Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Preface
• About the Authors
• Acknowledgement
• Part One: Introduction to Qualitative Research: Starting Out
  • Chapter 1: The Essentials of Qualitative Research
    • What is qualitative research?
    • The characteristics of qualitative research
    • The primacy of data
    • Contextualisation
    • Immersion in the setting
    • The ‘emic’ perspective
    • Thick description
    • The research relationship
    • Insider/outsider research
    • Reflexivity
    • The place of theory in qualitative research
    • The use of qualitative research in healthcare
    • Choosing an approach for health research
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 2: The Paradigm Debate: The Place of Qualitative Research
    • Theoretical frameworks and ontological position
    • The natural science model: positivism, objectivism and value neutrality
    • The paradigm debate
    • The interpretive/descriptive approach
    • Focus on postmodernism and social constructionism
    • Conflicting or complementary perspectives?
    • Final comment
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 3: Initial Steps in the Research Process
    • Selecting and formulating the research question
    • Practical issues
    • The research design and choice of approach
    • The literature review
    • Writing a research proposal
    • Access and entry to the setting
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 4: Ethical Issues
    • The foundational ethical framework for research
    • Ethics in qualitative research
    • Interviews and observations
    • The participant information sheet
    • Researching one’s peers
    • The research relationship
    • Research in the researcher’s workplace
    • The role of research ethics committees
    • Reviewing the research project
    • Key ethical questions: audiotaped interviews
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 5: Supervision of Qualitative Research
    • The responsibilities of supervisor and student
    • Writing and relationships
    • Practical aspects of supervision
    • Single or joint supervision
    • Problems with supervision
    • Academic problems
    • Final notes
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
• Part Two: Data Collection and Sampling
  • Chapter 6: Interviewing
    • Interviews as sources of data
    • The interview process
    • Types of interview
    • Practical considerations
    • Recording interview data
    • The interviewer–participant relationship
    • Problematic issues and challenges in interviewing
    • Ethical issues in interviewing
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 7: Observation and Documents as Sources of Data
    • Participant observation
    • The origins of participant observation
    • Immersion in culture and setting
    • Types of observation
    • Problems in observation
    • Technical procedures and practical hints
    • Documentary sources of data
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 8: Focus Group Research (FGR)
    • The nature and features of focus group research
    • The origin and purpose of focus groups
    • Focus group research in healthcare
    • Sample size and composition
    • Conducting focus group discussions
    • Research with online or virtual focus groups
    • Recording, analysing and reporting focus group data
    • Critical comments on focus group research in healthcare
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 9: Sampling Strategies
    • Sampling decisions
    • A variety of sampling types
    • Inclusion and exclusion criteria
    • Sampling parameters
    • Sample size
    • Saturation
    • Giving a label to the participants
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
• Part Three: Approaches in Qualitative Research
  • Chapter 10: Ethnography
    • The development of ethnography
    • Ethnographic methods
    • Ethnography in healthcare
    • The main features of ethnography
    • Fieldwork
    • Doing and writing ethnography
    • Analysis
    • Interpretation
    • Pitfalls and problems
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 11: Grounded Theory Methodology
    • History and origin
    • Symbolic interactionism
    • The main features of grounded theory
    • Data collection, theoretical sampling and analysis
    • The three main approaches
    • Using the literature
    • Integration of theory
    • Theoretical memos and fieldnotes
    • Pitfalls and problems
    • Which approach for the health researcher?
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 12: Narrative Inquiry
    • The nature of narrative and story
    • Narrative research
    • Narratives in health research
    • The everyday story
    • Autobiographical and biographical stories
    • Cultural stories
    • Collective stories
    • Illness narratives
    • The restitution narrative
    • The chaos narrative
    • The quest narrative
    • Narrative interviewing
    • Narrative analysis
    • Thematic and holistic analysis
    • Structural analysis
    • Dialogic/performance analysis
    • Visual analysis
    • Ongoing debates about narrative
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 13: Phenomenology
    • Intentionality and the early stages of phenomenology
    • Phases and history of the movement
    • The German phase
    • The French phase
    • Schools of phenomenology
    • The phenomenological research process: doing phenomenology
    • Grounding
    • Reflexivity and positional knowledge
    • ‘Humanisation’ and the language of experience
    • Phenomenology and health research
    • Topics for phenomenological approaches
    • Choice of approach: descriptive or interpretive phenomenology
    • Procedures for data collection and analysis
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 14: Action Research
    • The origins of action research
    • Critical social theory
    • Action research in healthcare
    • The main features of action research
    • The methodological continuum
    • Practical steps
    • Trustworthiness in AR
    • Problems and critique
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 15: Additional Approaches
    • Case study research
    • Overview
    • Features and purpose of case study research
    • Conversation analysis
    • The origins of conversation analysis
    • The use of conversation analysis
    • Discourse analysis
    • Critical discourse analysis (CDA)
    • Performative social science
    • PSS in health research
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
    • Discourse Analysis
    • Further Reading
    • Performative Social Science
    • Further Reading
• Part Four: Data Analysis and Completion
  • Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Strategies and Procedures
    • Transcribing and sorting
    • Taking notes and writing analytic memos
    • Ordering and organising the data
    • Analytical styles
    • Coding and categorizing
    • Thematic analysis
    • Meaning and Gestalt
    • Problems of QDA
    • Inferential leaps and ‘premature closure’
    • Collaboration in the process of analysis and interpretation
    • Computer‐aided analysis of qualitative data
    • The reasons for computer use
    • Storing, annotating and retrieving texts
    • Locating words, phrases or segments of data
    • Naming or labelling
    • Sorting and organising
    • Identifying data units
    • Preparing diagrams
    • Approaches to qualitative computer analysis
    • Language‐oriented
    • Descriptive/interpretive approaches
    • Theory building
    • The practicalities of using computer‐aided analysis
    • Advantages of computer use
    • Problems and critique of computer analysis
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 17: Establishing Quality: Validity and Trustworthiness
    • Quality
    • Conventional criteria
    • Rigour
    • Reliability
    • Validity
    • Generalisability or external validity
    • Objectivity and subjectivity
    • The concept of validity in qualitative research
    • An alternative perspective: trustworthiness
    • Dependability
    • Credibility
    • Transferability
    • Confirmability
    • Authenticity
    • Strategies to ensure trustworthiness
    • Member checking
    • Searching for negative cases and alternative explanations
    • Peer review
    • Triangulation
    • The audit or decision trail
    • Thick description
    • Prolonged engagement
    • Reflexivity
    • Quality and creativity
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
  • Chapter 18: Writing up and Publishing Qualitative Research
    • The research account
    • Use of the first person
    • The format of the report
    • Title
    • Abstract
    • Acknowledgement and dedication
    • Contents
    • Introduction
    • Entry issues and ethical considerations
    • Methodology and research design
    • Findings/results and discussion
    • Conclusion and implications
    • Referencing
    • Appendices
    • Critical assessment and evaluation
    • Guide to research evaluation
    • Publishing and presenting the research
    • Books
    • Articles
    • Types of article
    • Alternative forms of presenting or disseminating the research
    • Summary
    • References
    • Further Reading
• Final Note
  • References
• Glossary
• Index
• End User License Agreement

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