diagnostic quandaries: to remove or review the pulp after trauma?
    • References
  • Chapter 24 Medicolegal considerations
    • Introduction
    • Ethical considerations – the concepts of beneficence and nonmaleficence
    • Defining best practice
    • Endodontic procedures as complex interventions with scope for imperfection, oversight and error
    • Examples of errors and accidents
    • Do errors always lead to legal action?
    • Professional indemnity/malpractice insurance
    • Managing risks
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Chapter 25 Emergencies in need of urgent referral
    • Introduction
    • Neurological injuries resulting from endodontic procedures and materials
    • Neurological injuries resulting from periapical inflammation
    • Chemical tissue trauma
    • Severe odontogenic infections that may compromise systemic health
    • Suspicion of locally aggressive or neoplastic lesions
    • Severe or persistent pain
    • Inhalation or aspiration of dental instruments or materials
    • Allergic responses that may compromise systemic health
    • Reporting adverse events
    • Summary
    • References
  • Chapter 26 The transition to independent practice
    • Introduction
    • The challenge of transition
    • Learning: explanations and strategies
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgment
    • References
• Index
• End User License Agreement

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