Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Halftitle
• Title
• Copyright
• Brief Table of Contents
• Detailed Table of Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• Acknowledgements
• Guided Tour
• Transform learning with Connect
• Smarter studying with smartbook
• Improve your Study, Research & Writing Skills
• 1 Introducing Social Psychology
  • What is Social Psychology?
  • A Brief History of Social Psychology
    • 1908: A Crucial Year?
    • The ‘Crisis’ in Social Psychology
  • Social Psychology and Human Values
    • Obvious Ways Values Enter Psychology
    • Not So Obvious Ways Values Enter Psychology
    • The Subjective Aspects of Science
    • Psychological Concepts Contain Hidden Values
  • Social Psychology’s Key Ideas
    • We Construct our Social Reality
    • Social Intuitions are Powerful but Can Be Perilous!
    • Social Influences Shape our Behaviour
    • Genetic Heritage and Individual Dispositions Influence Behaviour
    • Behaviour is Shaped by Intragroup and Intergroup Relations
    • Social Psychological Processes are Biologically Rooted
    • Social Psychology’s Principles are Applicable in Everyday Life
  • Summing Up: Introducing Social Psychology
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 2 Research Methods in Social Psychology
  • I Knew it All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?
  • Approaches to Doing Research
    • Quantitative Social Psychology
    • Qualitative Social Psychology
    • Some General Observations on the Two Approaches
  • Quantitative Research
    • Correlational Research: Exploring Associations
    • Experimental Research: Searching for Cause and Effect
    • Focus On: Daryl Bem and the Replication Crisis in Social Psychology
  • Qualitative Research
    • Collecting Data in Qualitative Research
    • Qualitative Data Analysis
  • Research Ethics
  • Summing Up: Research Methods In Social Psychology
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 3 The Self
  • Spotlights and Illusions
    • Research Close-Up: Are Liars Easy to Detect?
  • Self-concept: Who Am I?
    • Self-knowledge
    • Research Close-Up: An Illusion of Conscious Will
    • The Social Self
    • Self and Culture
  • Self-esteem
    • Self-esteem Motivation
    • The ‘Dark Side’ of Self-esteem
    • Self-love
  • Self-serving Bias
    • Explaining Positive and Negative Events
    • Can We All Be Better than Average?
    • Unrealistic Optimism
    • False Consensus and Uniqueness
    • Reflections on Self-esteem and Self-serving Bias
  • Perceived Self-control
    • Locus of Control
    • Learned Helplessness Versus Self-determination
  • Impression Management
    • False Modesty
    • Self-handicapping
    • Self-presentation
    • Loss of Self
    • Focus On: Are We Witnessing an Epidemic of Narcissism Among Younger Generations?
  • Summing Up: The Self
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 4 Social Beliefs and Judgements
  • Perceiving Our Social World
    • Priming
    • Categorical Thinking
    • Perceiving and Interpreting Events
    • Belief Perseverance
    • Constructing Memories of Ourselves and Our Worlds
  • Judging Our Social World
    • Intuitive Judgements
    • Social Schema Theory
    • Social Encoding
    • Overconfidence
    • Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts
    • Illusory Thinking
    • Research Close-Up: Heuristics and Illusions of Control in Slot Machine Gamblers
    • Moods and Judgements
  • Explaining Our Social World
    • Attributing Causality: to the Person or the Situation
    • The Fundamental Attribution Error
    • Intergroup Attribution
    • Communicating Our Social World: Social Representations Theory and a Thinking Society
    • Research Close-Up: Can the Way We Retrieve Information from Memory Affect How We Judge Other People?
  • Expectations of Our Social World
    • Teacher Expectations and Student Performance
    • Getting from Others What We Expect
  • Conclusions
    • Focus On: How Do We Know if We are Poor Judges of Social Reality or Highly Efficient at These Judgements?
  • Summing Up: Social Beliefs and Judgements
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 5 Attitudes and Behaviour
  • Organization of Attitudes
    • Formation of Attitudes
    • Function of Attitudes
    • Measuring Attitudes
    • Research Close-Up: Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Attitudes toward Non-Drinkers
  • How Well Do our Attitudes Predict our Behaviour?
    • When Attitudes Predict Behaviour
    • When Social Influences on What We Say Are Minimal
    • When Other Influences on Behaviour Are Minimal
    • When Attitudes Specific to the Behaviour Are Examined
    • When Attitudes Are Potent
    • Research Close-Up: Assessing Public Attitudes and Behaviour to Household Waste in Cameroon
  • When Does our Behaviour Affect our Attitudes?
    • Role Playing
    • When Saying Becomes Believing
    • Evil and Moral Acts
  • Why Does our Behaviour Affect our Attitudes?
    • Presenting Consistency
    • Self-justification: Cognitive Dissonance
    • Self-perception
    • Self-presentation: Expressions and Attitude
    • Overjustification and Intrinsic Motivations
    • Comparing the Theories
  • Attitudes as Social Actions
    • Focus On: Do Attitudes to Conservation and the Environment Predict Protective Behaviours towards Wildlife?
