Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Halftitle
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• 1 Scientific Understanding of Behavior
  • Consuming Research
  • Ways of Knowing
  • Goals of Behavioral Science
  • Basic and Applied Research
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 2 Where to Start
  • Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Predictions
  • Sources of Ideas
  • Types of Journal Articles
  • Exploring Past Research
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 3 Ethics in Behavioral Research
  • Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
  • Historical Context of Current Ethical Standards
  • APA Ethics Code
  • Assessment of Risks and Benefits
  • Informed Consent
  • The Importance of Debriefing
  • Institutional Review Boards
  • Research with Nonhuman Animal Subjects
  • Being an Ethical Researcher: The Issue of Misrepresentation
  • Conclusion: Risks and Benefits Revisited
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 4 Fundamental Research Issues
  • Validity: An Introduction
  • Variables
  • Operational Definitions of Variables
  • Relationships Between Variables
  • Nonexperimental Versus Experimental Methods
  • Experimental Methods: Additional Considerations
  • Evaluating Research: Summary of the FOUR Validities
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 5 Measurement Concepts
  • Reliability of Measures
  • Construct Validity of Measures
  • Reactivity of Measures
  • Variables and Measurement Scales
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 6 Observational Methods
  • Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
  • Naturalistic Observation
  • Systematic Observation
  • Case Studies
  • Archival Research
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 7 Asking People about Themselves: Survey Research
  • Why Conduct Surveys?
  • Constructing Questions to Ask
  • Responses to Questions
  • Finalizing the Survey Instrument
  • Administering Surveys
  • Survey Designs to Study Changes Over Time
  • Sampling From a Population
  • Sampling Techniques
  • Evaluating Samples
  • Reasons for Using Convenience Samples
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 8 Experimental Design
  • Confounding and Internal Validity
  • Basic Experiments
  • Assigning Participants to Experimental Conditions
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 9 Conducting Experiments
  • Selecting Research Participants
  • Manipulating the Independent Variable
  • Measuring the Dependent Variable
  • Additional Controls
  • Final Planning Considerations
  • Analyzing and Interpreting Results
  • Communicating Research to Others
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 10 Complex Experimental Designs
  • Increasing the Number of Levels of an Independent Variable
  • Increasing the Number of Independent Variables: Factorial Designs
  • Outcomes of a 2 × 2 Factorial Design
  • Assignment Procedures and Factorial Designs
  • Increasing the Number of Levels of an Independent Variable
  • Factorial Designs with Three or More Independent Variables
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 11 Single-case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
  • Single-Case Experimental Designs
  • Quasi-Experimental Designs
  • Developmental Research Designs
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 12 Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
  • Scales of Measurement: A Review
  • Describing Results
  • Frequency Distributions
  • Descriptive Statistics
  • Graphing Relationships
  • Correlation Coefficients: Describing the Strength of Relationships
  • Effect Size
  • Regression Equations
  • Multiple Correlation/Regression
  • The Third-Variable Problem
  • Structural Equation Modeling
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 13 Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
  • Samples and Populations
  • Inferential Statistics
  • Null and Research Hypotheses
  • Probability and Sampling Distributions
  • Group Differences: The t and F Tests
  • Type I and Type II Errors
  • Choosing a Significance Level
  • Interpreting Nonsignificant Results
  • Choosing a Sample Size: Power Analysis
  • The Importance of Replications
  • Significance of a Pearson r Correlation Coefficient
  • Statistical Analysis Software
  • Selecting the Appropriate Statistical Test
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• 14 Generalization
  • Generalizing to Other Populations
  • Generalizing Across Methods
  • Supporting Good External Validity
  • Using Research to Improve Lives
  • Review Questions
  • Study Terms
  • Check Your Learning: Answers
• Appendix A: Reporting Research
  • Introduction
  • Writing Your Report
  • Formatting Your Report
  • Organization of the Report
  • The Use of Headings
  • Citing and Referencing Sources
  • Abbreviations
  • Reporting Numbers and Statistics
  • Paper and Poster Presentations
  • Sample Paper
• Appendix B: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
  • General Principles
  • Standard 8: Research and Publication
• Appendix C: Statistical Tests
  • Descriptive Statistics
  • Statistical Significance and Effect Size
• Glossary
• References
• Index
• APA Formatting Checklist

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