Efnisyfirlit

• Front Matter
  • Brief Contents
  • Full Contents
  • How to Use this Book
• Introduction
  • Contents
  • The Concept of “Theology”: A Brief Introduction
  • The Architecture of Theology
    • Biblical studies
    • Systematic theology
    • Philosophical theology
    • Pastoral theology
    • Church history
  • Historical Theology: Its Purpose and Place
    • The development of historical theology
    • Historical theology as a pedagogic tool
    • Historical theology as a critical tool
    • Historical theology as a resource for systematic theology
• 1 The Patristic Period, c.100–451
  • Contents
  • A Clarification of Terms
  • Difficulties in Approaching Patristic Theology
  • The Historical Background to Patristic Theology
    • The historical importance of the city of Rome
    • The problem of persecution
    • The conversion of Constantine
    • The development of public theological debate
  • Centers of Theological Reflection
  • Key Theologians
    • Justin Martyr (c.100–c.165)
      • Map 1.1 The Roman Empire and the church in the fourth century (note that modern rather than ancient place names are used)
    • Irenaeus of Lyons (c.130–c.200)
    • Origen (c.185–c.254)
    • Tertullian (c.160–c.225)
    • Athanasius (c.296–c.373)
    • Augustine of Hippo (354–430)
  • Key Theological Developments
    • The relation of Christian faith and classical culture
    • The extent of the New Testament canon
    • The role of tradition
    • The fixing of the ecumenical creeds
      • The Apostles’ Creed
    • The two natures of Jesus Christ
    • The doctrine of the Trinity
    • The doctrine of the church
    • The doctrine of grace
  • Key Names, Words, and Phrases
    • Questions
  • Case Studies
    • Case study 1.1 The Bible and tradition
    • Case study 1.2 The Arian controversy: The divinity of Christ
    • Case study 1.3 The Alexandrian Christological school: The Apollinarian controversy
    • Case study 1.4 The Antiochene Christological school: The Nestorian controversy
    • Case study 1.5 The Trinity: Early developments and controversies
      • Modalism
      • The Cappadocian approach to the Trinity
      • Augustine’s model of the Trinity
      • The filioque controversy
    • Case study 1.6 The church: The Donatist controversy
    • Case study 1.7 Grace: The Pelagian controversy
      • The “freedom of the will”
      • The nature of sin
      • The nature of grace
      • The basis of salvation
    • Case study 1.8 Faith and philosophy
• 2 The Middle Ages and the Renaissance, c.500–1500
  • Contents
  • On Defining the “Middle Ages”
  • Medieval Theological Landmarks in Western Europe
    • The Carolingian renaissance
    • The rise of cathedral and monastic schools of theology
    • The religious orders and their “schools of theology”
    • The founding of the universities
    • Peter Lombard’s Four Books of the Sentences
  • The Rise of Scholasticism
  • The Italian Renaissance
  • The Rise of Humanism
  • Medieval Theological Landmarks in Eastern Europe
    • The emergence of Byzantine theology
    • The iconoclastic controversy
    • The hesychastic controversy
    • The fall of Constantinople (1453)
  • Key Theologians
    • John of Damascus
    • Simeon the New Theologian
    • Anselm of Canterbury
    • Thomas Aquinas
    • Duns Scotus
    • William of Ockham
    • Erasmus of Rotterdam
  • Key Theological Developments
    • The consolidation of the patristic heritage
    • The exploration of the role of reason in theology
    • The development of theological systems
    • The development of sacramental theology
    • The development of the theology of grace
    • The role of Mary in the scheme of salvation
    • Returning directly to the sources of Christian theology
    • The critique of the Vulgate translation of Scripture
  • Key Names, Words, and Phrases
    • Questions
  • Case Studies
    • Case study 2.1 Arguments for the existence of God
      • Anselm of Canterbury’s “ontological” argument
      • The “Five Ways” of Thomas Aquinas
    • Case study 2.2 Understandings of the atonement
    • Case study 2.3 The theology of the sacraments
    • Case study 2.4 The interpretation of the Bible
    • Case study 2.5 Renaissance humanism and the Bible
      • Matthew 4: 17
      • Luke 1: 28
    • Case study 2.6 Augustinianism and Pelagianism in late medieval theology
• 3 The Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods, 1500–1750
  • Contents
  • Reformation – or Reformations?
