Urban Geography: A Global Perspective

Námskeið
- LAN604M Borgalandfræði
.
Ensk lýsing:
Today, for the first time in the history of Humankind urban dwellers outnumber rural residents. Urban places, towns and cities, are of fundamental importance – for the distribution of population within countries; in the organization of economic production, distribution and exchange; in the structuring of social reproduction and cultural life; and in the allocation and exercise of power. Furthermore, in the course of the present century the number of urban dwellers and level of global urbanisation are destined to increase.
Even those living beyond the administrative or functional boundaries of a town or city will have their lifestyle influenced to some degree by a nearby, or even distant, city. The analysis of towns and cities is a central element of all social sciences including geography, which offers a particular perspective on and insight into the urban condition. The principal goal of this third edition of the book remains that of providing instructors and students of the contemporary city with a comprehensive introduction to the expanding field of urban studies.
The structure of the first two editions is maintained, with minor amendments. Each of the thirty chapters has been revised to incorporate recent developments in the field. All of the popular study aids are retained; the glossary has been expanded; and chapter references and notes updated to reflect the latest research. This third edition also provides new and expanded discussions of key themes and debates including detailed consideration of metacities, boomburgs, public space, urban sprawl, balanced communities, urban economic restructuring, poverty and financial exclusion, the right to the city, urban policy, reverse migration , and traffic and transport problems.
The book is divided into six main parts. Part one outlines the field of urban geography and explains the importance of a global perspective. Part two explores the growth of cities from the earliest times to the present day and examines the urban geography of the major world regions. Part three considers the dynamics of urban structure and land use change in Western cities. Part four focuses on economy, society and politics in the Western city.
In part five attention turns to the urban geography of the Third World, where many of the countries experiencing highest rates or urban growth are least well equipped to respond to the economic, social, political and environmental challenge. Finally part six affords a prospective on the future of cities and cities of the future. New to this edition are: further readings based on the latest research; updated data and statistics; an expanded glossary; new key concepts; additional study questions; and a listing of useful websites.
Lýsing:
Today, for the first time in the history of Humankind urban dwellers outnumber rural residents. Urban places, towns and cities, are of fundamental importance – for the distribution of population within countries; in the organization of economic production, distribution and exchange; in the structuring of social reproduction and cultural life; and in the allocation and exercise of power. Furthermore, in the course of the present century the number of urban dwellers and level of global urbanisation are destined to increase.
Even those living beyond the administrative or functional boundaries of a town or city will have their lifestyle influenced to some degree by a nearby, or even distant, city. The analysis of towns and cities is a central element of all social sciences including geography, which offers a particular perspective on and insight into the urban condition. The principal goal of this third edition of the book remains that of providing instructors and students of the contemporary city with a comprehensive introduction to the expanding field of urban studies.
The structure of the first two editions is maintained, with minor amendments. Each of the thirty chapters has been revised to incorporate recent developments in the field. All of the popular study aids are retained; the glossary has been expanded; and chapter references and notes updated to reflect the latest research. This third edition also provides new and expanded discussions of key themes and debates including detailed consideration of metacities, boomburgs, public space, urban sprawl, balanced communities, urban economic restructuring, poverty and financial exclusion, the right to the city, urban policy, reverse migration , and traffic and transport problems.
The book is divided into six main parts. Part one outlines the field of urban geography and explains the importance of a global perspective. Part two explores the growth of cities from the earliest times to the present day and examines the urban geography of the major world regions. Part three considers the dynamics of urban structure and land use change in Western cities. Part four focuses on economy, society and politics in the Western city.
In part five attention turns to the urban geography of the Third World, where many of the countries experiencing highest rates or urban growth are least well equipped to respond to the economic, social, political and environmental challenge. Finally part six affords a prospective on the future of cities and cities of the future. New to this edition are: further readings based on the latest research; updated data and statistics; an expanded glossary; new key concepts; additional study questions; and a listing of useful websites.
Annað
- Höfundur: Michael Pacione
- Útgáfa:3
- Útgáfudagur: 2009-03-16
- Blaðsíður: 736
- Hægt að prenta út 2 bls.
