Lýsing:
Designed as a true introduction to the subject, Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics: Health Economics and Outcomes Research, ThirdEdition includes information on fundamental topics, defines terminology, and provides examples for evaluating published research, making it perfect for any pharmacy student or practitioner new to the topic. This updated edition provides the critical foundations of knowledge for measuring costs and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and evaluating the four types of studies (CMA, CEA, CUA, and CBA); it also explains Markov and Budget Impact Analysis modeling, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using retrospective databases and real-world data (RWD).
Additionally, the text summarizes the use of pharmacoeconomic evaluations by decision makers outside of the United States and the extent to which pharmacoeconomic data are used to make decisions in the United States, includes barriers to its use, and discusses future issues. All of this information is designed to ensure preparedness to improve clinical and humanistic outcomes based on available resources.
Annað
- Höfundur: Karen Rascati
- Útgáfa:3
- Útgáfudagur: 2020-09-22
- Hægt að prenta út 2 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 2 bls.
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781975139469
- Print ISBN: 9781975139445
- ISBN 10: 1975139461
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Reviewers
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- PART I • BASIC TOPICS CHAPTER 1 Introduction
- PHARMACOECONOMICS—WHAT IS IT?
- WHY IS PHARMACOECONOMICS IMPORTANT?
- RELATIONSHIP OF PHARMACOECONOMICS TO OTHER RESEARCH
- TYPES OF PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 2 Measuring and Estimating Costs
- COSTING TERMS
- COST CATEGORIZATION
- ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF CATEGORIZATION OF COSTS
- PERSPECTIVE
- TIMING ADJUSTMENTS FOR COSTS
- RESOURCES FOR COST ESTIMATIONS
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 3 Critiquing Research Articles
- APPROPRIATENESS OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS
- QUESTIONS TO USE WHEN CRITIQUING RESEARCH ARTICLES
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 4 Cost-Minimization Analysis
- OVERVIEW
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 5 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- OVERVIEW
- PRESENTATION OF COSTS AND EFFECTIVENESS
- COST-EFFECTIVENESS GRID
- COST-EFFECTIVENESS PLANE
- INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES VERSUS PRIMARY OUTCOMES
- EFFICACY VERSUS EFFECTIVENESS
- CONSENSUS AND DEBATE
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 6 Cost-Utility Analysis
- OVERVIEW
- STEPS IN CALCULATING QALYS
- TRENDS IN CUA ANALYSES
- INCREMENTAL NET BENEFIT
- CONCERNS ABOUT USING QALYS
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 7 Cost-Benefit Analysis
- DEFINITION AND HISTORY
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CBA
- CONDUCTING A CBA
- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COSTS AND BENEFITS
- MEASURING INDIRECT AND INTANGIBLE BENEFITS
- CALCULATING RESULTS OF COSTS AND BENEFITS
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 8 Health-Related Quality of Life: Health Status Measures
- DEFINITIONS
- HRQoL MEASURES VERSUS UTILITY MEASURES
- DOMAINS OF HEALTH STATUS
- ASSESSING HRQoL INSTRUMENTS
- PHARMACOECONOMICS AND HRQoL MEASURES
- PREFERENCE-BASED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
- PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- PART II • ADVANCED TOPIC CHAPTER 9 Decision Analysis
- WHAT IS DECISION ANALYSIS?
- STEPS IN DECISION ANALYSIS
- THRESHOLD ANALYSIS
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISE
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 10 Markov Modeling
- OVERVIEW
- STEPS IN MARKOV MODELING
- DISADVANTAGES OF MARKOV MODELING
- ADVANCED ISSUES
- OTHER ADVANCED TOPICS
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 11 Real-World Data/Real-World Evidence
- DEFINITIONS OF REAL-WORLD DATA AND REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE
- OVERVIEW OF RWD AND RWE
- RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
- REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RCTS
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RWE
- USE OF RWD/RWE
- TYPES OF RETROSPECTIVE DATABASES
- INSURANCE AND CLAIMS RECORDS
- REGISTRIES
- CRITIQUING RWD STUDIES
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 12 Budget-Impact Analysis*
- OVERVIEW
- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BUDGET-IMPACT ANALYSIS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
- SIX-STEP APPROACH TO BUDGET-IMPACT ANALYSIS
- IMPLEMENTING BUDGET-IMPACT ANALYSES
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READING
- CHAPTER 13 Pharmacy Services
- WHAT ARE PHARMACY SERVICES?
- HISTORY OF PHARMACY SERVICES
- MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT
- REVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 14 International Perspective
- HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES
- COMPARABILITY OF PHARMACOECONOMIC RESULTS BETWEEN COUNTRIES
- HISTORY OF PHARMACOECONOMIC GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS/EXERCISES
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- CHAPTER 15 Future Issues
- APPLICATION OF PHARMACOECONOMICS IN THE UNITED STATES
- BARRIERS TO PHARMACOECONOMICS IN THE UNITED STATES
- VALUE-BASED FRAMEWORKS
- CURATIVE THERAPIES
- VALUE-BASED ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT METHODS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Answers to Questions/Exercises
- Glossary
- Index
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 15539
- Útgáfuár : 2013
- Leyfi : 379