Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• About the Authors
• ONE Materials Engineering Concepts
  • 1.1 Economic Factors
  • 1.2 Mechanical Properties
    • 1.2.1 Loading Conditions
    • 1.2.2 Stress–Strain Relations
    • 1.2.3 Elastic Behavior
    • 1.2.4 Elastoplastic Behavior
    • 1.2.5 Viscoelastic Behavior
    • 1.2.6 Temperature and Time Effects
    • 1.2.7 Work and Energy
    • 1.2.8 Failure and Safety
  • 1.3 Nonmechanical Properties
    • 1.3.1 Density and Unit Weight
    • 1.3.2 Thermal Expansion
    • 1.3.3 Surface Characteristics
  • 1.4 Production and Construction
  • 1.5 Aesthetic Characteristics
  • 1.6 Sustainable Design
  • 1.7 Material Variability
    • 1.7.1 Sampling
    • 1.7.2 Normal Distribution
    • 1.7.3 Control Charts
    • 1.7.4 Experimental Error
  • 1.8 Laboratory Measuring Devices
    • 1.8.1 Dial Gauge
    • 1.8.2 Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
    • 1.8.3 Strain Gauge
    • 1.8.4 Noncontact Deformation Measurement Technique
    • 1.8.5 Proving Ring
    • 1.8.6 Load Cell
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 1.9 References
• TWO Nature of Materials
  • 2.1 Basic Materials Concepts
    • 2.1.1 Electron Configuration
    • 2.1.2 Bonding
    • 2.1.3 Material Classification by Bond Type
  • 2.2 Metallic Materials
    • 2.2.1 Lattice Structure
    • 2.2.2 Lattice Defects
    • 2.2.3 Grain Structure
    • 2.2.4 Alloys
    • 2.2.5 Phase Diagrams
    • 2.2.6 Combined Effects
  • 2.3 Inorganic Solids
  • 2.4 Organic Solids
    • 2.4.1 Polymer Development, Structure, and Cross-Linking
    • 2.4.2 Melting and Glass Transition Temperature
    • 2.4.3 Mechanical Properties
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 2.5 References
• THREE Steel
  • 3.1 Steel Production
  • 3.2 Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram
  • 3.3 Heat Treatment of Steel
    • 3.3.1 Annealing
    • 3.3.2 Normalizing
    • 3.3.3 Hardening
    • 3.3.4 Tempering
    • 3.3.5 Example of Heat Treatment
  • 3.4 Steel Alloys
  • 3.5 Structural Steel
    • 3.5.1 Structural Steel Grades
    • 3.5.2 Sectional Shapes
    • 3.5.3 Specialty Steels in Structural Applications
  • 3.6 Cold-Formed Steel
    • 3.6.1 Cold-Formed Steel Grades
    • 3.6.2 Cold-Formed Steel Shapes
    • 3.6.3 Special Design Considerations for Cold-Formed Steel
  • 3.7 Fastening Products
  • 3.8 Reinforcing Steel
    • 3.8.1 Conventional Reinforcing
    • 3.8.2 Steel for Prestressed Concrete
  • 3.9 Mechanical Testing of Steel
    • 3.9.1 Tension Test
    • 3.9.2 Torsion Test
    • 3.9.3 Charpy V Notch Impact Test
    • 3.9.4 Bend Test
    • 3.9.5 Hardness Test
    • 3.9.6 Ultrasonic Testing
  • 3.10 Welding
  • 3.11 Steel Corrosion
    • 3.11.1 Methods for Corrosion Resistance
  • 3.12 Steel Sustainability
    • 3.12.1 LEED Considerations
    • 3.12.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 3.13 References
• FOUR Aluminum
  • 4.1 Aluminum Production
  • 4.2 Aluminum Metallurgy
    • 4.2.1 Alloy Designation System
    • 4.2.2 Temper Treatments
  • 4.3 Aluminum Testing and Properties
  • 4.4 Welding and Fastening
  • 4.5 Corrosion
  • 4.6 Aluminum Sustainability
    • 4.6.1 LEED Considerations
    • 4.6.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 4.7 References
• FIVE Aggregates
  • 5.1 Aggregate Sources
  • 5.2 Geological Classification
  • 5.3 Evaluation of Aggregate Sources
