Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Animations
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Structure and Function—How the Architecture of the Lung Subserves Its Function
  • Blood-Gas Interface
  • Airways and Airflow
  • Blood Vessels and Flow
  • Stability of Alveoli
  • Removal of Inhaled Particles
  • Removal of Material from the Blood
  • Chapter 1: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 2 Ventilation—How Gas Gets to the Alveoli
  • Lung Volumes
  • Ventilation
  • Anatomic Dead Space
  • Physiologic Dead Space
  • Regional Differences in Ventilation
  • Chapter 2: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 3 Diffusion—How Gas Gets Across the Blood-Gas Barrier
  • Laws of Diffusion
  • Diffusion and Perfusion Limitations
  • Oxygen Uptake Along the Pulmonary Capillary
  • Measurement of Diffusing Capacity
  • Reaction Rates with Hemoglobin
  • Interpretation of Diffusing Capacity for CO
  • CO2 Transfer Across the Pulmonary Capillary
  • Chapter 3: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 4 Blood Flow and Metabolism—How the Pulmonary Circulation Removes Gas from the Lung and Alters Some Metabolites
  • Pressures Within Pulmonary Blood Vessels
  • Pressures Around Pulmonary Blood Vessels
  • Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
  • Measurement of Pulmonary Blood Flow
  • Distribution of Blood Flow
  • Active Control of the Circulation
  • Water Balance in the Lung
  • Other Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation
  • Metabolic Functions of the Lung
  • Chapter 4: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 5 Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships—How Matching of Gas and Blood Determines Gas Exchange
  • Oxygen Transport from Air to Tissues
  • Hypoventilation
  • Diffusion Limitation
  • Shunt
  • The Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
  • Effect of Altering the Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio of a Lung Unit
  • Regional Gas Exchange in the Lung
  • Effect of Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality on Overall Gas Exchange
  • Distributions of Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios
  • Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality as a Cause of CO2 Retention
  • Measurement of Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality
  • Chapter 5: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 6 Gas Transport by the Blood—How Gases Are Moved to and from the Peripheral Tissues
  • Oxygen
    • Dissolved O2
    • Combination with Hemoglobin
    • O2 Dissociation Curve
  • Carbon Dioxide
    • CO2 Carriage
    • CO2 Dissociation Curve
  • Acid-Base Status
    • Respiratory Acidosis
    • Respiratory Alkalosis
    • Metabolic Acidosis
    • Metabolic Alkalosis
  • Blood-Tissue Gas Exchange
    • Diffusion
    • Tissue Po2
    • Mixed Venous Po2
  • Chapter 6: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 7 Mechanics of Breathing—How the Lung Is Supported and Moved
  • Muscles of Respiration
    • Inspiration
    • Expiration
  • Elastic Properties of the Lung
    • Pressure-Volume Curve
    • Compliance
    • Surface Tension
  • Cause of Regional Differences in Ventilation
    • Airway Closure
  • Elastic Properties of the Chest Wall
  • Airway Resistance
    • Airflow Through Tubes
    • Measurement of Airway Resistance
    • Pressures During the Breathing Cycle
    • Chief Site of Airway Resistance
    • Factors Determining Airway Resistance
    • Dynamic Compression of Airways
    • Forced Expiration Test
  • Additional Causes of Uneven Ventilation
  • Tissue Resistance
  • Work of Breathing
    • Work Done on the Lung
    • Total Work of Breathing
  • Mechanics of Positive Pressure Breathing
  • Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 8 Control of Ventilation—How Gas Exchange Is Regulated
  • Central Controller
    • Brainstem
    • Cortex
    • Other Parts of the Brain
  • Effectors
  • Sensors
    • Central Chemoreceptors
    • Peripheral Chemoreceptors
    • Lung Receptors
    • Other Receptors
  • Integrated Responses
    • Response to Carbon Dioxide
    • Response to Oxygen
    • Response to pH
    • Response to Exercise
  • Ventilatory Control During Sleep
  • Abnormal Patterns of Breathing During Sleep
  • Chapter 8: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 9 Respiratory System Under Stress—How Gas Exchange Is Accomplished During Exercise, at Low and High Pressures, and at Birth
  • Exercise
  • High Altitude
    • Hyperventilation
    • Polycythemia
    • Other Physiological Changes at High Altitude
    • Permanent Residents of High Altitude
  • O2 Toxicity
    • Absorption Atelectasis
  • Space Flight
  • Increased Pressure
    • Barotrauma
    • Decompression Sickness
    • Inert Gas Narcosis
    • O2 Toxicity
    • Hyperbaric O2 Therapy
  • Polluted Atmospheres
  • Perinatal Respiration
    • Placental Gas Exchange
    • The First Breath
    • Circulatory Changes
  • Respiration in Infancy
    • Mechanics and Airflow
    • Gas Exchange
    • Control of Breathing
  • Chapter 9: Multiple Choice Questions
• Chapter 10 Tests of Pulmonary Function—How Respiratory Physiology Is Applied to Measure Lung Function
  • Uses of Pulmonary Function Testing
  • Ventilation
    • Forced Expiration
    • Lung Volumes
  • Diffusion
  • Blood Flow
  • Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
    • Topographical Distribution of Ventilation and Perfusion
    • Inequality of Ventilation
    • Inequality of Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios
  • Blood Gases and pH
  • Mechanics of Breathing
    • Lung Compliance
    • Airway Resistance
    • Closing Volume
  • Control of Ventilation
  • Exercise
  • Chapter 10: Multiple Choice Questions
• Appendix A—Symbols, Units, and Equations
• Appendix B—Answers
• Index

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