Repairing Damaged Wildlands
Námskeið
- Uppgræðslutækni og landgræðsluskógrækt.
Lýsing:
The interesting approach to ecological restoration described in this book will appeal to anyone interested in improving the ecological conditions, biological diversity, or productivity of damaged wildlands. Using sound ecological principles, the author describes how these ecosystems are stabilised and directed toward realistic management objectives using natural recovery processes rather than expensive subsidies.
An initial emphasis on repairing water and nutrient cycles, and increasing energy capture, will initiate and direct positive feedback repair systems that drive continuing autogenic recovery. This strategy is most appropriate where landuse goals call for low-input, sustainable vegetation managed for biological diversity, livestock production, timber production, wildlife habitat, watershed management, or ecosystem services.
Annað
- Höfundur: S. Whisenant
- Útgáfa:1
- Útgáfudagur: 11-11-1999
- Hægt að prenta út 5 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 5 bls.
- Format:Page Fidelity
- ISBN 13: 9780511037771
- Print ISBN: 9780521470018
- ISBN 10: 0511037775
Efnisyfirlit
- Half-title
- Series-title
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Wildland degradation and repair
- Introduction
- Degradation
- Setting realistic objectives
- What do we call what we want to accomplish?
- Repairing damaged wildlands
- Philosophical approaches
- AGRONOMIC APPROACH
- ECOLOGICAL APPROACH
- Recommended approach
- PROCESS-ORIENTED STRATEGIES
- INITIATE AND DIRECT AUTOGENIC PROCESS
- CONSIDER LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS
- Philosophical approaches
- Introduction
- What is proper versus damaged functioning?
- Conservation of resources
- LANDFORM AND GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES
- BIOTIC CONTROLS
- Proper hydrologic functioning
- INFILTRATION AND RUNOFF
- EVAPORATION, TRANSPIRATION, AND SALINIZATION
- Erosion
- WATER (FLUVIVAL) EROSION
- WIND (EOLIAN) EROSION
- Conservation of resources
- Soil stability and hydrologic functioning
- SOIL SURFACE CONDITIONS
- SURFACE ROUGHNESS
- THRESHOLD WIND EROSION VELOCITY
- RAIN USE EFFICIENCY
- PROPER FUNCTIONING CONDITION OF RIPARIAN WETLANDS
- Nutrient cycling
- NUTRIENT AVAILABILTY IN ECOSYSTEMS
- COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION
- NUTRIENTS AND SUCCESSION
- Visual assessments of nutrient cycling
- Introduction
- Improving soil surface conditions
- Increase surface soil roughness
- CONTROLLING WIND EROSION WITH ROUGHER SOIL SURFACES
- Add aboveground obstructions
- TYPES OF ABOVEGROUND OBSTRUCTIONS
- PLANTS AS OBSTACLES TO FLUVIVAL FLOWS
- PLANTS AS OBSTACLES TO EOLIAN FLOWS
- PREPARATORY CROPS
- SHELTERBELTS
- Use soil conditioners
- Initiate microbiotic crust development
- Increase surface soil roughness
- Increasing resource retention
- Match vegetation with the nutrient regime
- NITROGEN
- SOIL PH
- NUTRIENT CYCLING
- Repair or replace biotic processes in the soil
- Add organic materials
- Match vegetation with the nutrient regime
- Other hydrologic problems
- Dryland salinization
- Gully erosion
- Compacted soils
- Introduction
- Understanding vegetation change
- Process and context
- Uncertainty, rare and infrequent events
- Temporal and spatial variability
- Multiple mechanisms of change
- Multiple stable-states and transition thresholds
- TRANSITIONS CONTROLLED BY ABIOTIC LIMITATIONS
- TRANSITIONS CONTROLLED BY BIOTIC INTERACTIONS
- Differential species performance
- PLANT-TO-PLANT INTERACTIONS
- RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
- HERBIVORY
- Differential site availability
- SAFE SITES
- AUTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT
- Differential species availability
- DISPERSAL
- SEED PREDATORS
- Introduction
- Species and species mixtures
- Native species
- SEED SOURCE
- USING NONNATIVE SPECIES
- Species diversity
- GENETIC DIVERSITY
- Functional diversity
- ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES
- REGENERATION STRATEGIES
- POLLINATION REQUIREMENTS
- SITE STABILIZATION AND PRIMARY PROCESS REPAIR
- FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY
- Assembly rules
- Self-design
- Native species
- Which plant part should be planted?
- Seed
- SEED QUALITY
- COLLECTING SEED
- STRONG SEED
- HAY MULCH AS SOURCE OF SEED
- FLUPPY GRASS SEED OR BARE CARYOPSIS
- SEED FROM TOPSOIL ADDITIONS
- Whole plants
- WILDINGS
- RARE-ROOT STOCK
- CONTAINER-GROWN STOCK
- SOD
- Plant parts
- Seed
- Introduction
- Unassisted natural recovery
- Assisted natural recovery
- Artificially induced recovery
- Why do seedings fail?
- GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE
- ESTABLISHMENT
- Seedbed preparation
- MECHANICAL AND MANUAL METHODS
- CHEMICAL METHODS
- BURNING METHODS
- BIOLOGICAL METHODS
- Special seedbed considerations
- Water-limiting environments
- WATER HARVESTING
- SNOWFENCES
- Salinized soils
- Active sand dunes
- Mulches
- Water-limiting environments
- Why do seedings fail?
- Introduction
- Direct seeding
- Seed preparation
- BREAKING SEED DORMANCY
- INOCULATION
- Planting time
- Seeding rate
- SEEDING RATES AND COMPETITIVE INTERFERENCE
- PLANTING VERY LOW SEEDING RATES
- Seeding depth
- Drill seeding
- INTERSEEDING
- Broadcast seeding
- SEEDBED REQUIREMENTS
- AERIAL SEEDING
- HAY MULCH SEEDING
- CULTIPACKER-TYPE SEEDERS
- HYDROSEEDING
- Seed preparation
- Planting densities for trees and shrubs
- Wildings
- Sod
- Bare-root stock
- Container-grown stock
- Cuttings
- WOODY CUTTINGS
- SPRIGS
- CHEMICAL REPELLENTS
- PROTECTIVE TUBES
- Introduction
- Understanding landscapes
- Landscape structure
- Landscape function
- Guidelines for designing landscapes
- Treat causes rather than symptoms of degradation
- Emphasize process repair over structural replacement
- Design repair actions at the proper scale
- Design landscapes to increase retention of limiting resources
- Design spatial variation into landscapes
- Design landscapes to maintain the integrity of primary processes
- Design linkages into landscapes
- Design propagule donor patches into landscapes
- Design landscapes to encourage animal dispersal of desired seed
- Design landscapes to encourage wind dispersal of desired seed
- Design landscapes to encourage positive animal interactions
- Design landscapes to improve the microenvironment at different scales
- A decision-making framework
- Context analysis
- SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT
- ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT
- Context analysis
- ASSESSING RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
- CLIMATIC UNCERTAINTY
- TECHNICAL UNCERTAINTY
- SOCIOECONOMIC UNCERTAINTIES
- PLANNING FOR RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
- REFERENCE SITES
- MEASURING PROGRESS
UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS
Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.
Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 6275
- Útgáfuár : 1999
- Leyfi : 379