Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• List of abbreviations
• 1. Introduction to Physiology
  • Introduction
  • The Cell
  • Cells and Tissues
  • The Structural Organization of the Body
  • Metabolism
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 2. The Reproductive and Urinary Systems
  • Introduction
  • The Urinary System
  • The Female Reproductive Tract
  • The Male Reproductive Tract
  • Gametogenesis
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 3. Endocrinology
  • Introduction
  • What is endocrinology?
  • The Evolution of Endocrinology
  • Classification of Hormones
  • Hormone Transport
  • Hormonal Regulation
  • Hormone Action
  • Endocrine Glands, Hormones and Reproduction
  • Fetal Endocrinology
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 4. Reproductive Cycles
  • Introduction
  • The Luteal Phase
  • Regulation of Gonadotrophin Secretion
  • Cyclical Effects of Oestrogens and Progesterone
  • Menstruation
  • Hormonal Causes of Infertility
  • Artificial Control of Fertility
  • Menopause
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 5. Sexual Differentiation and Behaviour
  • Introduction
  • Differentiation Into Male and Female
  • Development of Male Morphology
  • Development of Female Morphology
  • Indeterminate Sex
  • Sexual Behaviour
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 6. Fertilization
  • Introduction
  • Coitus (Copulation)
  • The Gametes
  • Stages of Fertilization
  • Development Before Implantation
  • Parental Imprinting
  • Twins
  • Implantation
  • Maternal Recognition of the Pregnancy
  • Causes of Infertility
  • Assisted Reproductive Technology (Art or Artificial Fertilization)
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 7. Overview of Human Genetics and Genetic Disorders
  • Introduction
  • A Brief History of Genetics
  • Genes and Chromosomes
  • The Structure of DNA and RNA
  • DNA Replication and Cell Division
  • The Genetic Message
  • Mutation
  • Meiosis
  • Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
  • Prediction of Genetic Outcomes
  • Characteristics of Different Types of Inheritance
  • Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Epigenetics and Imprinting
  • Genetic Screening
  • Evolution
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 8. The Placenta
  • Introduction
  • Uterine Receptivity
  • Differentiation into Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast
  • Extravillous Cytotrophoblast and Remodelling of the Uterine Vessels
  • Vascularization of the Placental Villi
  • Development of the Discoid Placenta and Chorionic Membrane
  • Development of the Amnion (Inner Membrane)
  • Growth and Maturation of the Placental Villi
  • Placental Blood Flow
  • Placental Transport Mechanisms
  • Placental Hormone Production
  • The Allantois and Yolk Sac
  • The Placenta at Term
  • Examination of the Placenta
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 9. Embryo Development and Fetal Growth
  • Introduction
  • Embryonic Week 2
  • Embryonic Week 3
  • Embryonic Weeks 4–8: Organogenesis
  • Ninth Week to Birth: Fetal Period
  • Development of Organ Systems
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 10. Overview of Immunology
  • Introduction
  • The Evolution of the Immune System
  • Overview of the Immune System
  • The Immune System in Pregnancy
  • Acceptance of the Fetus
  • Effects of Pregnancy on the Immune System
  • Fetal and Neonatal Passive Immunity
  • Vulnerability of the Neonate
  • Other Immunological Aspects of Pregnancy
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 11. Physiological Adaptation to Pregnancy
  • Introduction
  • Endocrine Changes in Pregnancy
  • The Reproductive System
  • The Cardiovascular System
  • The Respiratory System
  • The Renal System
  • The Gastrointestinal System
  • The Skin and Appearance
  • The Skeleton and Joints
  • Vision
  • The Nose and Larynx
  • Sleep
  • Carbohydrate Metabolism
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 12. Maternal Nutrition and Health
  • Introduction
  • Overview of Nutrition
  • Preconceptual Nutritional Status
  • Non-Nutritional Factors Affecting Reproductive Function
  • Nutritional Requirements in Pregnancy
  • Undernutrition in Pregnancy
  • Maternal Obesity
  • Lifestyle Issues
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 13. Physiology of Parturition
  • Introduction
  • Stages of Labour
  • The Uterus at Term
  • Initiation of Parturition
  • The Timing of Parturition
  • The Evolutionary Context of Human Labour
  • The First Stage of Labour
  • The Second Stage of Labour
  • The Third Stage of Labour
  • The Effects of Labour on Maternal Physiology
  • Nutrition in Labour
  • The Effects of Labour on the Fetus
  • The Fetal Skull and Fetal Presentation
  • Pain in Labour
  • Position in Labour
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 14. The Puerperium
  • Introduction
  • Physiological and Structural Changes
  • Lochia
  • Sleep
  • Psychological State
  • The Role of the Midwife
  • Complications of the Puerperium
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 15. The Transition to Neonatal Life
  • Introduction
  • The Cardiovascular System
  • The Respiratory System
  • Temperature Regulation
  • The Neonatal Liver
  • The Gastrointestinal System at Birth
  • The Kidneys
  • The Nervous System
  • Sleep and Behavioural States
  • The Skin and Immune System
  • Normal Neonatal Transition
  • Initial Examination of the Newborn
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• 16. Lactation and Infant Nutrition
  • Introduction
  • Anatomy of the Breast
  • Breast Growth and Development
  • Physiology of Lactation
  • Suckling and Milk Transfer
  • Involution
  • Problems Associated with Lactation
  • Inhibition of Fertility
  • Maternal Behaviour
  • Nutrition of the Lactating Mother
  • Infant Nutrition and the Composition of Human Milk
  • Immunological Properties of Human Milk
  • Formula Feeding
  • Complementary Feeding (Weaning)
  • Key Points
  • Application to Practice
• Index

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