Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Brief Contents
• Table of Contents
• Preface to the Fourth Edition
• Introduction
  • Politics and political theory
  • The structure of this book
    • Theories and concepts
    • Ideologies
    • Global political theory
  • How to read the book
• Part 1 Coercion, legitimacy, and collective choice
  • Chapter 1 The State
    • What is the state?
    • Case study 1.1: Do we need the police?
    • The state as the product of individual self-interest
      • Goods – public, common, private, and club
    • The state as ethical
      • Rousseau
      • Kant
      • Hegel
    • The state and the politics of the exception
    • The state in international politics
      • Realism
      • Liberalism
      • Schmitt on international relations
    • Should policing be privatised?
  • Chapter 2 Democracy
    • What is democracy?
    • Case study 2.1: Was Brexit a mistake?
    • Majorities
    • The median voter
    • Interest groups
    • Log-rolling
    • Voting with your feet – Tiebout sorting
    • Is voting rational?
    • Voting paradoxes
      • Brexit and voting paradoxes
    • Epistemic theories of democracy
      • Economists and Brexit
      • Expertise and heuristics
    • Deliberative democracy
    • Brexit (again)
  • Chapter 3 Punishment
    • Defining punishment
    • Case study 3.1: Precrimes
    • Retributivism
    • Consequentialism
      • Indirect consequentialism
    • The argument so far
    • Restitutivism
    • Capital punishment
      • Retributivism and capital punishment
      • Consequentialism and capital punishment
      • Restitutionism and capital punishment
      • The status of the executed person
    • Prepunishment
  • Chapter 4 Civil disobedience and conscientious objection
    • Civil disobedience and law-breaking
    • Case study 4.1: Refusing military service
      • Law-breaking
      • Civil disobedience versus rebellion
      • Democracy and obedience
      • Problems with democracy
    • Rawls: civil disobedience and conscientious refusal
      • Conscientious refusal
      • Criticisms of Rawls
    • Gandhi and satyagraha
    • Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement
      • Historical background to the Civil Rights Movement
      • Martin Luther King, ‘Letter from Birmingham City Jail’ (1963)
    • Selective versus absolute pacifism
• Part 2 Freedom, equality, and justice
  • Chapter 5 Equality
    • Principles of equality
    • Case study 5.1: Should the family be abolished?
    • Moral equality
      • Moral autonomy and moral equality
      • Nietzsche contra moral equality
      • Moral equality and the moralistic fallacy
    • Legal equality
    • Equal liberties
      • Do freedom and equality conflict?
    • Material equality
      • Equal access
      • Equal access and freedom of association
      • Equality of opportunity
      • Equality of outcome
    • Affirmative action
    • Collectivising childcare
  • Chapter 6 Freedom of action
    • What is freedom?
    • Case study 6.1: Should there be a tax on sugar?
    • The value of freedom
    • Unfreedom versus inability
    • J.S. Mill and the harm principle
    • Consent
    • Paternalism
      • Paternalism and public policy
      • Paternalism towards children
    • Is consent enough? Is harm the only consideration?
    • A tax on sugar
  • Chapter 7 Freedom of speech
    • Is there such a thing as free speech?
    • Case study 7.1: Anti-vaxxers and free speech
    • Speech-acts
      • Restrictions on speech
    • Mill’s defence of free speech
    • Harm
    • Is speech a public good?
    • The offence principle
    • Quality uncertainty
    • Incitement to hatred
    • Social media
    • Anti-vaxxers
  • Chapter 8 Distributive justice
    • Theories of just distribution
    • Case study 8.1: Fair taxes
    • Rawls and priority to the worst-off
      • The original position
      • Motivation in the original position
      • What would be chosen in the original position?
      • The two principles of justice
      • The difference principle
      • Rawls, Meade, and a property-owning democracy
    • Nozick: a libertarian theory of justice
      • Nozick’s starting point: private property rights
      • Just acquisition – Locke and Nozick
      • Just transfer
      • Types of theory
      • Rectification
    • Left libertarianism
    • Cohen: a Marxist perspective on distributive justice
      • Cohen against Nozick
      • Cohen against Rawls
    • Fair taxes
• Part 3 Classical ideologies
  • Chapter 9 Liberalism
    • The meaning of liberalism
    • Case study 9.1: Should it be illegal to buy sex?
    • Liberalism as neutrality
      • The historical background
      • Toleration
      • Toleration as neutrality
    • Liberal perfectionism
    • Utilitarianism
    • Contractarianism
      • Locke
    • Liberals and sex workers
  • Chapter 10 Conservatism
    • Conservatism: an elusive ideology?
    • Case study 10.1: Reforming the House of Lords
      • Basic elements of conservatism
      • The conservative revolution
    • Hume
    • Burke
    • Oakeshott
    • Strauss and American neoconservatism
    • Lords reform
  • Chapter 11 Socialism and Marxism
    • Case study 11.1: Why so many deaths?
    • The problem of utopia
      • Science and the ‘utopian socialists’
    • Introducing Marxism
      • The authoritarian consequences of ‘scientific socialism’
      • The inevitability argument
      • What happens when revolutions are ‘bourgeois’ in character?
      • What happens when revolutions are ‘pre-mature’?
      • Rosa Luxemburg, the Bolshevik Revolution, and Stalinism
    • The dilemma of democratic socialism
      • Eduard Bernstein and the German socialists
      • Bernstein, revisionism, and the British tradition
      • Bernstein’s argument
      • The British Labour Party and the Fabians
      • The Labour Party, constitutionalism, and the trade unions
      • Blair’s socialism
      • International social democrats
      • Socialism in America
    • Can Marxism be rescued?
