Efnisyfirlit

• Tables, Figures, and Boxes
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Introduction
  • Facts and Values in Perspective
  • The Scientific Approach
  • What This Book Is About
  • Conclusion
  • Key Terms
  • Notes
• Chapter 1 • The Definition and Measurement of Concepts
  • Learning Objectives
  • Conceptual Definitions
    • Clarifying a Concept
    • A Template for Writing a Conceptual Definition
    • Why It’s Important to Identify the Unit of Analysis
  • Operational Definitions
  • Measurement Error
    • Systematic Measurement Error
    • Random Measurement Error
    • Reliability and Validity
    • Evaluating Reliability
    • Evaluating Validity
  • Working with Datasets, Codebooks, and Software
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 2 • Measuring and Describing Variables
  • Learning Objectives
  • Essential Features
  • Levels of Measurement
    • Nominal-level Variables
    • Ordinal-level Variables
    • Interval-level Variables
    • Which Level of Measurement Is Best?
  • Describing Variables
    • Nominal Variables
    • Ordinal Variables
    • Interval Variables
  • Transforming Variables
    • Additive Indexes
    • Sometimes Less Is More: Simplifying Variables
    • Centering and Standardizing Interval-level Variables
    • Advanced Data Transformation Methods
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 3 • Proposing Explanations, Framing Hypotheses, and Making Comparisons
  • Learning Objectives
  • “All Models Are Wrong, But Some Are Useful”
  • Proposing Explanations
    • Causal Mechanisms
  • Framing Hypotheses
  • Common Mistakes in Hypothesis Writing
  • Making Comparisons
    • Cross-tabulations
    • Mean Comparisons
  • Graphing Relationships and Describing Patterns
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 4 • Research Design, Research Ethics, and Evidence of Causation
  • Learning Objectives
  • Establishing Causation
  • Experimental Designs
    • Random Assignment
    • Pretreatment Measurements
    • Laboratory Experiments
    • Field Experiments
  • Selecting Cases for Analysis
    • Random Sampling
    • Weighting Sample Observations
    • Nonrandom Sampling and Qualitative Research Designs
  • Conducting Research Ethically
    • Experiments Involving Human Subjects
    • Ethical Responsibilities to the Academic Community
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 5 • Making Controlled Comparisons
  • Learning Objectives
  • The Logic of Controlled Comparisons
  • Essential Terms and Concepts
  • Effect of Partisanship on Gun Control Vote, Controlling for Gender: An Illustrative Example
    • A Spurious Relationship
    • Additive Relationships
    • Interactive Relationships
    • Many Faces of Interaction
  • Controlled Mean Comparisons
    • Example of an Additive Relationship
    • Example of an Interactive Relationship
  • Identifying Patterns
  • Advanced Methods of Making Controlled Comparisons
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 6 • Foundations of Statistical Inference
  • Learning Objectives
  • Population Parameters and Sample Statistics
  • The Central Limit Theorem and the Normal Distribution
  • Quantifying Standard Errors
    • Standard Error of a Sample Mean
    • Standard Error of a Sample Proportion
  • Confidence Intervals
  • Sample Size and the Margin of Error of a Poll
  • Inferences with Small Batches: The Student’s t-Distribution
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 7 • Tests of Significance and Measures of Association
  • Learning Objectives
  • Statistical Significance and Null Hypothesis Testing
  • One-Sample Significance Tests
  • Two-Sample Significance Tests
    • Difference of Means Test
    • Difference of Proportions Test
  • The Chi-square Test
  • Measures of Association
    • Lambda
    • Somers’ dyx
    • Cramer’s V
  • Criticisms of Null Hypothesis Testing
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 8 • Correlation and Linear Regression
  • Learning Objectives
  • Correlation
  • Bivariate Regression
  • Educational Attainment and Voter Turnout in States Example
  • R-square
    • Adjusted R-square
  • Multiple Regression
  • Regression with Multiple Dummy Variables
  • Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression
    • Some Practical Issues: Multicollinearity, Parsimony, and Missing Data
    • Analyzing Residuals to Evaluate Linear Regression Models
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 9 • Logistic Regression
  • Learning Objectives
  • The Logistic Regression Approach
  • Logistic Regression Approach to Vote Choice in the 2016 Presidential Election
  • Finding the Best Fit: Maximum Likelihood Estimation
  • Logistic Regression with Multiple Independent Variables
  • Graphing Predicted Probabilities with Multiple Independent Variables
    • Marginal Effects at the Means
    • Marginal Effects at Representative Values
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Chapter 10 • Conducting Your Own Political Analysis
  • Picking a Good Topic
  • Getting Focused and Staying Motivated
  • Reviewing Prior Literature
  • Collecting Data
    • Political Science Data Archives
    • Making Observations
    • Automated Data Collection
    • Survey Research
    • Interviews
  • Writing It Up
    • General Suggestions about Tone and Citations
    • Suggestions for Clear Organization
  • Maintain a Scientific Mindset
  • Key Terms
  • Exercises
  • Notes
• Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu