Efnisyfirlit

• Brief Contents
• Detailed Contents
• Preface
• Prologue: Basic Mathematics Review
• Chapter 1: Introduction
  • Why Study Statistics?
  • The Role of Statistics in Scientific Inquiry
  • The Goals of This Text
  • Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
  • Discrete and Continuous Variables
  • Level of Measurement
  • Summary
  • Glossary
  • Problems
  • You Are the Researcher
• Part I: Descriptive Statistics
  • Chapter 2: Basic Descriptive Statistics: Tables, Percentages, Ratios and Rates, and Graphs
    • Frequency Distributions for Nominal-Level Variables
    • Enhancing Clarity: Percentages and Proportions
    • Frequency Distributions for Ordinal-Level Variables
    • Frequency Distributions for Interval-Ratio-Level Variables
    • Ratios, Rates, and Percentage Change
    • Using Graphs to Present Data
    • Interpreting Statistics: Changing Patterns of American Family Life
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 3: Measures of Central Tendency
    • The Mode
    • The Median
    • Other Measures of Position: Percentiles, Deciles, and Quartiles
    • The Mean
    • Three Characteristics of the Mean
    • Choosing a Measure of Central Tendency
    • Interpreting Statistics: Choosing a Measure of Central Tendency to Describe Income
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 4: Measures of Variation
    • The Range (R) and Interquartile Range (Q)
    • Computing the Range and Interquartile Range
    • The Standard Deviation and Variance
    • Computing the Standard Deviation: An Additional Example
    • Visualizing Variation: Boxplots
    • Interpreting the Standard Deviation
    • Interpreting Statistics: The Changing Distribution of Income in the United States
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Reseacher
  • Chapter 5: The Normal Curve
    • Properties of the Normal Curve
    • Using the Normal Curve
    • The Normal Curve Table (Appendix A)
    • Finding the Total Area Above and Below a Score
    • Finding Areas between Two Scores
    • Using the Normal Curve to Estimate Probabilities
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
    • Part I Cumulative Exercises
• Part II: Inferential Statistics
  • Chapter 6: Introduction to Inferential Statistics: Sampling and the Sampling Distribution
    • Probability Sampling: Basic Concepts and Terms
    • EPSEM Sampling Techniques
    • The Sampling Distribution
    • The Sampling Distribution: An Additional Example Using the General Social Survey (GSS)
    • Symbols and Terminology
    • Summary
    • Glossary
    • Problems
  • Chapter 7: Estimation Procedures
    • Estimation Selection Criteria: Bias and Efficiency
    • Interval Estimation Procedures
    • Interval Estimation Procedures Using Sample Means (Large Samples)
    • Interval Estimation Procedures Using Sample Proportions (Large Samples)
    • Computing Confidence Intervals: A Summary
    • Controlling the Width of Interval Estimates
    • Interpreting Statistics: Predicting Election Outcomes and Judging the Performance of the President
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing I: The One-Sample Case
    • An Overview of Hypothesis Testing
    • The Five-Step Model for Hypothesis Testing
    • Choosing a One-Tailed or Two-Tailed Test
    • Selecting an Alpha Level
    • The Student's t Distribution
    • Tests of Hypothesis for Single-Sample Proportions (Large Samples)
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
  • Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing II: The Two-Sample Case
    • The One-Sample Case versus the Two-Sample Case
    • Hypothesis Testing with Sample Means (Large Samples)
    • Hypothesis Testing with Sample Means (Small Samples)
    • Hypothesis Testing with Sample Proportions (Large Samples)
    • The Limitations of Hypothesis Testing: Significance versus Importance
    • Interpreting Statistics: Is There a Statistically Significant Gender Gap in Income?
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 10: Hypothesis Testing III: The Analysis of Variance
    • The Logic of the Analysis of Variance
    • The Computation of ANOVA
    • An Example of Computing the Analysis of Variance
    • A Test of Significance for ANOVA
    • An Additional Example of Computing and Testing the Analysis of Variance
    • The Limitations of the Test
    • Interpreting Statistics: Does Sexual Activity Vary by Age?
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 11: Hypothesis Testing IV: Chi Square
    • Bivariate Tables
    • The Logic of Chi Square
    • The Computation of Chi Square
    • The Chi Square Test for Independence
    • Column Percentages
    • The Chi Square Test: An Additional Example
    • Chi Square and the Goodness-of-Fit Test
    • The Limitations of the Chi Square Test
    • Interpreting Statistics: Family Values and Social Class
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
    • Part II Cumulative Exercises
• Part III: Bivariate Measures of Association
  • Chapter 12: Bivariate Association for Nominal- and Ordinal-Level Variables
    • Association and Bivariate Tables
    • Three Characteristics of Bivariate Associations
    • Measures of Association: Introduction
    • Measures of Association for Nominal Variables
    • Measures of Association for Collapsed Ordinal Variables
    • A Measure of Association for Continuous Ordinal Variables: Spearman's Rho (rs)
    • Interpreting Statistics Age and Concern for the Environment
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 13: Association between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level
    • Scatterplots and Regression Analysis
    • The Regression Line
    • Computing and Interpreting the Regression Coefficients (a and b)
    • Predicting Scores on Y with the Least-Squares Regression Line
    • The Correlation Coefficient (Pearson's r)
    • Interpreting the Correlation Coefficient r2
    • The Correlation Matrix
    • Correlation, Regression, Level of Measurement, and Dummy Variables
    • Testing Pearson's r for Significance
    • Interpreting Statistics: The Correlates of Crime
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
    • Part III Cumulative Exercises
• Part IV: Multivariate Techniques
  • Chapter 14: Elaborating Bivariate Tables
    • Controlling for a Third Variable
    • Interpreting Partial Tables
    • Partial Gamma (Gp)
    • Where Do Control Variables Come From?
    • The Limitations of Elaborating Bivariate Tables
    • Interpreting Statistics: Another Look at Concern for the Environment
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
  • Chapter 15: Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation
    • Partial Correlation
    • Multiple Regression: Predicting the Dependent Variable
    • Multiple Regression: Assessing the Effects of the Independent Variables
    • Multiple Correlation
    • Interpreting Statistics: Another Look at the Correlates of Crime
    • The Limitations of Multiple Regression and Correlation
    • Summary
    • Summary of Formulas
    • Glossary
    • Problems
    • You Are the Researcher
    • Part IV Cumulative Exercises
• Appendix A: Area under the Normal Curve
• Appendix B: Distribution of t
• Appendix C: Distribution of Chi Square
• Appendix D: Distribution of F
• Appendix E: Using Statistics: Ideas for Research Projects
• Appendix F: An Introduction to SPSS
• Appendix G: Codebooks for All Data Sets
• Answers to Odd-Numbered End-of-Chapter Problems and Cumulative Exercises
• Glossary
• Index

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