Efnisyfirlit

• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Preface to the Third Edition
• List of Abbreviations
• 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Phonetics and phonology
  • 1.2 Theory and analysis
  • 1.3 Applications of phonetics and phonology
  • 1.4 Outline of this book
  • Exercises
• 2 Segmental Articulation
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 A functional overview of the speech production process
  • 2.3 The organs of speech
  • 2.4 Describing speech sounds
  • 2.5 Airstream mechanisms
  • 2.6 Modes of phonation
  • 2.7 Vocalic sounds
  • 2.8 Duration and glide in vocalic articulations
  • 2.9 Consonantal sounds
  • 2.10 Vocal tract place
  • 2.11 Tongue position
  • 2.12 Manner of articulation
  • 2.13 Stricture
  • 2.14 Force
  • 2.15 Length
  • 2.16 Voice onset
  • Exercises
• 3 Units of Speech
  • Introduction
  • 3.1 Identifying the units of speech
  • 3.2 Complex articulations
  • 3.3 Nasalization
  • 3.4 Labialization
  • 3.5 Palatalization
  • 3.6 Velarization and pharyngealization
  • 3.7 Affrication
  • 3.8 Double articulation
  • 3.9 Vowel retroflexion
  • 3.10 Diphthongization
  • 3.11 Syllabicity
  • 3.12 Segmentation and structure
  • 3.13 Diphthongs and related phenomena
  • 3.14 Interpretations
  • Exercises
• 4 The Phonemic Organization of Speech
  • Introduction
  • 4.1 Phonetic variability
  • 4.2 The phoneme
  • 4.3 Allophones
  • 4.4 Phonemic norms
  • 4.5 Pattern and symmetry
  • 4.6 Phonological reality
  • 4.7 Units and boundaries
  • 4.8 Invariance and overlap
  • 4.9 Biuniqueness and neutralization
  • 4.10 Morphophonemic alternations
  • 4.11 Free variation
  • 4.12 The sounds of the world’s languages
  • Exercises
• 5 The Generative Approach to Phonology
  • Introduction
  • 5.1 The origins of generative phonology
  • 5.2 The sound pattern of English
  • 5.3 Basic rule notation in generative phonology
  • 5.4 Formalism and evaluation
  • 5.5 Abbreviatory devices in rule notation
  • 5.6 Rule order
  • 5.7 Functional considerations
  • 5.8 Naturalness and markedness
  • 5.9 Abstractness
  • Exercises
• 6 The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Conventions of anatomical description
  • 6.3 The nervous system
  • 6.4 The respiratory system
  • 6.5 The larynx
  • 6.6 Phonation
  • 6.7 The pharynx
  • 6.8 The velum and the nasal cavity
  • 6.9 The oral cavity
  • 6.10 The tongue
  • 6.11 The lips
  • 6.12 The mandible
  • Exercises
• 7 The Acoustics of Speech Production
  • Introduction
  • 7.1 The nature of sound
  • 7.2 The propagation of sound
  • 7.3 Simple harmonic motion
  • 7.4 Complex vibrations
  • 7.5 Resonance
  • 7.6 Basic amplitude properties of sound waves
  • 7.7 Time domain properties of sound waves
  • 7.8 Frequency domain properties of sound waves
  • 7.9 Some basic perceptual properties of sound waves
  • 7.10 The acoustic model of speech production
  • 7.11 Phonation as a sound source
  • 7.12 Sources of frication
  • 7.13 The vocal tract filter in vowel production
  • 7.14 Spectrographic analysis of speech
  • 7.15 Acoustic properties of vowel quality
  • 7.16 The vocal tract filter in consonant production
  • 7.17 The acoustic properties of consonants in syllables
  • 7.18 The relationship between articulatory and acoustic properties of speech production
  • 7.19 Acoustic features of prosody
  • Exercises
• 8 Speech Perception
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 The auditory system
  • 8.3 Psychophysical properties of the auditory system
  • 8.4 Speech intelligibility
  • 8.5 Acoustic-phonetic perception
  • 8.6 Vowel perception
  • 8.7 Consonant perception
  • 8.8 Units of perception
  • 8.9 Prosodic perception
  • 8.10 Word recognition
  • 8.11 Models of speech perception
  • 8.12 Conclusion
  • Exercises
• 9 Prosody
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 The phonetic basis of suprasegmentals
  • 9.3 The systemic organization of prosody
  • 9.4 Tone languages
  • 9.5 Pitch-accent languages
  • 9.6 Stress in English
  • 9.7 Stress assignment
  • 9.8 Intonation in English
  • 9.9 Tones and break indices
  • Exercises
• 10 Feature Systems
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Acoustic features
  • 10.3 Articulatory features
  • 10.4 Perceptual features
  • 10.5 Distinctive features
  • 10.6 Cover features
  • 10.7 Abstract features
  • 10.8 Accuracy and universality
  • 10.9 Universal feature systems
  • 10.10 Features and discreteness
  • 10.11 Hierarchical organization of features
  • 10.12 Feature geometry
  • 10.13 Overview
  • Exercises
• 11 The Progress of Phonology
  • Introduction
  • 11.1 Currents of theory
  • 11.2 Phonetics and phonology before the twentieth century
  • 11.3 The phoneme
  • 11.4 The traditions of phonetics
  • 11.5 Phonology in North America
  • 11.6 The Prague School
  • 11.7 Glossematics and stratificational phonology
  • 11.8 Firthian prosodic phonology
  • 11.9 Generative phonology
  • 11.10 Natural generative phonology
  • 11.11 Natural phonology
  • 11.12 Autosegmental and CV phonology
  • 11.13 Metrical phonology
  • 11.14 Lexical phonology
  • 11.15 Dependency phonology
  • 11.16 Optimality theory
  • 11.17 Prosodic phonology
  • 11.18 Phonology in the laboratory
  • 11.19 Conclusion
  • Exercises
• Appendix 1: Phonetic Symbols
  • 1.1 Vowel symbols
  • 1.2 Consonant symbols
  • 1.3 Diacritics and conventions for complex articulations
  • 1.4 Symbols used in transcription of English
• Appendix 2: Features
  • 2.1 Jakobson and Halle’s distinctive features
  • 2.2 Chomsky and Halle’s universal set of phonetic features
  • 2.3 Ladefoged’s ‘Traditional Features’
  • 2.4 Components in dependency phonology
• References
• Index
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z

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