  • 5.4 Aggregate Uses
  • 5.5 Aggregate Properties
    • 5.5.1 Particle Shape and Surface Texture
    • 5.5.2 Soundness and Durability
    • 5.5.3 Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance
    • 5.5.4 Absorption
    • 5.5.5 Specific Gravity
    • 5.5.6 Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
    • 5.5.7 Strength and Modulus
    • 5.5.8 Gradation
    • 5.5.9 Cleanness and Deleterious Materials
    • 5.5.10 Alkali–Aggregate Reactivity
    • 5.5.11 Affinity for Asphalt
  • 5.6 Handling Aggregates
    • 5.6.1 Sampling Aggregates
  • 5.7 Aggregates Sustainability
    • 5.7.1 LEED Considerations
    • 5.7.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 5.8 References
• SIX Portland Cement, Mixing Water, and Admixtures
  • 6.1 Portland Cement Production
  • 6.2 Chemical Composition of Portland Cement
  • 6.3 Fineness of Portland Cement
  • 6.4 Specific Gravity of Portland Cement
  • 6.5 Hydration of Portland Cement
    • 6.5.1 Structure Development in Cement Paste
    • 6.5.2 Evaluation of Hydration Progress
  • 6.6 Voids in Hydrated Cement
  • 6.7 Properties of Hydrated Cement
    • 6.7.1 Setting
    • 6.7.2 Soundness
    • 6.7.3 Compressive Strength of Mortar
  • 6.8 Water–Cement Ratio
  • 6.9 Types of Portland Cement
    • 6.9.1 Standard Portland Cement Types
    • 6.9.2 Other Cement Types
  • 6.10 Mixing Water
    • 6.10.1 Acceptable Criteria
    • 6.10.2 Disposal and Reuse of Concrete Wash Water
  • 6.11 Admixtures for Concrete
    • 6.11.1 Air Entrainers
    • 6.11.2 Water Reducers
    • 6.11.3 Retarders
    • 6.11.4 Hydration-Control Admixtures
    • 6.11.5 Accelerators
    • 6.11.6 Specialty Admixtures
  • 6.12 Supplementary Cementitious Materials
  • 6.13 Cement Sustainability
    • 6.13.1 LEED Considerations
    • 6.13.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 6.14 References
• SEVEN Portland Cement Concrete
  • 7.1 Proportioning of Concrete Mixes
    • 7.1.1 Basic Steps for Weight and Absolute Volume Methods
    • 7.1.2 Mixing Concrete for Small Jobs
  • 7.2 Mixing, Placing, and Handling Fresh Concrete
    • 7.2.1 Ready-Mixed Concrete
    • 7.2.2 Mobile Batcher Mixed Concrete
    • 7.2.3 Depositing Concrete
    • 7.2.4 Pumped Concrete
    • 7.2.5 Vibration of Concrete
    • 7.2.6 Pitfalls and Precautions for Mixing Water
    • 7.2.7 Measuring Air Content in Fresh Concrete
    • 7.2.8 Spreading and Finishing Concrete
  • 7.3 Curing Concrete
    • 7.3.1 Ponding or Immersion
    • 7.3.2 Spraying or Fogging
    • 7.3.3 Wet Coverings
    • 7.3.4 Impervious Papers or Plastic Sheets
    • 7.3.5 Membrane-Forming Compounds
    • 7.3.6 Forms Left in Place
    • 7.3.7 Steam Curing
    • 7.3.8 Insulating Blankets or Covers
    • 7.3.9 Electrical, Hot Oil, and Infrared Curing
    • 7.3.10 Curing Period
  • 7.4 Properties of Hardened Concrete
    • 7.4.1 Early Volume Change
    • 7.4.2 Creep Properties
    • 7.4.3 Permeability
    • 7.4.4 Stress–Strain Relationship
  • 7.5 Testing of Hardened Concrete
    • 7.5.1 Compressive Strength Test
    • 7.5.2 Split-Tension Test
    • 7.5.3 Flexure Strength Test
    • 7.5.4 Rebound Hammer Test
    • 7.5.5 Penetration Resistance Test
    • 7.5.6 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
    • 7.5.7 Maturity Test
  • 7.6 Alternatives to Conventional Concrete
    • 7.6.1 Self-Consolidating Concrete
    • 7.6.2 Flowable Fill
    • 7.6.3 Shotcrete
    • 7.6.4 Lightweight Concrete
