Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Part I. Introduction
  • 1. The Radiographic Image
    • Introduction
    • Nature of the Traditional Two-Dimensional Radiographic Image
    • Quality of the Traditional Two-Dimensional Radiographic Image
    • Perception of the Radiographic Image
    • Types of Traditional Dental Radiographs
• Part II. Radiation Physics, Equipment and Radiation Protection
  • 2. The Production, Properties and Interactions of X-rays
    • Introduction
    • Atomic Structure
    • X-Ray Production
    • Interaction of X-Rays with Matter
  • 3. Dental X-ray Generating Equipment
    • Introduction
    • Ideal Requirements
    • Main Components of the Tubehead
    • Other X-Ray Generating Apparatus
  • 4. Image Receptors
    • Introduction
    • Digital Receptors
    • Radiographic Film
    • Characteristics of Radiographic Film
    • Background Fog Density
    • Intensifying Screens
    • Cassettes
    • Important Practical Points to Note
  • 5. Image Processing
    • Computer Digital Processing
    • Chemical Processing
  • 6. Radiation Dose, Dosimetry and Dose Limitation
    • Dose Units
    • Dose Limits
    • Dose Rate
    • Dose Limitation
  • 7. The Biological Effects Associated with X-rays, Risk and Practical Radiation Protection
    • Radiation-Induced Tissue Damage
    • Classification of the Biological Effects
    • Practical Radiation Protection
    • Footnote
• Part III. Radiography
  • 8. Dental Radiography – General Patient Considerations including Control of Infection
    • General Guidelines on Patient Care
    • Specific Requirements When X-Raying Children and Patients with Disabilities
    • Control of Infection
    • Micro-Organisms That May Be Encountered
    • Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
    • Infection Control Measures
    • Footnote
  • 9. Periapical Radiography
    • Main Indications
    • Ideal Positioning Requirements
    • Radiographic Techniques
    • Anatomy
    • Bisected Angle Technique
    • Comparison of The Paralleling and Bisected Angle Techniques
    • Conclusion
    • Positioning Difficulties Often Encountered in Periapical Radiography
    • Assessment of Image Quality
  • 10. Bitewing Radiography
    • Main Indications
    • Ideal Technique Requirements
    • Positioning Techniques
    • Resultant Radiographs
    • Assessment of Image Quality
  • 11. Occlusal Radiography
    • Introduction
    • Terminology and Classification
    • Upper Standard (or Anterior) Occlusal
    • Upper Oblique Occlusal
    • Lower 90° Occlusal
    • Lower 45° (or Anterior) Occlusal
    • Lower Oblique Occlusal
  • 12. Oblique Lateral Radiography
    • Introduction
    • Terminology
    • Main Indications
    • Basic Technique Principles
    • Positioning Examples For Various Oblique Lateral Radiographs
    • Bimolar Technique
  • 13. Skull and Maxillofacial Radiography
    • Equipment, Patient Positioning and Projections
  • 14. Cephalometric Radiography
    • Introduction
    • Main Indications
    • Equipment
    • Main Radiographic Projections
    • Cephalometric Posteroanterior of the Jaws (PA Jaws)
  • 15. Tomography and Panoramic Radiography
    • Introduction
    • Tomographic Theory
    • Panoramic Tomography
    • Selection Criteria
    • Equipment
    • Technique and Positioning
    • Normal Anatomy
    • Advantages and Disadvantages
    • Assessment of Image Quality
    • Assessment of Not Acceptable Images and Determination of Errors
    • Footnote
  • 16. Cone Beam Computed Tomography
    • Main Indications
    • Equipment and Theory
    • Technique and Positioning
    • Normal Anatomy
    • Radiation Dose
    • Advantages and Disadvantages
    • Assessment of Image Quality
    • Quality Assurance
    • Footnote
  • 17. The Quality of Radiographic Images and Quality Assurance
    • Introduction
    • Quality Assurance (QA)
    • Digital Image Quality
    • Quality Control Procedures for Digital Receptors, Computer Processing and Monitors
    • Film-Based Image Quality
    • Quality Control Procedures for Film, Chemical Processing and Light Boxes
    • Patient Preparation and Positioning Technique Errors in Both Digital and Film-Based Imaging
    • Patient Dose and X-Ray Generating Equipment
    • Working Procedures
