Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication Page
• Contents
• Part I Introduction
  • 1 Medical Sociology
    • The Social Determinants of Health
    • The Development of Medical Sociology
      • Parsons
    • Defining Health
    • Contrasting Ideas About Health and Social Behavior
    • Modern Medicine and the Regulation of the Body
    • The Public’s Health
    • The Germ Theory of Disease and the Search for “Magic Bullets”
    • Return to the “Whole” Person
    • The Reemergence of Infectious Diseases
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 2 Social Epidemiology
    • Epidemiological Measures
    • The Development of Epidemiology
    • Disease and Modernization
    • The Complexity of Modern Ills
      • Heart Disease
      • Obesity
    • Pandemics
      • HIV/AIDS
      • Influenza
      • SARS
      • MERS
      • Ebola
      • Zika
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 3 COVID-19
    • COVID-19: Origin, Transmission, and Spread
      • Airborne Transmission and Asymptomatic Individuals
      • COVID-19’s Initial Impact on Society
      • China
      • The Middle East and Europe
      • India, Africa, and Latin America
      • The United States
      • Canada
    • COVID-19: Social Patterns
      • Comorbid Conditions
      • Age
      • Race
      • Gender
      • Social Class
    • Resolution
    • Social Effects
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 4 The Social Demography of Health: Social Class
    • The Components of Social Class
    • Social Class and Health Disparities
      • Equality of Care and the Social Gradient in Mortality: The British Experience
      • Neighborhood Disadvantage
    • Socioeconomic Status as a Fundamental Cause of Sickness and Mortality
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 5 The Social Demography of Health: Gender
    • Male–Female Life Expectancy
      • Gender Differences in Morbidity
      • The Narrowing Gender Gap in Longevity
      • Rural Residence
      • Smoking
    • Gender and Mental Health
    • Gender and LGBTQ Health
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 6 The Social Demography of Health: Age and Race
    • Age
      • Social Trends in Aging and Health
      • Life Course Theory
    • Race
      • Race as a Social Construction
      • Racism and Health
      • The Current Demographic Transition
      • Black Americans
      • Hispanic Americans
      • Native Americans
      • Asian Americans
    • Race and Mental Health
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
• Part II Health and Illness
  • 7 Social Stress and Health
    • Cooley, Thomas, and Goffman: Symbolic Interaction
    • Durkheim: The Larger Society
    • Stress and the Body
      • Physiological Responses to Stress
      • Biomarkers
    • Social Factors and Stress
      • The Stress Process
      • Stress Adaptation
      • Stress and the Social Group
      • Social Capital
      • Stress and Socioeconomic Status
    • Life Changes
      • Extreme Situations
      • Life Events
    • Gene–Environment Interaction
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 8 Health Behavior and Lifestyles
    • Health Lifestyles: Background
      • Weber: Lifestyles
      • Bourdieu: Lifestyles
    • A Theory of Health Lifestyles
    • Health Lifestyles: A Final Note on the Influence of Social Class
      • Preventive Care
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 9 Illness Behavior and the Sick Role
    • Illness as Deviance
    • Self-Care
    • Social Networks
    • Sociodemographic Variables
      • Age and Gender
      • Race
      • Socioeconomic Status
    • The Sick Role
    • The Physician–Patient Role Relationship
    • Criticisms of the Sick Role
    • Medicalization/Biomedicalization
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
• Part III Providing Health Care
  • 10 Doctor–Patient Interaction
    • Models of Interaction
      • Misunderstandings in Communication
      • Communication and Class Background
      • Male Physicians and Female Patients
      • Women Physicians
      • Cultural Differences in Communication
      • Patient Compliance/Adherence
    • The Future of Doctor–Patient Relations
    • Doctor–Patient Relations and New Technology
      • Internet Medicine
      • Telemedicine
      • Other Developments
    • The New Genetics
      • Privacy and Gene Ownership
      • Human Cloning
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 11 Physicians
    • The Professionalization of the Physician
      • The American Medical Association
      • The Control of Medical Education
    • The Socialization of the Physician
    • Osteopaths
    • The Social Hierarchy of American Medicine
      • The Hospital
      • The Clientele
      • The Inner Fraternity–Sorority
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 12 The Physician in a Changing Society
    • Social Control of Medical Practice
    • Countervailing Power
    • Government Regulation
    • Managed Care
    • The Coming of the Corporation
    • The Changing Doctor–Patient Relationship
    • The Deprofessionalization of Physicians
    • The Organization of Medical Practice
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 13 Nurses, Physician Assistants, Pharmacists, and Midwives
    • Nursing Past and Present
      • The Early Development of Nursing as an Occupation
      • Florence Nightingale
      • Nursing Education
      • Nursing Students
      • Gender and “the Doctor–Nurse Game”
    • Nursing: Future Trends
      • Hospital Administration
      • The Nurse Practitioner/Clinician
    • Physician Assistants
    • Pharmacists
    • Midwives
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 14 Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
    • Overview
    • Chiropractors
    • Religion and Faith Healing
    • Folk Healing
      • Black Folk Healers
      • Curanderismo Healing
      • Native American Healing: The Navajo and the Cree
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
• Part IV Health Care Delivery Systems
  • 15 Hospitals
    • The Development of the Hospital as a Social Institution
      • Hospitals as Centers of Religious Practice
      • Hospitals as Poorhouses
      • Hospitals as Deathhouses
      • Hospitals as Centers of Medical Technology
    • Hospitals in the United States
      • Hospital Ownership
      • The Organization of the Non-profit Community Hospital
      • The Hospital: Dual Authority
    • The Hospital Patient Role
    • The Rising Cost of Hospitalization
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 16 Health Care Reform and Health Policy in the United States
    • Rising Costs
    • The Road to Health Care Reform
      • The Emergence of Managed Care
      • State Efforts at Health Care Reform
      • Enactment of the Affordable Care Act
      • Legal Challenges to the Affordable Care Act
      • Trump’s Health Care Reforms and the Failed Repeal of the Affordable Care Act
      • Biden and the Future of Health Care Reform
    • Equity in Health Services
    • Geographic Distribution of Services
    • Overview of Health Care Delivery
      • Fee-for-Service Health Care
    • Health Care: A Right or a Privilege?
    • Summary
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
  • 17 Global Health Care
    • Socialized Medicine: Canada, Britain, and Sweden
      • Canada
      • Britain
      • Sweden
    • Decentralized National Health Programs: Japan, Germany, and Mexico
      • Japan
      • Germany
      • Mexico
    • Socialist Medicine: Alterations in Russia and China
      • Russia
      • China
    • Conclusion
    • Critical Thinking Questions
    • Suggested Readings
    • References
• Name Index
• Subject Index

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