Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• About the Companion Website
• 1 Introduction – The Fascination with Horses and Learning
  • Introduction
  • The Scientific Approach
• 2 Ethology and Cognition
  • Introduction
  • Ethological Challenges
  • The Role of Ethology in Horse‐Training
  • Conclusions
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Areas for Further Research
• 3 Anthropomorphism and the Human–Horse Relationship
  • Introduction
  • Conclusion
  • Take‐Home Messages
• 4 Non‐associative Learning
  • Introduction
  • Learning
  • Non‐associative Learning
  • The Evolution of Habituation and Sensitisation
  • Contact
  • Sensitisation
  • Imprinting and Early Handling
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Areas for Future Research
• 5 Associative Learning (Attractive Stimuli)
  • Introduction
  • Operant Conditioning
  • Classical Conditioning
  • Cue Salience
  • Reinforcement and Punishment
  • Using Attractive Stimuli
  • Ethical Considerations on Positive Reinforcement
  • Reinforcement Schedules
  • Shaping Behaviour
  • Clicker Training
  • Contiguity
  • Combining Positive and Negative Reinforcement
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Areas and Anticipated Limitations for Further Research
• 6 Associative Learning (Aversive Stimuli)
  • Introduction
  • Escape and Avoidance Learning
  • Negative Reinforcement
  • Releasing the Pressure
  • Control and Predictability
  • Trialling Responses
  • How to Use Negative Reinforcement
  • A Continuum of Reinforcing Possibilities
  • Round‐Pen as Negative Reinforcement
  • Combined Reinforcement
  • Punishment
  • Experimental Neurosis
  • Learned Helplessness
  • Conclusion
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Areas for Future Research
• 7 Applying Learning Theory
  • Introduction
  • Achieving Stimulus Control
  • Application of Learning Theory
  • Classical Conditioning
  • Installing Signals
  • Combined Reinforcement
  • Perseveration
  • Contact
  • Using the Whip
  • Clucking
  • Rewards
  • Shaping
  • Stimulus Generalisation
  • Principles of Training Arising from Learning Theory
  • TP 1 Train According to Horse Ethology and Cognition
  • TP 2 Use Learning Theory Appropriately
  • TP 3 Train Easy‐to‐Discriminate Signals
  • TP 4 Shape Responses and Movements
  • TP 5 Elicit Responses One‐at‐a‐Time
  • TP 6 Train Only One Response per Signal
  • TP 7 Form Consistent Habits
  • TP 8 Train Persistence of Elicited Responses (‘Self‐Carriage’)
  • TP 9 Avoid and Dissociate Flight Responses
  • TP 10 Demonstrate Minimum Levels of Arousal Sufficient for Training
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Areas for Future Research
• 8 Training
  • Introduction
  • In‐Hand Training
  • Under‐Saddle Training
  • Equipment
  • Posture and Position of the Rider
  • Jumping
  • Other Signals
  • Movements
  • Higher Steps – Collection
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Considerations
• 9 Horses in Sport and Work
  • Introduction
  • Performance Sports
  • Racing
  • Steeple‐Chasing and Hurdling
  • Harness Racing (Pacing and Trotting)
  • Other Forms of Racing
  • Mounted Games
  • Stock Sports
  • Gaited Horse Classes
  • Hunting
  • Driving
  • Showing: Breed and Hack Classes
  • Rodeo
  • Work
  • Vaulting
  • Conclusion
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Areas for Further Research
• 10 Apparatus
  • Introduction
  • Stabling and Feeding
  • Apparatus used to Distribute and Apply Pressure to Horses
  • Dentition and Mouth Pain
  • Apparatus Used in Enhancing Performance
  • Apparatus Used in Restraint
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Areas for Further Research
• 11 Biomechanics
  • Introduction
  • Locomotion
  • The Mechanics of Locomotion
  • The Gaits
  • The Central Pattern Generator
  • The Vertebral Column
  • Muscular Development Effects of Horse Sports
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Areas for Further Research
• 12 Unorthodox Techniques
  • Introduction
  • Simultaneous, Contradictory Pressure
  • Inducing Confusion by Using One Signal for More than One Response
  • Forcing the ‘On the Bit’ Head and Neck Position
  • Contraction
  • Rapping
  • Gingering
  • Soring
  • Weighted Boots and Training Shackles
  • Sedation and Nerve Blocks
  • Electric Training Devices (Shock‐Collars and Spurs)
  • Conclusion
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Areas for Further Research
• 13 Stress and Fear Responses
  • Introduction
  • Perception of Stressors
  • Consequences of Prolonged or Chronic Stress
  • Typical Stressors for Domestic Horses
  • Stress and Performance
  • Fear Responses
  • One‐Trial Learning
  • Pain
  • Manifestations of Fear and Stress
  • Take‐Home Messages
  • Ethical Implications
  • Areas for Further Research
• 14 Ethical Equitation
  • Introduction
  • Whips and Welfare
  • Restrictive Nosebands
  • Ethical Considerations and Equitation Science
  • Take‐Home Messages
• 15 Research Methods in Equitation Science
  • Introduction
  • Designing a Study and Reporting Results
  • Sample Size
  • Rider and Environmental Variables
  • Recording Horse Behaviour
  • Physiological Measures
  • Measurement of Human–Horse Interactions
  • Conclusion
• 16 The Future of Equitation Science
  • Introduction
  • Areas and Anticipated Limitations for Further Research
  • New Technologies
  • Ethology
  • Nutrition
  • Genetics
  • Conclusion
• Glossary of the Terms and Definitions and of Processes Associated with Equitation
• References
• Index
• End User License Agreement

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu