Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright page
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• New to this edition
• Table of Contents
• Notes on Contributors
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• List of Boxes
• How to use this book
  • Reader’s Guides
  • Key Ideas
  • Think Points
  • Background Boxes
  • Case Studies
  • Key Quotes
  • Key Points
  • Glossary Terms
  • Questions
  • Further Reading
  • Important Websites
• Online Resources
  • For Students:
  • For Registered Lecturers:
• 1 Introduction: What is Security Studies?
  • Chapter Contents
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Definition of security
  • 1.3 Structure
    • 1.3.1 Approaches
    • 1.3.2 Deepening and broadening
    • 1.3.3 Traditional and non-traditional
  • 1.4 Conclusion
• Part 1 Approaches to Security
  • 2 Realism
    • Chapter Contents
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 What is realism?
      • 2.2.1 Basic shared elements
      • 2.2.2 Map of the realist family
        • International structure versus states’ motives
        • Divides within structural realism: Waltz versus offensive versus defensive realism
        • Realism and suboptimality
    • 2.3 Waltz’s structural realism
      • 2.3.1 Competition
      • 2.3.2 Balancing
    • 2.4 Offensive realism
      • 2.4.1 Power maximization
      • 2.4.2 Inefficient balancing and buckpassing
    • 2.5 Defensive realism
      • 2.5.1 Risks of competition
      • 2.5.2 Benefits of cooperation
      • 2.5.3 Variation in the security dilemma
      • 2.5.4 Threats and balancing
    • 2.6 Motivational realism
    • 2.7 Realism and war
    • 2.8 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
  • 3 Liberalism and Liberal Internationalism
    • Chapter Contents
    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Characteristic features of liberalism and liberal internationalism
    • 3.3 Central elements in liberalism thinking: commercial liberalism
    • 3.4 Pursuit of human rights
    • 3.5 Liberalism and international organizations
    • 3.6 Liberalism and democracy
    • 3.7 Tracing liberal internationalism’s rise and fall: the Cold War and after
      • 3.7.1 The Cold War
      • 3.7.2 The post-Cold War spread of liberal internationalism
      • 3.7.3 The decline of liberal internationalism
    • 3.8 Liberalism and liberalist internationalism now—under severe strain
      • 3.8.1 New arms build-ups
      • 3.8.2 Resistance to Western values
      • 3.8.3 Domestic disenchantment with Western values
      • 3.8.4 Authoritarian resurgence
      • 3.8.5 Disillusionment with the promotion of liberal internationalism
    • 3.9 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Website
  • 4 Historical Materialism
    • Chapter Contents
    • 4.1 An overview of historical materialism
    • 4.2 Capitalism and neoliberalism: insecurity for labour, security for capital
    • 4.3 Historical materialism, (in)security, and Security Studies
      • 4.3.1 Postcolonialism
      • 4.3.2 Critical Security Studies
      • 4.3.3 Human security
      • 4.3.4 Social constructivism
      • 4.3.5 Gender
      • 4.3.6 Liberalism
      • 4.3.7 Realism
      • 4.3.8 The sectoral approach and securitization
      • 4.3.9 Peace studies
    • 4.4 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 5 Peace Studies
    • Chapter Contents
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 The early years
      • 5.2.1 The universities get involved
    • 5.3 Evolution amidst controversy
      • 5.3.1 A new agenda: environment and poverty
      • 5.3.2 The ‘maximalist’ agenda and structural violence
        • New goals: equality, justice, and dignity
    • 5.4 What is peace studies now?
    • 5.5 Responding to the new security challenges
      • 5.5.1 A choice of responses
    • 5.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 6 Social Constructivism
    • Chapter Contents
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Definitions and key concepts
      • 6.2.1 Identity
      • 6.2.2 Beliefs, collective ideas, and culture
      • 6.2.3 Norms
      • 6.2.4 Mutual constitution
    • 6.3 Wendt’s three cultures of anarchy
    • 6.4 Conventional and critical constructivism
    • 6.5 Critiques of constructivism
    • 6.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Website
  • 7 Critical Security Studies: A Schismatic History
    • Chapter Contents
    • 7.1 Introduction: ‘Follow the sign of the gourd’
    • 7.2 Toronto desire: Critical Security Studies
    • 7.3 Copenhagen distinctions
    • 7.4 Aberystwyth exclusions
    • 7.5 Constructing security
    • 7.6 Everyone’s other: poststructuralism and security
    • Anna Stavrianakis, ‘Legitimising Liberal Militarism’ (2016)
    • Chris Rossdale, Resisting Militarism (2019)
    • 7.7 Beyond divisions? CASEing the joint or returning the gift?
    • 7.8 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
  • 8 Critical Security Studies II —Narratives of Security: Other Stories, Other Actors
    • Chapter Contents
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Secret agents and power bases
    • 8.3 The subject of ‘smart’ bombs
    • 8.4 Complicated subjects: children
    • 8.5 Indigenous peoples and a cautionary tale
    • 8.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Acknowledgement
  • 9 Postcolonialism
    • Chapter Contents
    • 9.1 Introduction
    • 9.2 A view from elsewhere: genealogies of the postcolonial
      • 9.2.1 Edward Said and Orientalism
      • 9.2.2 Subaltern Studies
    • 9.3 Security and the colonizer’s view of the world
    • 9.4 Decolonizing security: strategies
    • 9.5 Conclusion: should we ‘forget security studies’?
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 10 Human Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Arguments for human security
      • 10.2.1 Commission on Human Security
      • 10.2.2 International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) and the Responsibility to Protect
      • 10.2.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
      • 10.2.4 The International Criminal Court
    • 10.3 The genealogy of human security: what’s new?
      • 10.3.1 The genealogy of human security
    • 10.4 Critiques of human security
      • 10.4.1 Too broad to be useful
      • 10.4.2 National interest and co-optation
      • 10.4.3 Liberal reformist tool of global capitalism
      • 10.4.4 Neo-colonial
    • 10.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 11 Gender and Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Representations
    • 11.3 Practical context I: war
    • 11.4 Practical context II: civilian life
    • 11.5 Practical context III: the post-conflict environment
    • 11.6 Multiple perceptions, same realities?
    • 11.7 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 12 Securitization Theory
    • Chapter Contents
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 From Copenhagen to the world: The evolution of securitization theory from the 1980s to the 2020s
      • 12.2.1 A ‘new framework for analysis’: The Copenhagen School
      • 12.2.2 Evolutions of securitization theory in the 21st century
    • 12.3 Main empirical cases in securitization research
      • 12.3.1 Migration
      • 12.3.2 Religion
      • 12.3.3 The environment and climate change
      • 12.3.4 Health
    • 12.4 Challenges and critiques facing securitization theory
    • 12.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 13 Popular Culture and Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 What do we mean by popular culture?
    • 13.3 What makes popular culture so politically relevant?
    • 13.4 The expansion of Security Studies and the growing interest in popular culture
    • 13.5 The role of popular culture in conflict management
      • 13.5.1 Shaping basic beliefs about conflict and its rationale
      • 13.5.2 Constructing enemy images
    • 13.6 Popular culture and the struggle over ‘soft power’
      • 13.6.1 Popular culture as a source of state (soft) power
      • 13.6.2 Popular culture and soft power competition between states
      • 13.6.3 The limitations of using pop culture to advance state interests
    • 13.7 Popular culture and the making of peace
    • 13.8 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
• Part 2 Deepening and Broadening Security
  • 14 Military Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 14.1 Introduction
    • 14.2 Approaches to military security
    • 14.3 Traditional military-security studies
    • 14.4 War
    • 14.5 Alliances and neutrality
    • 14.6 Deterrence
    • 14.7 Cooperative security and arms control
    • 14.8 The cost of military security
    • 14.9 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 15 Regime Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 15.1 Introduction
    • 15.2 Public versus regime security
    • 15.3 Threats to regime security
    • 15.4 The regime insecurity loop
    • 15.5 Security strategies of patrimonial regimes
      • 15.5.1 Coercion
      • 15.5.2 Accommodation
      • 15.5.3 Manipulation
    • 15.6 Anatomy of a weak state: Assad’s Syria
    • 15.7 Prospects for regimes in the developing world
    • 15.8 Conclusion: The need for sustainable governance
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 16 Societal Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 16.1 Introduction
    • 16.2 A duality of state and societal security
    • 16.3 Society and societal identity
    • 16.4 Threats to societal identity
      • 16.4.1 The five sectors of security
      • 16.4.2 Immigration and the rise of right-wing populism
      • 16.4.3 Genocide, ‘culturecide’, and the Yugoslav wars
    • 16.5 Defending societal identity
      • 16.5.1 Non-military means of defence
    • 16.6 Conclusion
      • 16.6.1 The charge of reification
      • 16.6.2 Who speaks for society?
      • 16.6.3 The dangers of voicing societal security
      • 16.6.4 Two ‘generations’ of societal security and their applications
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 17 Environmental Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 17.1 Introduction
    • 17.2 The origins of environmental security
    • 17.3 Major interpretations of environmental security
    • 17.4 Environmental change and violent conflict
    • 17.5 Environmental change and national security
    • 17.6 Armed forces, war, and the environment
    • 17.7 Environmental change and human security
    • 17.8 Environment or security?
    • 17.9 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 18 Economic Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 18.1 Introduction
    • 18.2 Economic science of security
      • 18.2.1 Overview of economic theory
      • 18.2.2 Five vectors of economic incentives
        • Goals
        • Resource constraints
        • Institutional constraints
        • Information
        • Time
    • 18.3 Economic tools of security policy
      • 18.3.1 Sanctions
      • 18.3.2 Trade
      • 18.3.3 Finance
      • 18.3.4 Aid
    • 18.4 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 19 Globalization, Development, and Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 19.1 Introduction
    • 19.2 Globalization as a neoliberal ideology for development
      • 19.2.1 Globalization as a concept
      • 19.2.2 Neoliberalism and contemporary globalization
      • 19.2.3 A neoliberal ideology for development
      • 19.2.4 The legacy of structural adjustment programmes
    • 19.3 Neoliberalism and the fostering of inequality
      • 19.3.1 The rising inequality between and within nations
      • 19.3.2 Inequality between nations
      • 19.3.3 Inequality within nations
    • 19.4 Global inequality as a threat to global security
    • 19.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
• Part 3 Traditional and Non-Traditional Security
  • 20 Coercive Diplomacy: Countering War-Threatening Crises and Armed Conflicts
    • Chapter Contents
    • 20.1 Introduction
    • 20.2 What is coercive diplomacy?
    • 20.3 Requirements for success
    • 20.4 The challenge of defining success
    • 20.5 The importance of the strategic context
    • 20.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 21 Weapons of Mass Destruction
    • Chapter Contents
    • 21.1 Introduction
    • 21.2 Nuclear weapons
      • 21.2.1 Nuclear-weapons effects
      • 21.2.2 Methods of delivery
      • 21.2.3 Impact on international politics
    • 21.3 Chemical weapons
      • 21.3.1 Chemical-weapons effects
      • 21.3.2 Methods of delivery
      • 21.3.3 Impact on international politics
    • 21.4 Biological weapons
      • 21.4.1 Biological-weapons effects
      • 21.4.2 Methods of delivery
      • 21.4.3 Impact on international politics
    • 21.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 22 Terrorism
    • Chapter Contents
    • 22.1 Introduction
    • 22.2 Concepts and definitions
      • 22.2.1 Definition of terrorism
      • 22.2.2 Techniques and targets
      • 22.2.3 Prevalence of terrorism
    • 22.3 Types and causes of terrorism
      • 22.3.1 Categories
      • 22.3.2 Causes
    • 22.4 Security measures
      • 22.4.1 Prevention
      • 22.4.2 Responses
      • 22.4.3 International measures
      • 22.4.4 Civil liberties in peril
    • 22.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 23 Humanitarian Intervention
    • Chapter Contents
    • 23.1 Introduction
    • 23.2 The case for humanitarian intervention
    • 23.3 The case against humanitarian intervention
    • 23.4 The Responsibility to Protect
    • 23.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 24 Energy Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 24.1 Introduction
    • 24.2 The problem of energy security
      • 24.2.1 The energy–security ‘nexus’
    • 24.3 Energy security and International Relations theory
      • 24.3.1 Liberalism and energy security
      • 24.3.2 Realism and energy security
      • 24.3.3 Historical materialism and energy security
    • 24.4 Energy security and human insecurity
    • 24.5 Energy security and the United States
      • 24.5.1 US hegemony, oil, and intervention in the Middle East
      • 24.5.2 US strategy of diversification
    • 24.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 25 The Weapons Trade
    • Chapter Contents
    • 25.1 Introduction
    • 25.2 History and shifting dynamics of the defence trade
    • 25.3 Contemporary trends in the weapons trade
    • 25.4 The illicit arms trade
    • 25.5 Controlling the weapons trade
    • 25.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 26 Health and Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 26.1 Introduction
    • 26.2 Health and human security
    • 26.3 Health and national security
      • 26.3.1 SARS
      • 26.3.2 Ebola
      • 26.3.3 COVID-19 Pandemic
    • 26.4 Health and bio-security
    • 26.5 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 27 Transnational Crime
    • Chapter Contents
    • 27.1 Introduction
    • 27.2 Definitions and key concepts
      • 27.2.1 Useful concepts: networks and markets
      • 27.2.2 Markets and globalization
    • 27.3 ‘Crime–terror nexus’
    • 27.4 Organized crime and the state
    • 27.5 Case study: organized crime in Mexico
    • 27.6 State responses to transnational crime
    • 27.7 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 28 Cyber-Security
    • Chapter Contents
    • 28.1 Introduction
    • 28.2 Security and cyberspace
      • 28.2.1 The inherent insecurity of computer networks
      • 28.2.2 Computer vulnerabilities and threat agents
      • 28.2.3 Hacking into a system
      • 28.2.4 Cyber-incidents
    • 28.3 Types of cyber-threats
      • 28.3.1 Hacktivism
      • 28.3.2 Cyber-crime
      • 28.3.3 Cyber-espionage and cyber-exploitation
      • 28.3.4 Cyber-terrorism
      • 28.3.5 Cyber-influence operations
      • 28.3.6 Cyber-related violations of human rights/repression
      • 28.3.7 Cyber-war
    • 28.4 The reality of cyber-conflict
    • 28.5 Reducing cyber-in-security
    • 28.6 Conclusion
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
  • 29 After the Return to Theory: The Past, Present, and Future of Security Studies
    • Chapter Contents
    • 29.1 Introduction
    • 29.2 The origins and institutional structure of security studies
    • 29.3 The Golden Age of security studies
    • 29.4 Institutionalization and stagnation
    • 29.5 Disciplinary questioning and theoretical relaunch
    • 29.6 Conclusion: the powers of theory and the challenges of the future
    • Questions
    • Further Reading
    • Important Websites
• Glossary
• References
• Index

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