Ethnography
Námskeið
- MAN601F Vettvangsaðferðir.
Ensk lýsing:
Now in its third edition, this leading introduction to ethnography has been thoroughly updated and substantially rewritten. It offers a systematic introduction to ethnographic principles and practice. New material covers the use of visual and virtual research methods, hypermedia software and the issue of ethical regulation. There is also a new prologue and epilogue. The authors argue that ethnography is best understood as a reflexive process.
What this means is that we must recognize that social research is part of the world that it studies. From an outline of the principle of reflexivity the authors go on to discuss and exemplify main features of ethnographic work, including: the selection and sampling of cases the problems of access observation and interviewing recording and filing data the process of data analysis and writing research reports.
Lýsing:
Now in its fourth edition, this leading introduction to ethnography has been thoroughly updated and substantially rewritten. The volume offers a systematic introduction to ethnographic principles and practice, and includes a new chapter on ‘Ethnography in the digital world’. The authors argue that ethnography is best understood as a reflexive process. This requires recognition that social research is part of the world that it studies, and demands that researchers reflect on how they shape both data and analysis.
Starting in Chapter 1 with an outline of the principle of reflexivity, against the background of competing research philosophies, the authors go on to discuss the main features of ethnographic work, including: the selection and sampling of cases the problem of access field relations and observation interviewing the use of documents recording and organizing data the process of data analysis and writing research reports.
There is also consideration of the ethical issues involved in ethnographic research. Throughout, the discussion draws on a wide range of illustrative material from classic and more recent studies, within a global context. The new edition of this popular textbook will be an indispensable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, and for all researchers using ethnographic methods in the social sciences and the humanities.
Annað
- Höfundar: Martyn Hammersley, Paul Atkinson
- Útgáfa:4
- Útgáfudagur: 2019-04-11
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781351380959
- Print ISBN: 9781138504462
- ISBN 10: 1351380958
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover Page
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures
- Acknowledgements
- Preface to the Fourth Edition
- 1 What is Ethnography?
- What Ethnographers do
- Positivism Versus Naturalism
- Constructionist and Political Critiques of Naturalism
- Reflexivity
- Conclusion
- 2 Research Design: Problems, Cases, and Samples
- Foreshadowed Problems
- The Development of Research Problems
- Selecting Settings and Cases
- Settings and Cases
- Cases and Generalization
- Sampling Within the Case
- Conclusion
- 3 Access
- Approaching the Field
- Gatekeepers
- Covert or Open?
- Conclusion
- 4 Field Relations
- Initial Responses
- Impression Management
- Providing Goods and Services
- Building Relationships
- The Personal Characteristics of the Researcher
- Field Roles
- Managing Marginality
- The Strains and Stresses of Fieldwork
- Leaving the Field
- Conclusion
- 5 Oral Accounts and the Role of Interviewing
- The Value of Accounts as Data
- Unsolicited and Solicited Oral Accounts
- Ethnographic Interviewing: Selecting Informants
- Interviews as Participant Observation
- The Interview as Process
- Types of Question
- Conclusion
- 6 Documents and Artefacts, Real and Virtual
- Documents
- The Social Life of documents
- Artefacts
- Conclusion
- 7 Ethnography in the Digital World
- Ethnography’s Multimodal Character
- Ethnography in Digital Spaces
- Managing Data in a Digital Environment
- Conclusion
- 8 Recording and Organizing Data
- Documents and Other Materials
- Recording Observations and Interviews: Fieldnotes
- Digitally Recording Observations and Interviews
- Analytic Notes and Fieldwork Journals
- Data Storage, Indexing, and Retrieval
- Conclusion
- 9 The Process of Analysis
- Progressive Focusing: Problems, Descriptions, Explanations, Theory
- An Emphasis on Action
- Generating Ideas and ‘Coding the Data’
- Constant Comparative Method: Developing the Central Categories
- Developing Typologies and Models
- Theories and the Comparative Method
- Types of Theory
- Concepts and Indicators
- ‘Respondent Validation’ or ‘Member Checking’
- Triangulation
- Conclusion
- 10 Writing Ethnography
- Styles of Reconstruction
- Types and Instances
- Ethnographic Tropes
- Scenes, Dialogue, and Narrative
- Tragic and Analytic Irony
- Audiences, Styles, and Genres
- Writing and Representations
- Writing, Reflexivity and Responsibility
- 11 Ethics
- Informed Consent
- Consequences for Future Research
- The Issue of Ethical Regulation
- Conclusion
- Epilogue: A Distinctive Analytic Sensibility
- Getting the View from Inside and from Outside
- The Particular Versus the General
- Process Versus Structure
- Discovery Versus Construction
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
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