Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• PREFACE
  • EMPHASIS ON DESIGN
  • PEDAGOGY
  • REFERENCES
  • ORGANIZATION
• LIST OF SYMBOLS
• 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
  • 1.1 TERMINOLOGY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL DEVICES
  • 1.2 GENERALIZED MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
  • 1.3 ALTERNATIVE OPERATIONAL MODES
  • 1.4 MEDICAL MEASUREMENT CONSTRAINTS
  • 1.5 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
  • 1.6 INTERFERING AND MODIFYING INPUTS
  • 1.7 COMPENSATION TECHNIQUES
  • 1.8 BIOSTATISTICS
  • 1.9 GENERALIZED STATIC CHARACTERISTICS
  • 1.10 GENERALIZED DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
  • 1.11 AMPLIFIERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
  • 1.12 INVERTING AMPLIFIERS
  • 1.13 NONINVERTING AMPLIFIERS
  • 1.14 DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS
  • 1.15 COMPARATORS
  • 1.16 RECTIFIERS
  • 1.17 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIERS
  • 1.18 INTEGRATORS
  • 1.19 DIFFERENTIATORS
  • 1.20 ACTIVE FILTERS
  • 1.21 FREQUENCY RESPONSE
  • 1.22 OFFSET VOLTAGE
  • 1.23 BIAS CURRENT
  • 1.24 INPUT AND OUTPUT RESISTANCE
  • 1.25 DESIGN CRITERIA
  • 1.26 COMMERCIAL MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
  • 1.27 REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 2 BASIC SENSORS AND PRINCIPLES
  • 2.1 DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS
  • 2.2 RESISTIVE SENSORS
  • 2.3 BRIDGE CIRCUITS
  • 2.4 INDUCTIVE SENSORS
  • 2.5 PHASE‐SENSITIVE DEMODULATORS
  • 2.6 CAPACITIVE SENSORS
  • 2.7 PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS
  • 2.8 ACCELEROMETER
  • 2.9 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
  • 2.10 THERMOCOUPLES
  • 2.11 THERMISTORS
  • 2.12 RADIATION THERMOMETRY
  • 2.13 FIBER‐OPTIC TEMPERATURE SENSORS
  • 2.14 OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
  • 2.15 RADIATION SOURCES
  • 2.16 GEOMETRICAL AND FIBER OPTICS
  • 2.17 OPTICAL FILTERS
  • 2.18 RADIATION SENSORS
  • 2.19 OPTICAL COMBINATIONS
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 3 MICROCONTROLLERS IN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
  • 3.1 BASICS OF MICROCONTROLLER
  • 3.2 EMBEDDED MEDICAL SYSTEM
  • 3.3 ECG‐BASED EMBEDDED MEDICAL SYSTEM EXAMPLE
  • 3.4 SELECTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER
  • 3.5 IOT‐BASED MEDICAL DEVICES
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 4 THE ORIGIN OF BIOPOTENTIALS
  • 4.1 ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF EXCITABLE CELLS
  • 4.2 VOLUME CONDUCTOR FIELDS
  • 4.3 FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • 4.4 THE ELECTRONEUROGRAM
  • 4.5 THE ELECTROMYOGRAM
  • 4.6 THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
  • 4.7 THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM
  • 4.8 THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
  • 4.9 THE MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAM
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 5 BIOPOTENTIAL ELECTRODES
  • 5.1 THE ELECTRODE–ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE
  • 5.2 POLARIZATION
  • 5.3 POLARIZABLE AND NONPOLARIZABLE ELECTRODES
  • 5.4 ELECTRODE BEHAVIOR AND CIRCUIT MODELS
  • 5.5 THE ELECTRODE–SKIN INTERFACE AND MOTION ARTIFACT
  • 5.6 BODY‐SURFACE RECORDING ELECTRODES
  • 5.7 INTERNAL ELECTRODES
  • 5.8 ELECTRODE ARRAYS
  • 5.9 MICROELECTRODES
  • 5.10 ELECTRODES FOR ELECTRIC STIMULATION OF TISSUE
  • 5.11 PRACTICAL HINTS IN USING ELECTRODES
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 6 BIOPOTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS
  • 6.1 BASIC REQUIREMENTS
  • 6.2 THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH
  • 6.3 PROBLEMS FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED
  • 6.4 TRANSIENT PROTECTION
  • 6.5 COMMON‐MODE AND OTHER INTERFERENCE‐REDUCTION CIRCUITS
  • 6.6 AMPLIFIERS FOR OTHER BIOPOTENTIAL SIGNALS
  • 6.7 EXAMPLE OF A BIOPOTENTIAL PREAMPLIFIER
  • 6.8 OTHER BIOPOTENTIAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS
  • 6.9 CARDIAC MONITORS
  • 6.10 BIOTELEMETRY
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 7 BLOOD PRESSURE AND SOUND
  • 7.1 DIRECT MEASUREMENTS
  • 7.2 HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF BLOOD PRESSURE WAVEFORMS
  • 7.3 DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PRESSURE‐MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
  • 7.4 MEASUREMENT OF SYSTEM RESPONSE
  • 7.5 EFFECTS OF SYSTEM PARAMETERS ON RESPONSE