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781134043088
- Print ISBN: 9780415462020
- ISBN 10: 1134043082
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Preface to the third edition
- Acknowledgements
- Prologue
- Introduction
- Copyright acknowledgements
- PART ONE: THE STUDY OF URBAN GEOGRAPHY
- Chapter 1 Urban geography: from global to local
- Introduction
- Global trigger factors
- Globalisation
- Glocalisation: the localisation of the global
- The question of space and scale
- Local and historical contingency
- Processes of urban change
- Urban outcomes
- Why study urban geography?
- Chapter 2 Concepts and theory in urban geography
- Introduction
- The scope of urban geography
- Defining the urban
- The significance of space and place
- The value of the urban dimension
- A brief history of urban geography
- In search of common ground
- Levels of analysis in urban geography
- Chapter 1 Urban geography: from global to local
- Chapter 3 The origins and growth of cities
- Introduction
- Preconditions for urban growth
- Theories of urban origins
- Early urban hearths
- The spread of urbanism
- Urban revival in Western Europe
- The medieval town
- The preconditions for industrial urbanism
- Early modern urbanism
- The form of the industrial city
- Residential segregation
- Housing the poor
- The other side of the coin
- The origins of urban USA
- The westward progress of urbanism
- Post-industrial urbanism
- The quartering of urban space
- The post-industrial/postmodern city
- Chapter 4 The global context of urbanisation and urban change
- Introduction
- The urbanisation of the globe
- The changing distribution of the world’s urban population
- The causes of urban growth
- Urbanisation and economic growth
- The urbanisation cycle
- A ‘stages of urban development’ model
- Types of urbanised regions
- Chapter 5 Regional perspectives on urbanisation and urban change
- Introduction
- North America
- Latin America and the Caribbean
- Western Europe
- East and Central Europe
- Asia and the Pacific
- Africa
- Chapter 6 National urban systems
- Introduction
- National urban systems and the outside world
- Types of places in the national urban system
- Theories of the urban system
- Chapter 7 Land use in the city
- Introduction
- Urban morphogenesis
- Ecological models of the city
- Modifications of the classical urban models
- A political economy perspective
- Major actors in the production of the built environment
- Growth coalitions
- The central business district
- Urban architecture
- Public space in the postmodern city
- Architecture and urban meaning
- The social construction of the urban landscape
- Chapter 8 Urban planning and policy
- Introduction
- The roots of urban planning
- Post-war urban planning in the UK
- Urban policy in the UK
- Urban planning in the USA
- Planning the socialist city
- Socialist urban form
- Towards planning for sustainable urban development
- Chapter 9 New towns
- Introduction
- The British new towns
- New towns in Europe
- New towns in the Third World
- New communities in the USA
- Chapter 10 Residential mobility and neighbourhood change
- Introduction
- Why people move
- The decision to move
- The search for a new home
- Housing markets
- Neighbourhood change
- Housing abandonment
- Gentrification
- Chapter 11 Housing problems and housing policy
- Introduction
- Trends in housing tenure in the UK
- Public housing in the USA
- Housing affordability
- Homelessness
- Strategies to improve housing quality
- Alternative housing strategies
- Balanced communities
- Chapter 12 Urban retailing
- Introduction
- Shopertainment
- Spaces and places of consumption
- The spatial switching of retail capital
- Urban retail structure
- The changing structure of urban retailing
- The growth of suburban shopping centres in North America
- The impact of retail decentralisation on the US CBD
- Concentration versus decentralisation in Britain
- Disadvantaged consumers
- Chapter 13 Urban transportation
- Introduction
- Patterns of travel demand
- The urban transport problem
- Responses to the urban transport problem
- Transport and sustainable urban development
- Chapter 14 The economy of cities
- Introduction
- The world/global economy
- The world economy in the post-war era
- Transnational corporations and the state in the global economy
- New production systems and new industrial spaces
- Deindustrialisation and tertiarisation
- The nature of work and the division of labour
- Urban change within the global economy
- Chapter 15 Poverty and deprivation in the Western city
- Introduction
- Theories of deprivation
- The nature of deprivation
- The underclass
- Dimensions of multiple deprivation
- Financial exclusion
- The geography of deprivation
- The inner-city problem
- The outer-city problem
- Deprivation and the area-based approach