    • 7.6.5 Heavyweight Concrete
    • 7.6.6 High-Strength Concrete
    • 7.6.7 Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete
    • 7.6.8 Polymers and Concrete
    • 7.6.9 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
    • 7.6.10 Roller-Compacted Concrete
    • 7.6.11 High-Performance Concrete
    • 7.6.12 Pervious Concrete
  • 7.7 Concrete Sustainability
    • 7.7.1 LEED Considerations
    • 7.7.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 7.8 References
• EIGHT Masonry
  • 8.1 Masonry Units
    • 8.1.1 Concrete Masonry Units
    • 8.1.2 Clay Bricks
  • 8.2 Mortar
  • 8.3 Grout
  • 8.4 Plaster
  • 8.5 Masonry Sustainability
    • 8.5.1 LEED Considerations
    • 8.5.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 8.6 References
• NINE Asphalt Binders and Asphalt Mixtures
  • 9.1 Types of Asphalt Cement Products
  • 9.2 Uses of Asphalt
  • 9.3 Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt
  • 9.4 Chemical Properties of Asphalt
  • 9.5 Superpave and Performance Grade Binders
  • 9.6 Characterization of Asphalt Cement
    • 9.6.1 Performance Grade Characterization Approach
    • 9.6.2 Performance Grade Binder Characterization
    • 9.6.3 Traditional Asphalt Characterization Tests
  • 9.7 Classification of Asphalt
    • 9.7.1 Asphalt Binders
    • 9.7.2 Asphalt Cutbacks
    • 9.7.3 Asphalt Emulsions
  • 9.8 Asphalt Concrete
  • 9.9 Asphalt Concrete Mix Design
    • 9.9.1 Specimen Preparation in the Laboratory
    • 9.9.2 Density and Voids Analysis
    • 9.9.3 Superpave Mix Design
    • 9.9.4 Superpave Refinement
    • 9.9.5 Marshall Method of Mix Design
    • 9.9.6 Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility
  • 9.10 Characterization of Asphalt Concrete
    • 9.10.1 Indirect Tensile Strength
    • 9.10.2 Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester
  • 9.11 Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Production and Construction
    • 9.11.1 Production of Raw Materials
    • 9.11.2 Manufacturing Asphalt Concrete
    • 9.11.3 Field Operations
  • 9.12 Recycling of Asphalt Concrete
    • 9.12.1 RAP Evaluation
    • 9.12.2 RAP Mix Design
    • 9.12.3 RAP Production and Construction
  • 9.13 Additives
    • 9.13.1 Fillers
    • 9.13.2 Extenders
    • 9.13.3 Polymer Modified Asphalt
    • 9.13.4 Antistripping Agents
    • 9.13.5 Others
  • 9.14 Warm Mix
  • 9.15 Asphalt Sustainability
    • 9.15.1 LEED Considerations
    • 9.15.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 9.16 References
• TEN Wood
  • 10.1 Structure of Wood
    • 10.1.1 Growth Rings
    • 10.1.2 Anisotropic Nature of Wood
  • 10.2 Chemical Composition
  • 10.3 Moisture Content
  • 10.4 Wood Production
    • 10.4.1 Cutting Techniques
    • 10.4.2 Seasoning
  • 10.5 Lumber Grades
    • 10.5.1 Hardwood Grades
    • 10.5.2 Softwood Grades
  • 10.6 Defects in Lumber
  • 10.7 Physical Properties
    • 10.7.1 Specific Gravity and Density
    • 10.7.2 Thermal Properties
    • 10.7.3 Electrical Properties
  • 10.8 Mechanical Properties
    • 10.8.1 Modulus of Elasticity
    • 10.8.2 Strength Properties
    • 10.8.3 Load Duration
    • 10.8.4 Damping Capacity
  • 10.9 Testing to Determine Mechanical Properties
    • 10.9.1 Flexure Test of Structural Members (ASTM D198)
    • 10.9.2 Flexure Test of Small, Clear Specimen (ASTM D143)
  • 10.10 Design Considerations
  • 10.11 Organisms that Degrade Wood
