Efnisyfirlit

• List of case studies, learning tasks and tables
• About the author
• Introduction
• 1 WHAT IS SOCIAL INEQUALITY?
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • Conceptualising social inequality
  • Defining social inequality
  • Measuring social inequality
  • Measuring inequality
    • Using poverty lines
    • Examining incomes at country level
    • Comparing economic growth
    • Comparing development
    • Looking at wages
    • Measuring wealth
    • Looking at social exclusion
    • Ongoing debates
    • Defining intersectionality
  • The global context of inequality
  • Patterns of contemporary inequality
  • Subjective inequality
  • Theoretical debates about inequality
  • Why does inequality matter?
    • Inequality results in negative outcomes
    • Inequality generates political instability
    • Brexit: the result of inequality?
    • Inequality impacts upon the most vulnerable
    • Inequality slows economic growth
    • Inequality affects subjective wellbeing
  • Why does inequality persist?
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 2 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: SOCIAL CLASS
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What is social class and why is it important?
  • Features of socially stratified societies
  • Defining social class
  • Measuring social class
  • Contemporary social classes in the UK
  • Chavs: the new underclass?
  • Social mobility
  • Why social mobility is hard to achieve in the UK
  • Social mobility: the British great escape?
  • The importance of class endures
  • Explaining social class divisions
  • Class position and inequality
  • Social status
  • Social status and the perpetuation of inequality
  • Explaining differences in social status
  • Social status, class and inequality
  • Inequalities and stratification in contemporary society
  • The stratification of life experience
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 3 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: EMPLOYMENT
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • Employment as a social division
  • Example inequalities in employment
  • Unemployment
  • Gender and work
  • Work and age
  • Social class, skills and work
  • Work and ethnicity
  • Work, health and disability
  • Disabilities and inequalities in employment
  • COVID-19 and work
  • Intersectional inequalities associated with employment
  • Explaining the inequalities associated with employment
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 4 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: YOUTH AND AGE
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • Age
  • Age as a social construction
  • Changing patterns of youth and age
  • Media concerns about the ageing population
  • Ways in which an ageing society is positive
  • Media concerns about youth
  • The beginning of the lifecourse and inequalities
  • Inequalities in childhood
  • The end of the lifecourse and inequalities
  • Inequalities in later life
  • Early life chances and older-age vulnerability
  • Challenges for millennials
  • Brexit, age and geographical inequalities
  • Adolescence, gender, transition and later-life outcomes
  • University education and inequalities
  • Social policy: promoting equality across the lifecourse?
  • Explaining age-based divisions
  • Ageism and associated inequalities
  • Inequalities in end-of-life care
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 5 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: HEALTH AND DISABILITY
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • Defining health inequalities
  • Poverty and health inequalities
  • The social gradient of health
  • Geographical variations within UK health outcomes
  • The social model of health
  • Disability as a social inequality
  • Disability and health inequalities
  • Social divisions and health outcomes
  • Explaining health inequalities and their causes
  • Lifestyle factors
  • Psychosocial factors
  • Status syndrome
  • Economic inequalities and health
  • Lay understandings
  • Lay understandings and health inequalities
  • The importance of place for health
  • Social determinants and health inequalities
  • Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH)
  • Health service access, usage and inequalities
  • Example inequalities in healthcare
  • Globalisation as a cause of health inequalities
  • Globalisation and its impact upon health
  • Solutions to health inequalities
    • Social policy approaches
    • Policy to tackle health inequalities
    • Educational approaches
    • Community-level action
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 6 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: GENDER
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What is gender?
  • Defining gender
  • Inequalities experienced by transgender individuals
  • Gender, legislation and inequalities
  • Gender inequalities
  • Defining gender inequality
  • Women and inequalities: the evidence
  • Women and socio-economic outcomes
  • Gender and power
  • Women and powerlessness
    • Women and sexual assault
    • Women and COVID-19
  • Women’s empowerment
    • Me Too
    • Glasgow Equal Pay Campaign
  • Explaining gender inequality
  • What about men?
  • Inequalities experienced by men
  • Opportunities and benefits of gender equality for all
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 7 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: SEXUALITIES
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What do we mean by sexualities?
  • Defining sexualities
  • The social construction of sexuality
  • The sexualisation of culture
  • Selling sex: stigma, taboo and inequalities
  • Sexuality and institutionalised heterosexuality
  • Labels and sexuality
  • Inequalities associated with sexualities
  • Example inequalities experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender groups
  • Sexuality and inequalities in global policy approaches
  • Intersectionality
  • Explaining sexuality as a social division
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 8 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: ETHNICITY
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What is ethnicity?
