Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Preface
• About the authors
• Acknowledgments
• List of Illustrations
• List of Tables
• 1.  Introduction to radiation protection
  • Team concept in the medical field
  • Control of radiant energy
  • Goals of radiation protection
  • Concept of radiation protection
  • Justification and responsibility for imaging procedures: Benefit verses risk
  • As low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle
  • Patient protection and patient education
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 2.  Radiation: Types, sources, and doses received
  • Radiation
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 3.  Interaction of x-radiation with matter
  • Significance of x-ray absorption in biologic tissue
  • X-ray beam production and energy
  • Attenuation
  • Probability of photon interaction with matter
  • Processes of interaction
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 4.  Radiation quantities and units
  • Historical evolution of radiation quantities and units
  • Radiation quantities and their SI units of measure
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 5.  Radiation monitoring
  • Personnel monitoring
  • Personnel dosimeters for occupational monitoring
  • Radiation survey instruments for area monitoring
  • Instruments used to measure x-ray exposure
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 6.  Overview of cell biology
  • The cell
  • Cell chemical composition
  • Cell structure
  • Cell division
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 7.  Molecular and cellular radiation biology
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Radiation energy transfer determinants
  • Molecular effects of irradiation
  • Effects of irradiation on the entire cell
  • Survival curves for mammalian cells
  • Cell radiosensitivity
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 8.  Early tissue reactions and their effects on organ systems
  • Somatic and genetic effects
  • Somatic effects
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 9.  Stochastic effects and late tissue reactions of radiation in organ systems
  • Epidemiology
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Radiation dose–response relationship
  • Somatic effects
  • Genetic (hereditary) effects
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 10.  Dose limits for exposure to ionizing radiation
  • Basis of effective dose limiting system
  • Radiation protection standards organizations
  • US regulatory agencies
  • Radiation safety program
  • Radiation for health and safety act of 1968
  • ALARA concept
  • Food and drug administration white paper
  • Consumer-patient radiation health and safety act of 1981
  • Radiation-induced responses of concern in radiation protection
  • Current radiation protection philosophy
  • Basis for the effective dose limiting system
  • Current national council on radiation protection and measurements recommendations
  • Action limits
  • Radiation hormesis
  • Occupational and nonoccupational dose limits
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 11.  Equipment design for radiation protection
  • Radiation safety features of radiographic equipment, devices, and accessories
  • Automatic exposure control (AEC) and phototiming
  • General information and radiation safety features of digital imaging equipment and accessories
  • Radiation safety features of fluoroscopic equipment, devices, and accessories
  • Radiation safety features of digital fluoroscopic equipment
  • Radiation safety for high-level control interventional procedures
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 12.  Management of patient radiation dose during x-ray procedures
  • Effective communication
  • Immobilization
  • Protective shielding
  • Technical exposure factors
  • Postprocessing of the radiographic image
  • Air gap technique
  • Repeat images
  • Concern about risk of exposure during diagnostic imaging procedures
  • Protecting the pregnant or potentially pregnant patient
  • Pediatric considerations during radiographic imaging
  • Image gently campaign
  • Image wisely campaign
  • Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, or DXA scan)
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 13.  Special considerations on safety in computed tomography
  • Patient dose in computed tomography
  • Methods for reduction of patient dose in CT
  • Computed tomography dose parameters
  • Effective computed tomography dose
  • Multidetector computed tomography scanning (MDCT)
  • Computed tomography cardiovascular imaging (CT CVI)
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 14.  X-ray breast imaging: Methods and radiation safety aspects
  • Mammography and breast compression
  • Digital breast tomosynthesis/3D mammography
  • Radiation dosage
  • DBT summary
  • Summary
  • Discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 15.  Management of imaging personnel radiation dose during diagnostic x-ray procedures
  • Annual limit for occupationally exposed personnel
  • Alara concept
  • Dose-reduction methods and techniques
  • Protection for pregnant personnel
  • Basic principles of radiation protection for personnel exposure reduction
  • X-ray tube housing cables
  • Protection during fluoroscopic procedures
  • Protection during mobile x-ray examinations
  • Protection during C-arm fluoroscopy
  • Protection during high-level control interventional procedures
  • Diagnostic x-ray suite protection design
  • Radiation caution signs
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• 16.  Radioisotopes and radiation protection
  • Medical usage
  • Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)
  • Radiation emergencies: Use of radiation as a terrorist weapon
  • Summary
  • General discussion questions
  • Review questions
• Appendix A: Relationships between systems of units
• Appendix B: Image gently pledge and image wisely pledge
• Appendix C: Standard designations for metric system lengths electron volt energy levels and frequency spectrum ranges
• Appendix D: Periodic table of elements
• Appendix E: Relationship among photons electromagnetic waves wavelength and energy
• Appendix F: Electron shell structure of the atom
• Appendix G: Compton interaction
• Appendix H: NCRP 10CFR Part 3550 training for radiation safety officer and associate radiation safety officer
• Appendix I: Consumer Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
• References
• Glossary
• Index

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