- Chapter 16 National and local responses to urban economic change
- Introduction
- Urban regeneration in the UK from the top down
- Urban policy in the USA
- Public–private partnerships
- Property-led regeneration
- Cultural industries and urban reconstruction
- Urban tourism and downtown redevelopment
- The market-led approach to urban development
- Urban regeneration from the bottom up
- The community/social economy
- The black economy
- Chapter 17 Collective consumption and social justice in the city
- Introduction
- Welfare needs and provision
- The changing nature of the welfare state
- The theory of public goods
- Theories of public-service provision
- Efficiency, equity and equality in public service provision
- The suburban exploitation thesis
- Deinstitutionalisation
- Educational services in the city
- Social justice and welfare
- Chapter 18 Residential differentiation and communities in the city
- Introduction
- The identification of residential areas
- Sense of place
- Difference and identity in the city
- The urban community
- The bases of residential segregation
- Ethnic areas in the US city
- Ethnic areas in the British city
- Chapter 19 Urban liveability
- Introduction
- Rating places
- Theories of urban impact
- Environmental stressors
- Site design and social behaviour
- Residential satisfaction
- Urban sub-areas
- Women in the city
- Elderly people in the city
- Young people in the city
- Disabled people in the city
- Towards the liveable city
- Chapter 20 Power, politics and urban governance
- Introduction
- The role of local government
- Constraints on local government
- The spatial structure of local government
- City growth, annexation and incorporation in the USA
- Negative consequences of fragmented government
- The politics of secession
- Metropolitan government
- Power in the city
- Participation strategies
- Urban social movements
- Chapter 21 Third World urbanisation within a Global Urban System
- Introduction
- Urbanisation in the First and Third Worlds
- Theories of urbanisation and development
- Third World urbanisation in historical context
- Stages of colonial urbanisation
- Peripheral urbanisation
- Exo-urbanisation
- Urbanisation by implosion
- Chapter 22 Internal structure of Third World cities
- Introduction
- Cities of Latin America
- Africa’s cities
- Cities of the Middle East and North Africa
- The city in South Asia
- The South East Asian city
- The Chinese city
- Chapter 23 Rural–urban migration in the Third World
- Introduction
- Why people move
- Structural determinants of migration
- Who migrates?
- Migration strategies
- The policy response
- Chapter 24 Urban economy and employment in the Third World
- Introduction
- The evolution of the Third World urban economy
- The structure of the urban economy
- Employment relations in the Third World urban economy
- Labour market structure
- Job access
- Unemployment, underemployment and misemployment
- Women in the labour force
- Child labour
- The household economy and coping strategies
- Chapter 25 Housing the Third World urban poor
- Introduction
- The main sources of housing for the urban poor
- Housing sub-markets and the urban poor
- Squatter settlements
- Security of tenure
- Housing finance
- Urban land markets and the poor
- Informal settlements: generative or parasitic?
- Government housing policy
- Chapter 26 Environmental problems in Third World cities
- Introduction
- The domestic environment
- The workplace environment
- The neighbourhood environment
- The city environment
- The city’s ecological footprint
- Chapter 27 Health in the Third World City
- Introduction
- The epidemiological transition
- Factors determining health status
- An urban penalty?
- Intra-urban variations in health
- Diseases of the urban poor
- Primary health care and the urban poor
- Malnutrition
- Combating urban malnutrition
- Integrated approaches to primary health care
- Chapter 28 Traffic and transport in the Third World city
- Introduction
- Traffic problems
- Transport and Third World urban form
- Public transport
- Non-motorised transport
- Rail-based transit systems
- Urban transport strategies in the Third World
- Chapter 29 Poverty, power and politics in the Third World city
- Introduction
- The social relations of power
- Partiality, inequality and the soft state
- The bases of social power
- Patron–client relations
- Urban social movements
- Community-based organisations
- Christian base communities
- Urban NGOs in the Third World
- Community participation in Third World urban governance
- Globalisation and social justice
- Chapter 30 The future of the city – cities of the future
- Introduction
- Sustainable urban development
- Urban metabolism
- Towards the city of the future
- The study of urban geography
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