  • Contemporary examples of segregation
  • Ethnic social stratification
  • Ethnicity, social stratification and inequalities
  • How can we measure ethnic inequalities?
  • Ethnicity and inequalities: the evidence
  • Example of contemporary racism – Islamophobia
  • Politics and ethnic tolerance
  • Health inequalities
  • Racism and health inequalities
  • Explaining ethnic inequalities
  • Examples of institutional racism
  • Social policy failures
  • Social policy failures and ethnic inequalities
  • Overview of sociological contributions
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 9 SOCIAL DIVISIONS AND INEQUALITY: MIGRATION
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What is migration?
  • Defining and measuring migration
  • Emigration
  • Migration, refugees and panic
  • Social policy, migration and inequalities
  • Inequalities associated with migration
  • Explaining the inequalities associated with migration
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 10 GLOBALISATION AND THE GLOBAL DIMENSIONSOF INEQUALITY
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • Defining globalisation
  • Defining globalisation
  • Theorising globalisation
  • Globalisation debated: is globalisation positive or negative?
  • Globalisation and economics
  • Globalisation, the global economy and inequalities
  • Global trade: the power of transnational corporations
  • Big Pharma and health inequalities
  • Global consumerism
  • Globalisation and consumption
  • Examples of inequalities in consumption
  • Global media
  • Global politics: global governance
  • Ecological unsustainability
  • Inequalities and global rubbish
  • Migration
  • Global brain drain and inequalities
  • Global inequality
  • Has inequality increased or decreased?
  • Is globalisation responsible for increased inequality?
  • Why is globalisation disappointing in development andeconomic terms?
  • What is the future of global economic inequality?
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 11 THE GLOBAL SOCIAL POLICY ARENA AND INEQUALITY
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What is global governance?
  • Studying global governance
  • Why do we need global governance?
  • Challenges for global policy makers
  • Key global policy makers
  • Positive global governance
    • Global goals
    • The focus on health
    • Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008)
    • The work of non-governmental organisations
  • Negative global governance
    • Policy directions
    • Development and aid
  • The myth of aid?
    • Gender inequality
    • Governance of those governing
    • Increasing exclusion
    • Global ecological problems
    • Global economic issues
    • Global resistance
  • How does global governance relate to inequality?
  • Austerity
  • Questionable commitment to tackling inequalities?
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 12 SOCIAL POLICY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO INEQUALITY: FACILITATOR OR POTENTIAL SOLUTION?
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • Introduction to social policy
  • Defining social policy
  • Welfare policy
  • Important debates in policy related to welfare
  • How do ideological and political values impact on inequalities?
  • Fiscal policy
  • The impact of the 2008 financial crisis
  • Austerity, fiscal policy and inequalities
  • Debt advice
  • Policy to encourage people to take up work
  • Policy to encourage uptake of work: facilitator of inequality?
  • Increasing social mobility through policy
  • Policy barriers to the achievement of social mobility: facilitator of inequality?
  • Poverty and state approaches: social policy
  • Policy approaches to tackle inequality: policy as a solution?
  • Policy, capitalism and inequality
  • Policy direction serving to facilitate inequalities
  • Fiscal policy and financial regulation
  • Fiscal policy and lack of regulation: facilitator of inequality?
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• 13 SOLUTIONS TO INEQUALITY: HOW DO WE CREATE A MORE EQUAL GLOBAL SOCIETY?
  • Key learning outcomes
  • Overview of the chapter
  • What is the challenge?
  • Is technology the answer?
  • Is social policy the answer?
  • The need for a new economic model and associated social policy approach
  • Broader policy changes required to address inequalities
  • Policies to achieve health for everyone
  • Reform of global governance
  • An alternative view of poverty?
  • Limitations with current approaches to tackling poverty
  • What about more development and growth?
  • A fairer, better and different type of economic growth
  • What does more inclusive development look like?
  • Creating greater equality requires ideological change
  • Can we all live a good life within the limits of our resources?
  • Expert and public knowledge differences
  • Protests and social movements as mechanisms to generate a more equal future
  • Social movements, protest and greater equality?
  • A more peaceful and stable world?
  • Barriers to ending war and creating more equality
  • The future of social inequality
  • Summary of key points
  • List of questions to stimulate debate and reflection
  • Further reading
• Glossary
• References
• Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

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