  • 7.6 BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE
  • 7.7 TYPICAL PRESSURE‐WAVEFORM DISTORTION
  • 7.8 SYSTEMS FOR MEASURING VENOUS PRESSURE
  • 7.9 HEART SOUNDS
  • 7.10 PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY
  • 7.11 CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
  • 7.12 EFFECTS OF POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY ON PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
  • 7.13 INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE
  • 7.14 TONOMETRY
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 8 MEASUREMENT OF FLOW AND VOLUME OF BLOOD
  • 8.1 INDICATOR‐DILUTION METHOD THAT USES CONTINUOUS INFUSION
  • 8.2 INDICATOR‐DILUTION METHOD THAT USES RAPID INJECTION
  • 8.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOWMETERS
  • 8.4 ULTRASONIC FLOWMETERS
  • 8.5 THERMAL‐CONVECTION VELOCITY SENSORS
  • 8.6 CHAMBER PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
  • 8.7 ELECTRICAL‐IMPEDANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
  • 8.8 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 9 MEASUREMENTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  • 9.1 MODELING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  • 9.2 MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE
  • 9.3 MEASUREMENT OF GAS FLOW
  • 9.4 LUNG VOLUME
  • 9.5 RESPIRATORY PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
  • 9.6 SOME TESTS OF RESPIRATORY MECHANICS
  • 9.7 MEASUREMENT OF GAS CONCENTRATION
  • 9.8 SOME TESTS OF GAS TRANSPORT
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 10 CHEMICAL BIOSENSORS
  • 10.1 BLOOD‐GAS AND ACID–BASE PHYSIOLOGY
  • 10.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS
  • 10.3 CHEMICAL FIBROSENSORS
  • 10.4 ION‐SENSITIVE FIELD‐EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET)
  • 10.5 IMMUNOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE FIELD‐EFFECT TRANSISTOR (IMFET)
  • 10.6 NONINVASIVE BLOOD‐GAS MONITORING
  • 10.7 BLOOD‐GLUCOSE SENSORS
  • 10.8 ELECTRONIC NOSES
  • 10.9 LAB‐ON‐A‐CHIP
  • 10.10 SUMMARY
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 11 CLINICAL LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATION
  • 11.1 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
  • 11.2 AUTOMATED CHEMICAL ANALYZERS
  • 11.3 CHROMATOLOGY
  • 11.4 ELECTROPHORESIS
  • 11.5 HEMATOLOGY
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 12 MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS
  • 12.1 INFORMATION CONTENT OF AN IMAGE
  • 12.2 MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION
  • 12.3 NOISE‐EQUIVALENT BANDWIDTH
  • 12.4 IMAGE PROCESSING
  • 12.5 RADIOGRAPHY
  • 12.6 COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY
  • 12.7 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
  • 12.8 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
  • 12.9 NUCLEAR MEDICINE
  • 12.10 SINGLE‐PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
  • 12.11 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
  • 12.12 ULTRASONOGRAPHY
  • 12.13 CONTRAST AGENTS
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 13 THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES
  • 13.1 CARDIAC PACEMAKERS AND OTHER ELECTRIC STIMULATORS
  • 13.2 DEFIBRILLATORS AND CARDIOVERTERS
  • 13.3 MECHANICAL CARDIOVASCULAR ORTHOTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES
  • 13.4 HEMODIALYSIS
  • 13.5 LITHOTRIPSY
  • 13.6 VENTILATORS
  • 13.7 INFANT INCUBATORS
  • 13.8 DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES
  • 13.9 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
  • 13.10 THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF THE LASER
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• 14 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
  • 14.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY
  • 14.2 IMPORTANT SUSCEPTIBILITY PARAMETERS
  • 14.3 DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • 14.4 MACROSHOCK HAZARDS
  • 14.5 MICROSHOCK HAZARDS
  • 14.6 ELECTRICAL‐SAFETY CODES AND STANDARDS
  • 14.7 BASIC APPROACHES TO PROTECTION AGAINST SHOCK
  • 14.8 PROTECTION: POWER DISTRIBUTION
  • 14.9 PROTECTION: EQUIPMENT DESIGN
  • 14.10 ELECTRICAL‐SAFETY ANALYZERS
  • 14.11 TESTING THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM
  • 14.12 TESTS OF ELECTRIC APPLIANCES
  • 14.13 CONCLUSION
  • PROBLEMS
  • REFERENCES
• APPENDIX
  • APPENDIX A.1
  • APPENDIX A.2
  • APPENDIX A.3
  • REFERENCE
  • APPENDIX A.4
  • APPENDIX A.5
• Index
• End User License Agreement

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