    • 10.11.1 Fungi
    • 10.11.2 Insects
    • 10.11.3 Marine Organisms
    • 10.11.4 Bacteria
  • 10.12 Wood Preservation
    • 10.12.1 Petroleum-Based Solutions
    • 10.12.2 Waterborne Preservatives
    • 10.12.3 Application Techniques
    • 10.12.4 Construction Precautions
  • 10.13 Engineered Wood Products
    • 10.13.1 Structural Panels/Sheets
    • 10.13.2 Structural Shapes
    • 10.13.3 Composite Structural Members
  • 10.14 Wood Sustainability
    • 10.14.1 LEED Considerations
    • 10.14.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 10.15 References
• ELEVEN Composites
  • 11.1 Microscopic Composites
    • 11.1.1 Fiber-Reinforced Composites
    • 11.1.2 Particle-Reinforced Composites
    • 11.1.3 Matrix Phase
    • 11.1.4 Fabrication
    • 11.1.5 Civil Engineering Applications
  • 11.2 Macroscopic Composites
    • 11.2.1 Plain Portland Cement Concrete
    • 11.2.2 Reinforced Portland Cement Concrete
    • 11.2.3 Asphalt Concrete
    • 11.2.4 Engineered Wood
  • 11.3 Properties of Composites
    • 11.3.1 Ductility and Strength of Composite
    • 11.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity of Composite
  • 11.4 Composites Sustainability
    • 11.4.1 LEED Considerations
    • 11.4.2 Other Sustainability Considerations
    • Summary
    • Questions and Problems
  • 11.5 References
• Appendix
  • Laboratory Manual
    • 1. Introduction to Measuring Devices
    • 2. Tension Test of Steel and Aluminum
    • 3. Torsion Test of Steel and Aluminum
    • 4. Impact Test of Steel
    • 5. Microscopic Inspection of Materials
    • 6. Creep in Polymers
    • 7. Sieve Analysis of Aggregates
    • 8. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
    • 9. Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
    • 10. Bulk Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
    • 11. Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete
    • 12. Unit Weight and Yield of Freshly Mixed Concrete
    • 13. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Pressure Method
    • 14. Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by Volumetric Method
    • 15. Making and Curing Concrete Cylinders and Beams
    • 16. Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens with Sulfur or Capping Compound
    • 17. Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
    • 18. Flexural Strength of Concrete
    • 19. Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete
    • 20. Penetration Resistance of Hardened Concrete
    • 21. Testing of Concrete Masonry Units
    • 22. Viscosity of Asphalt Binder by Rotational Viscometer
    • 23. Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test of Asphalt Binder
    • 24. Penetration Test of Asphalt Cement
    • 25. Absolute Viscosity Test of Asphalt
    • 26. Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Speci-mens by Means of the Superp
    • 27. Preparation of Asphalt Concrete Specimens Using the Marshall Compactor
    • 28. Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
    • 29. Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete
    • 30. Bending (Flexure) Test of Wood
    • 31. Tensile Properties of Composites
    • 32. Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Elastic Modulus of Fiber Reinforced Com-posites
• Index
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • Y
  • Z

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