    • Staff Training and Updating
    • Audits
    • Footnote
  • 18. Alternative and Specialized Imaging Modalities
    • Introduction
    • Contrast Studies
    • Radioisotope Imaging
    • Computed Tomography (CT)
    • Ultrasound Examinations
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Part IV. Radiology
  • 19. Introduction to Radiological Interpretation
    • Essential Requirements for Interpretation
    • Conclusion
  • 20. Dental Caries and the Assessment of Restorations
    • Introduction
    • Classification of Caries
    • Diagnosis and Detection of Caries
    • Other Important Radiographic Appearances
    • Limitations Of Radiographic Detection of Caries
    • Radiographic Assessment of Restorations
    • Limitations of the Radiographic Image
    • Suggested Guidelines for Interpreting Bitewing Images
    • Cone Beam Computed Tomography
  • 21. The Periapical Tissues
    • Introduction
    • Normal Radiographic Appearances
    • The Effects of Normal Superimposed Shadows
    • Radiographic Appearances of Periapical Inflammatory Changes
    • Treatment and Imaging in Endodontics
    • Other Important Causes of Periapical Radiolucency
    • Suggested Guidelines for Interpreting Periapical Images
  • 22. The Periodontal Tissues and Periodontal Disease
    • Introduction
    • Selection Criteria
    • Radiographic Features of Healthy Periodontium
    • Classification of Periodontal Diseases
    • Radiographic Features of Periodontal Disease and the Assessment of Bone Loss and Furcation Involvement
    • Evaluation of Treatment Measures
    • Limitations of Radiographic Diagnosis
  • 23. Implant Assessment
    • Introduction
    • Main Indications
    • Main Contraindications
    • Treatment Planning Considerations
    • Radiographic Examination
    • Peri-operative Imaging
    • Post-operative Evaluation and Follow-Up
    • Footnote
  • 24. Developmental Abnormalities
    • Introduction
    • Classification of Developmental Abnormalities
    • Typical Radiographic Appearances of The More Common and Important Developmental Abnormalities
    • Radiographic Assessment of Mandibular Third Molars
    • Radiographic Assessment of Unerupted Maxillary Canines
  • 25. Radiological Differential Diagnosis – Describing a Lesion
    • Introduction
    • Detailed Description of a Lesion
    • Footnote
  • 26. Differential Diagnosis of Radiolucent Lesions of the Jaws
    • Introduction
    • Step-By-Step Guide
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Radiolucent Cysts and Tumours
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Tumours
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Allied Lesions
    • Footnote
  • 27. Differential Diagnosis of Lesions of Variable Radiopacity in the Jaws
    • STEP I
    • STEP II
    • STEP III
    • STEP IV
    • STEP V
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Abnormalities of the Teeth
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Conditions of Variable Opacity Affecting Bone
    • Summary
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Soft Tissue Calcifications
    • Typical Radiographic Features of Foreign Bodies
  • 28. Bone Diseases of Radiological Importance
    • Introduction
    • Developmental or Genetic Disorders
    • Infective or Inflammatory Conditions
    • Hormone-Related Diseases
    • Blood Dyscrasias
    • Diseases of Unknown Cause
  • 29. Trauma to the Teeth and Facial Skeleton
    • Introduction
    • Injuries to the Teeth and Their Supporting Structures
    • Skeletal Fractures
    • Fractures of the Mandible
    • Fractures of the Middle Third of the Facial Skeleton
    • Other Fractures and Injuries
  • 30. The Temporomandibular Joint
    • Introduction
    • Normal Anatomy
    • Investigations
    • Main Pathological Conditions Affecting the TMJ
    • Footnote
  • 31. The Maxillary Antra
    • Introduction
    • Normal Anatomy
    • Normal Appearance of the Antra on Conventional Radiographs
    • Antral Disease
    • Investigation and Appearance of Disease Within the Antra
    • Infection and Inflammation
    • Other Paranasal Air Sinuses
  • 32. The Salivary Glands
    • Salivary Gland Disorders
    • Investigations
• Bibliography and Suggested Reading
• Index

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