  • A Clarification of Terms
    • The German Reformation – Lutheranism
    • The Swiss Reformation – the Reformed church
    • The radical Reformation – Anabaptism
    • The English Reformation – Anglicanism
    • The Catholic Reformation
    • Protestant Orthodoxy
  • Post-Reformation Movements
    • The consolidation of Catholicism
    • Puritanism
    • Pietism
  • Key Theologians
    • Martin Luther
    • Huldrych Zwingli
    • John Calvin
    • Teresa of Avilà
    • Theodore Beza
    • Johann Gerhard
    • Roberto Bellarmine
    • Jonathan Edwards
  • Key Theological Developments
    • The sources of theology
    • The doctrine of grace
    • The doctrine of the sacraments
    • The doctrine of the church
  • Developments in Theological Literature
    • Catechisms
    • Confessions of faith
    • Works of systematic theology
  • Key Names, Words, and Phrases
    • Questions
  • Case Studies
    • Case study 3.1 Bible and tradition in the Reformation debates
      • The canon of Scripture
      • The authority of Scripture
      • The role of tradition
      • The Catholic position
      • The translation of the Bible
    • Case Study 3.2 Justification by faith: Protestantism and the Council of Trent
      • Martin Luther
      • Forensic justification: Philip Melanchthon and John Calvin
      • The Council of Trent
    • Case study 3.3 The nature of the real presence: Luther, Zwingli, and the Council of Trent
      • Transubstantiation: the Council of Trent
      • Luther: consubstantiation
      • Zwingli: memorialism
    • Case study 3.4 The debate over infant baptism
      • Martin Luther
      • Huldrych Zwingli
      • Anabaptism: Menno Simons
    • Case study 3.5 The doctrine of the church: Trends within Protestantism
      • Martin Luther
      • The radical Reformation
      • John Calvin
    • Case study 3.6 Theology and astronomy: The Copernican and Galileian debates
• 4 The Modern Period, 1750 to the Present Day
  • Contents
  • A Cultural Watershed: The Enlightenment
  • The Enlightenment Critique of Christian Theology
    • The notion of revelation
    • The status and interpretation of the Bible
    • The identity and significance of Jesus Christ
    • The doctrine of the Trinity
    • The critique of miracles
    • The rejection of original sin
    • The problem of evil
  • Romanticism and the Critique of the Enlightenment
  • The Crisis of Faith in Victorian England
  • Postmodernism and a New Theological Agenda
  • Key Theologians
    • F. D. E. Schleiermacher
    • John Henry Newman
    • Karl Barth
    • Paul Tillich
    • Karl Rahner
    • Hans Urs von Balthasar
    • Jürgen Moltmann
    • Wolfhart Pannenberg
  • Some Recent Western Theological Movements and Trends
    • Liberal Protestantism
    • Modernism
    • Neo-orthodoxy
    • Ressourcement, or, la nouvelle théologie
    • Feminism
      • The maleness of God
      • The nature of sin
      • Pastoral theology
      • The person of Christ
    • Liberation theology
      • Biblical hermeneutics
      • The nature of salvation
    • Black theology
    • Postliberalism
      • Systematic theology
      • Christian ethics
    • Radical orthodoxy
  • Key Names, Words, and Phrases
    • Questions
  • Case Studies
    • Case study 4.1 The quests of the historical Jesus
      • The original quest for the historical Jesus
      • The critique of the quest, 1890–1910
      • The retreat from history: Rudolf Bultmann
      • The new quest of the historical Jesus
      • The third quest
    • Case study 4.2 The basis and nature of salvation
      • The relation between Christology and soteriology
      • Interpretations of the work of Christ
      • Sacrifice
      • Christus Victor
      • Legal approaches
      • Exemplarist approaches
      • The Cross: constitutive or illustrative?
      • The nature of salvation
    • Case study 4.3 The debate over the Resurrection
      • The Enlightenment: the Resurrection as non-event
      • David Friedrich Strauss: the Resurrection as myth
      • Rudolf Bultmann: the Resurrection as an event in the experience of the disciples
      • Karl Barth: the Resurrection as an historical event beyond critical inquiry
      • Wolfhart Pannenberg: the Resurrection as an historical event open to critical inquiry
    • Case study 4.4 The Trinity in twentieth-century thought
      • Karl Barth
      • Karl Rahner
      • Robert Jenson
    • Case study 4.5 Twentieth-century discussions of the doctrine of the church
      • Variations on a theme: “Wherever Christ is, there is also the Catholic Church”
      • Vatican II on the church
    • Case study 4.6 Natural theology and the rationality of faith
    • Case study 4.7 The feminist critique of traditional Christian theology
    • Case study 4.8 Christian approaches to other religions
      • The particularist approach
      • The inclusivist approach
      • The pluralist approach
• Back Matter
  • Where Next?
  • Details of Theologians
  • A Glossary of Theological Terms
  • For Further Reading
    • General
    • 1 The Patristic Period, c.100–451
    • Individual Theologians
    • 2 The Middle Ages and the Renaissance, c.500–1500
    • Individual Theologians
    • 3 The Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods, 1500–1750
    • Individual Theologians
    • 4 The Modern Period, 1750 to the Present Day
    • Individual Theologians
  • Sources of Citations
    • Introduction
    • 1 The Patristic Period, c.100–451
    • 2 The Middle Ages and the Renaissance, c.500–1500
    • 3 The Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods, 1500–1750
    • 4 The Modern Period, 1750 to the Present Day
  • Index

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