  • Summing Up: Attitudes and Behaviour
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 6 Persuasion
  • What Paths Lead to Persuasion?
    • The Central Route
    • The Peripheral Route
    • Different Routes for Different Purposes
    • Just One Route to Persuasion?
  • The Elements of Persuasion and their Relationship to Social Norms
    • Who Says? The Communicator
    • What Is Said? The Message Content
    • How Is It Said? The Channel of Communication
    • Research Close-Up: I Know this Brand, But Did I Like the Ad?
    • To Whom Is It Said? The Audience
    • How Old Are They?
    • Research Close-Up: Adult Residents’ Perceptions of Neighbourhood Safety
  • Extreme Persuasion: How Do Cults Indoctrinate?
    • Attitudes Follow Behaviour
    • Persuasive Elements
    • Group Effects
  • How Can Persuasion Be Resisted?
    • Strengthening Personal Commitment
    • Real-life Applications: Inoculation Programmes
    • Implications of Attitude Inoculation
    • Focus On: The Lucifer Effect: Bad Apples or Bad Barrels?
  • Summing Up: Persuasion
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 7 Conformity and Obedience
  • What Is Conformity?
  • What are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
    • Sherif’s Studies of Norm Formation
    • Research Close-Up: Contagious Yawning
    • Asch’s Studies of Group Pressure
    • Milgram’s Studies of Obedience
    • What Breeds Obedience?
    • Reflections on the Classic Studies
    • Banality of Evil or Celebration of Virtue?
    • Infrahumanization
    • Laboratory and Everyday Life
    • Research Close-Up: Judging Our Own and Others’ Misdeeds
  • What Predicts Conformity?
    • Group Size
    • Unanimity
    • Social Impact Theory
    • Status
    • Public Response
    • No Prior Commitment
  • Why Conform?
    • Culture
  • Who Conforms?
    • Personality
    • Group Identity
    • Would People Still Obey Today?
    • Conformity as Entertainment?
    • Gender Differences in Conformity?
    • Research Close-Up: A Virtual Replication of Milgram’s Obedience Study
  • Do We Ever Want to Be Different?
    • Reactance
    • Asserting Uniqueness
    • Focus On: The Ordinary Monster
  • Summing Up: Conformity and Obedience
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 8 Aggression
  • What Is Aggression?
  • Some Theories of Aggression
    • Aggression as a Biological Phenomenon
    • Aggression as a Response to Frustration
    • Aggression as Learned Social Behaviour
  • Some Influences on Aggression
    • Aversive Incidents
    • Research Close-Up: Harassment Online
    • Aggression Cues: the Influence of the Environment
    • Media Influences: Pornography and Sexual Violence
    • Media Influences: Television
    • Media Influences: Video Games
    • Gender and Aggression
  • Can Aggression Be Reduced?
    • Catharsis?
    • Research Close-Up: Can Self-control and Mindfulness Help to Reduce Aggression?
    • A Social Learning Approach
    • Focus On: Teaching Them a Lesson: Motivations for Driver Aggression
  • Summing Up: Aggression
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 9 Attraction and Intimacy
  • What Leads to Friendship and Attraction?
    • Where do you Find your Partner?
    • Online Dating
    • Physical Attractiveness
    • Similarity Versus Complementarity
    • Evaluative Conditioning
  • What Is Love?
    • Passionate Love
    • Companionate Love
    • Polyamory
  • What Enables Close Relationships?
    • Commitment
    • Attachment
    • Equity
    • Self-disclosure
    • Research Close-Up: Does Love Mean Never Having to Say You’re Sorry?
  • How Do Relationships End?
    • Focus On: Sexuality and Attraction: Are There Real Differences?
  • Summing Up: Attraction and Intimacy
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 10 Helping
  • Altruism and Helping
  • Why Do We Help?
    • Social Exchange and Social Norms
    • Research Close-Up: Young Children are Intrinsically Motivated to See Others Helped
    • Evolutionary Explanations
    • Genuine Altruism
  • When Will We Help?
    • Number of Bystanders
    • Similarity
    • Research Close-Up: Identity and Emergency Intervention
  • Who Will Help?
    • Personality, Gender and Age
    • Religious Faith
  • How Can We Increase Helping?
    • Reduce Ambiguity, Increase Responsibility
    • Guilt and Concern for Self-Image
    • Socializing Altruism
    • Focus On: The Benefits – and the Costs – of Empathy-Induced Altruism
  • Summing Up: Helping
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 11 Small Group Processes
  • What Is a Group?
    • The Structure and Composition of Groups
  • Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
    • The Mere Presence of Others
    • Research Close-Up: An Experiment on the Social Facilitation of Gambling Behaviour
    • Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?
  • Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
    • Many Hands make Light Work
    • Social Loafing in Everyday Life
    • Research Close-Up: The Frustrating Experience of Free-Riders in Group Work
  • Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify our Opinions?
