Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Authors
• Chapter Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• PART 1: Introduction and Basic Concepts
  • 1 Definition and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis
    • Science: Basic Characteristics and a Definition
    • A Brief History of Behavior Analysis
    • Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis
    • A Definition of Applied Behavior Analysis
    • Summary
  • 2 Basic Concepts and Principles
    • Behavior
    • Environment
    • Respondent Behavior
    • Operant Behavior
    • Recognizing the Complexity of Human Behavior
    • Summary
• PART 2: Selecting, Defining, and Measuring Behavior
  • 3 Selecting and Defining Target Behaviors
    • Role of Assessment in Applied Behavior Analysis
    • Assessment Methods Used by Behavior Analysts
    • Assessing the Social Significance of Potential Target Behaviors
    • Prioritizing Target Behaviors
    • Defining Target Behaviors
    • Setting Criteria for Behavior Change
    • Summary
  • 4 Measuring Behavior
    • Definition and Functions of Measurement in Applied Behavior Analysis
    • Measurable Dimensions of Behavior
    • Methods for Measuring Behavior
    • Measuring Behavior by Permanent Products
    • Measurement Tools
    • Selecting a Measurement Method
    • Summary
  • 5 Improving and Assessing the Quality of Behavioral Measurement
    • Indicators of Trustworthy Measurement
    • Threats to Valid Measurement
    • Threats to Accurate and Reliable Measurement
    • Assessing the Accuracy and Reliability of Behavioral Measurement
    • Using Interobserver Agreement to Assess Behavioral Measurement
    • Summary
• PART 3: Evaluating and Analyzing Behavior Change
  • 6 Constructing and Interpreting Graphic Displays of Behavioral Data
    • Purpose and Benefits of Graphic Displays of Behavioral Data
    • Graphs Used by Applied Behavior Analysts
    • Constructing Line Graphs
    • Interpreting Graphically Displayed Behavioral Data
    • Summary
  • 7 Analyzing Behavior Change: Basic Assumptions and Strategies
    • Concepts and Assumptions Underlying the Analysis of Behavior
    • Components of Applied Behavior Analysis Experiments
    • Steady State Strategy and Baseline Logic
    • Summary
  • 8 Reversal and Multielement Designs
    • Reversal Design
    • Multielement Design
    • Summary
  • 9 Multiple Baseline and Changing Criterion Designs
    • Multiple Baseline Design
    • Changing Criterion Design
    • Summary
  • 10 Planning and Evaluating Applied Behavior Analysis Research
    • Importance of the Individual Subject in Behavior Analysis Research
    • Importance of Flexibility in Experimental Design
    • Internal Validity: Controlling Potential Sources of Confounding in Experimental Design
    • Social Validity: Assessing the Applied Value of Behavior Changes and the Treatments That Accomplish
    • External Validity: Replicating Experiments to Determine the Generality of Research Findings
    • Evaluating Applied Behavior Analysis Research
    • Summary
• PART 4: Reinforcement
  • 11 Positive Reinforcement
    • Positive Reinforcement Defined
    • Classifying Reinforcers
    • Identifying Potential Reinforcers
    • Control Procedures for Positive Reinforcement
    • Using Reinforcement Effectively
    • Summary
  • 12 Negative Reinforcement
    • Definition of Negative Reinforcement
    • Escape and Avoidance Contingencies
    • Characteristics of Negative Reinforcement
    • Applications of Negative Reinforcement
    • Changes in Teacher and Caregiver Responding as a Function of Negative Reinforcement
    • Ethical Considerations in Using Negative Reinforcement
    • Summary
  • 13 Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Intermittent Reinforcement
    • Defining Basic Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Schedule Effects and Consistency of Performance
    • Thinning Intermittent Reinforcement
    • Variations on Basic Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Compound Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Perspectives on Using Schedules of Reinforcement in Applied Settings
    • Summary
• PART 5: Punishment
  • 14 Positive Punishment
    • Definition and Characteristics of Punishment
    • Factors That Influence the Effectiveness of Punishment
    • Possible Side Effects and Problems with Punishment
    • Positive Punishment Interventions
    • Guidelines for Using Punishment
    • Ethical Considerations Regarding the use of Punishment
    • Concluding Perspectives
    • Summary
  • 15 Negative Punishment
    • Time-Out from Positive Reinforcement Defined
    • Time-Out Tactics for Applied Settings
    • Using Time-Out Effectively
    • Response Cost Defined
    • Response Cost Methods
    • Using Response Cost Effectively
    • Response Cost Considerations
    • Summary
• PART 6: Antecedent Variables
  • 16 Motivating Operations
    • Definition and Characteristics of Motivating Operations
    • Distinguishing Between MOs and SDs
    • Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMOs)
    • MOs for Punishment
    • Multiple Effects of MOs
    • Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs)
    • Relevance of MOs to the Generality of Treatment Effects
    • Relevance of MOs to Applied Behavior Analysis
    • Summary
  • 17 Stimulus Control
    • Stimulus Control: Basic Concepts and Processes
    • Developing Stimulus Control
    • Transferring Stimulus Control
    • Summary
• PART 7: Verbal Behavior
  • 18 Verbal Behavior
    • Skinner’s (1957) Analysis of Verbal Behavior
    • The Verbal Operants and Listener Behavior in More Detail
    • Listener Behavior
    • Autoclitic Verbal Behavior
    • Applications of Skinner’s (1957) Analysis of Verbal Behavior
    • Applications to Language Assessment and Intervention
    • The Loss of Verbal Behavior
    • Summary
• PART 8: Developing New Behavior
  • 19 Equivalence-based Instruction
    • Research Foundations and Core Concepts
    • Designing Equivalence-Based Instruction
    • Applications and Generality
    • Applications Stemming from Alternative Theoretical Approaches to Relational Responding
    • Concluding Remarks
    • Summary
  • 20 Engineering Emergent Learning with Nonequivalence Relations
    • What are Nonequivalence Relations? Why do They Matter?
    • The Vocabulary of Nonequivalence Relations
    • Some Types of Nonequivalence Relations
    • Theoretical Foundations
    • Nonequivalence Relations and Big-Picture Psychological Constructs
    • Derived Stimulus Relations and General Well-Being
    • A Final Comment
    • Summary
  • 21 Imitation, Modeling, and Observational Learning
    • Imitation
    • Modeling
    • Observational Learning
    • Summary
  • 22 Shaping
    • Shaping Defined
    • Shaping Across and Within Response Topographies
    • Increasing Shaping Efficiency
    • Clicker Training
    • Emerging Applications of Shaping
    • Shaping Guidelines
    • Learning to Shape
    • Summary
  • 23 Chaining
    • Behavior Chain Defined
    • Rationale for Chaining
    • Establishing Behavior Chains with Task Analysis
    • Behavior Chaining Methods
    • Choosing a Chaining Method
    • Disrupting and Breaking Behavior Chains
    • Troubleshooting Chains
    • Factors Affecting the Performance of Behavior Chains
    • Summary
• PART 9: Decreasing Behavior with Nonpunishment Procedures
  • 24 Extinction
    • Extinction Defined
    • Extinction Procedures
    • Secondary Effects of Extinction
    • Variables Affecting Resistance to Extinction
    • Using Extinction Effectively
    • When Not to Use Extinction
    • Summary
  • 25 Differential Reinforcement
    • Differential Reinforcement Defined
    • Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)
    • Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
    • Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)
    • Summary
  • 26 Antecedent Interventions
    • Defining and Classifying Antecedent Interventions
    • Noncontingent Reinforcement
    • High-Probability Instructional Sequence
    • Functional Communication Training
    • Default Interventions
    • Summary
• PART 10: Functional Assessment
  • 27 Functional Behavior Assessment
    • Functions of Behavior
    • Role of Functional Behavior Assessment in Intervention and Prevention
    • Overview of FBA Methods
    • Conducting a Functional Behavior Assessment
    • Case Examples Illustrating the FBA Process
    • Summary
• PART 11: Special Applications
  • 28 Token Economy, Group Contingencies, and Contingency Contracting
    • Token Economy
    • Group Contingencies
    • Contingency Contracting
    • Summary
  • 29 Self-Management
    • The “Self” as Behavior Controller
    • Self-Management Defined
    • Applications, Advantages, and Benefits of Self-Management
    • Antecedent-Based Self-Management Tactics
    • Self-Monitoring
    • Self-Administered Consequences
    • Other Self-Management Tactics
    • Suggestions for Effective Self-Management Programs
    • Behavior Changes Behavior
    • Summary
• PART 12: Promoting Generalized Behavior Change
  • 30 Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
    • Generalized Behavior Change: Definitions and Key Concepts
    • Planning for Generalized Behavior Change
    • Strategies and Tactics for Promoting Generalized Behavior Change
    • Modifying and Terminating Successful Interventions
    • Guiding Principles for Promoting Generalized Outcomes
    • Summary
• PART 13: Ethics
  • 31 Ethical and Professional Responsibilities of Applied Behavior Analysts
    • What Is Ethics and Why Is It Important?
    • Standards of Professional Practice for Applied Behavior Analysts
    • Ensuring Professional Competence
    • Ethical Issues in Client Services
    • Coordinating with Other Professionals
    • Social Media and New Technologies
    • Advocating for the Client
    • Conflict of Interest
    • Creating a Culture of Ethical Practice
    • Conclusion
    • Summary
• Epilogue
• Glossary
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
• Bibliography
• Name Index
• Subject Index

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