      • The notion of revolution
      • The inevitability problem and the liberal tradition
      • The question of class and agency
      • Socialism and inevitability
      • The problem of utopianism
    • Death and socialism
  • Chapter 12 Anarchism
    • What is anarchism?
    • Case study 12.1: CHAZ or CHOP?
    • Anarchism and its relationship to socialism
    • Philosophical anarchists
    • Free market anarchists
      • Nozick’s minarchism
    • Republican Spain and the anarchist experience
    • The problem of violence
    • Anarchism and the new social movements
    • Organisation and relationships
      • The problem of hierarchy
      • The question of self-determination and constraint
      • Anarchism and the distinction between state and government
    • CHAZ (or CHOP) revisited
  • Chapter 13 Nationalism
    • Nations and nationalism
    • Case study 13.1: Who is Scottish?
    • Liberalism and nationalism: Mill and Herder
      • John Stuart Mill
      • Johann Gottfried von Herder
    • Socialism and nationalism: Marx and Engels
    • The contemporary debate
      • Civic nationalism
      • Liberalism and communitarian nationalism
      • Missionary nationalism
      • Ethnonationalism
    • Scottish nationalism
  • Chapter 14 Fascism and the radical right
    • Defining fascism
    • Case study 14.1: The ‘threat’ from the far right
    • Fascism in Italy
      • Nationalism and war
      • Corporativism, violence, and the state
      • Intellectual roots
    • Fascism in Germany – national socialism
      • A brief history
      • The ‘socialism’ in national socialism
      • The broad outlines of national socialist thought
    • Radical right thought
      • Spengler and decline
      • Jünger, technology, and the individual
      • Evola and tradition
      • Strands and tensions in radical right thought
    • The intelligence services and the far right
• Part 4 Contemporary Ideologies
  • Chapter 15 Feminism
    • Feminism or feminisms?
    • Case study 15.1: Fertility outsourcing
    • Liberal feminism
      • Mary Wollstonecraft
      • John Stuart Mill
      • Liberal feminism in Britain and the United States
      • Radical feminist critiques
      • Socialist feminist critiques
      • Other critiques
    • Socialist feminism
      • Engels’ contribution
      • Bebel and later socialists
      • The domestic labour debate
      • Liberal feminist critique
      • Radical feminist critique
      • Black feminist and philosophical feminist critiques
    • Radical feminism
      • Liberal feminist critique
      • Socialist feminist critique
      • Black feminist and philosophical feminist critiques
    • Black feminism
      • Liberal, socialist, and radical feminist critiques
      • Philosophical feminist critiques
    • Philosophical feminisms
      • Feminist empiricism
      • Standpoint feminism
      • Postmodern feminism
      • Liberal feminist critique
      • Socialist, radical, and black feminist critiques
    • Reproductive tourism
  • Chapter 16 Multiculturalism
    • Multiculturalism and political theory
    • Case study 16.1: Is multiculturalism bad for women?
      • Culture
      • Race
      • Religion
    • Arguments for and against multiculturalism
      • Multiculturalism as a struggle for recognition
      • Multiculturalism as an extension of liberal rights
      • Multiculturalism as legal pluralism
      • Multiculturalism as hybridity
      • Multiculturalism as allocative efficiency
      • Multiculturalism as intergroup competition
    • Women and multiculturalism
  • Chapter 17 Ecologism
    • Ecologism or environmentalism?
    • Case study 17.1: Is there an argument for nuclear power?
      • Environmental crisis
      • Green politics
      • Environmentalism and other ideologies
    • Aldo Leopold and the land ethic
    • Arne Næss and deep ecology
    • Garrett Hardin and the ethics of the lifeboat
    • Joseph Tainter – energy, complexity, and sustainability
    • The argument so far
    • Critique of ecologism
      • Do ecologists have a plausible account of why we should value ‘nature’?
      • Can ecologists respect the created world – that is, culture?
      • Are ecologists hostile to human rights?
      • Are ecologists hostile to reason and rationality?
      • Is ecologism compatible with human equality?
      • Is ecologism compatible with value pluralism?
    • Nuclear power
• Part 5 Global political theory
  • Chapter 18 Human rights
    • What are human rights?
    • Case study 18.1: Is torture ever right?
      • Human rights after Nuremberg
      • Conceptual ambiguities
    • Human rights conventions
      • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
      • European Convention on Human Rights (1950)
      • The significance of the UDHR and ECHR
    • Justifying human rights
      • Rights – some conceptual issues
      • Relativism versus universalism
      • Intuition and consensus
      • Contractualism
      • Rational entailment
      • Natural right and natural rights
      • Cruelty and solidarity
    • On torture
  • Chapter 19 Global justice
    • Domestic versus global justice
    • Case study 19.1: Famine
      • Singer on famine
      • Sen on famine
      • Ethical and political implications
    • Cosmopolitanism
    • Particularism
    • Institutionalism
  • Chapter 20 Migration
    • Emigration and immigration
    • Case study 20.1: The EU – an experiment in open borders?
      • Empirical evidence
    • Theoretical perspectives
      • Global contractarianism
      • Restrictivist contractarianism
      • Liberal communitarianism
      • Utilitarianism and consequentialism
      • Libertarianism
      • Libertarian consequentialism
      • Ethnonationalism
    • The scramble for Europe
• Index

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