    • The Case of the ‘Risky Shift’
    • Do Groups Intensify Opinions?
    • Explaining Polarization
  • Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder Or Assist Good Decisions?
    • Symptoms of Groupthink
    • Preventing Groupthink
    • Group Problem Solving
  • How Do Minorities Influence the Group?
    • Consistency
    • Self-confidence
    • Defections from the Majority
    • Focus On: Have Small Group Processes such as Risky Shift and Groupthink Contributed to Cyber-bullying?
  • Summing Up: Small Group Processes
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 12 Social Categorization and Social Identity
  • A Categorized Social World
    • Level of Category Inclusiveness
    • Category Prototypes and Exemplars
    • The Accentuation Effect
    • Social Categories and Stereotypes
    • The Social Categorization of the Self
  • Social Identity
    • People Conform to Majorities Categorized as Ingroup
    • People Convert to Minorities Seen as Ingroup
    • Why Are Ingroup Members Especially Influential?
    • Research Close-Up: Laughing: The Influence of the Ingroup
    • Leaders as ‘Entrepreneurs of Social Identity’
    • Social Identity and Respect
    • Social Identity and Help
  • Group Identity Norms, Deviance and Schism
    • The Black Sheep Effect
    • When Deviance and Criticism from the Inside Are Accepted
    • Research Close-Up: Evaluating Deviants In Individualistic and in Collectivistic Cultures
    • Peripheral Group Members
    • Contested Identities and Schism
  • Social Identity Motives
    • The Self-esteem Motive
    • The Distinctiveness Motive
    • The Motive to Belong
    • The Motive to Achieve Symbolic Immortality
    • The Motive for Uncertainty Reduction
  • Social Identity and Health
    • Social Identity and Symptom Perception
    • Social Identity and Health Behaviour
    • Social Identity, Positive Physiological Processes and Health
  • The Development of Social Categorization and Social Identity
    • Social Categorization in Children
    • The Beginnings of Self-categorization
    • From Self-categorization to Social Identity
    • Social Identity and Derogation of Ingroup Deviants
    • Focus On: The Group in the Mind
  • Summing Up: Social Categorization and Social Identity
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 13 Prejudice, Intergroup Relations and Conflict
  • Understanding Prejudice
    • What Is Prejudice?
    • Explanations for Prejudice
    • The Social Context of Prejudice
    • The Language of Prejudice
    • Subtle and Implicit Prejudice
  • Intergroup Conflict
    • Realistic Conflict Theory
    • Categorization, Stereotyping and Social Groups
    • Research Close-Up: The Robbers Cave Experiment
    • Social Comparison
  • Crowds
    • The Group Mind
    • Deindividuation
    • Emergent Norm Theory
    • Social Identity Theory and Crowds
    • Research Close-Up: The Psychology of Tyranny
  • Intergroup Harmony
    • Contact
    • Communication
    • Focus On: Is Prejudice All in our Heads?
  • Summing Up: Prejudice, Intergroup Relations and Conflict
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 14 Biology, Culture and Gender
  • How Are We Influenced by Human Nature and Cultural Diversity?
    • Genes, Evolution and Behaviour
    • Neurobiology and Culture
    • Cultural Diversity
    • Cultural Similarity
  • How Does Biology and Culture Explain Sex and Gender?
    • Sex and Gender Similarities and Differences
    • Independence Versus Connectedness
    • Social Dominance
    • Research Close-Up: Don’t Stand So Close to Me? The Influence of Sex and Gender on Interpersonal Distance
  • Genes, Culture and Gender: Doing What Comes Naturally?
    • Gender and Hormones
    • Culture and Gender
    • The Social Construction of Sex and Gender
  • How Does Evolutionary Psychology Explain Gender?
    • Evolutionary Psychology and the Evolved Mind
    • Evolutionary Paradoxes?
  • What Can We Conclude About Genes and Culture?
    • Genes and Culture
    • The Power of the Situation and the Person
    • Focus On: Mind the Gap: From Sexed Brains to Gendered Behaviour
  • Summing Up: Biology, Culture and Gender
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• 15 Applied Social Psychology
  • Social Psychology in the Workplace
    • Motivating People to Work
    • Stress and Well-Being in the Workplace
    • Leaders and Leadership
    • Focus On: Diversity and Leadership
    • Teamwork and Group Decisions
  • Social Psychology, Health and Illness
    • What Social and Cognitive Processes Accompany Psychological Problems?
    • What Influences Clinical Judgements?
    • What are Some Social Psychological Approaches to Treatment?
    • How Do Social Relationships Support Health and Well-Being?
  • Social Psychology, the Environment and the Sustainable Future
    • An Environmental Call to Action
    • Enabling Sustainable Living
    • Environmental and Conservation Psychology: Responses and Resilience to Disasters
    • Research Close-Up: Nudging Ourselves Towards Sustainable Behaviour
  • Summing Up: Applied Social Psychology
  • Critical Questions
  • Recommended Reading
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu