Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Table of Cases
• Table of Legislation
• List of Abbreviations
• 1. Introduction: Starting from First Principles
  • 1.1 You and Competition Economics
  • 1.2 What Does Economics Contribute to Competition Law?
  • 1.3 The Book’s Approach to Explaining Competition Economics
  • 1.4 Some Health Warnings on Competition, Competition Policy, and Competition Economists
  • 1.5 What’s New in this Third Edition?
• 2. The Competition Economics Toolkit
  • 2.1 Why Start with a Toolkit?
  • 2.2 Demand, Supply, Where They Meet, and What that Means for Competition
  • 2.3 More on Demand and Supply: Substitution, Elasticities, Competition, and Monopoly
  • 2.4 Oligopoly Theory: Strategic Interaction and Coordination
  • 2.5 Network Economics
  • 2.6 Behavioural Economics
  • 2.7 Econometrics and Regression Analysis
• 3. Market Definition
  • 3.1 Why Market Definition?
  • 3.2 Dimensions of the Relevant Market
  • 3.3 The Hypothetical Monopolist Test
  • 3.4 Critical Loss Analysis
  • 3.5 The Cellophane Fallacy
  • 3.6 Supply-side Substitution and Market Aggregation
  • 3.7 Price Discrimination Markets
  • 3.8 Chains of Substitution
  • 3.9 Other Aspects of Geographic Market Definition
  • 3.10 Market Definition for Complements and Bundles
  • 3.11 Market Definition for Two-sided Platforms
  • 3.12 Markets Along the Vertical Supply Chain
  • 3.13 Product Substitution Versus Product Migration
  • 3.14 Market Definition on Features Other than Price
  • 3.15 Conclusion: Why Market Definition?
• 4. Market Power
  • 4.1 A Central Concern in Competition Law
  • 4.2 Market Power Thresholds in Competition Law
  • 4.3 Market Power Thresholds Outside Competition Law
  • 4.4 Market Shares and Concentration Measures
  • 4.5 Classic Entry Barriers: Economies of Scale, Sunk Costs, and Product Differentiation
  • 4.6 Modern Entry Barriers: IP, Data, and Network Effects
  • 4.7 Profitability as a Measure of Market Power
  • 4.8 Buyer Power and Bidding Markets
  • 4.9 Behavioural Economics and Market Power
  • 4.10 Market Power and Innovation in Dynamic Markets
• 5. Abuse of Dominance
  • 5.1 Successful Competitor or Bull in a China Shop?
  • 5.2 General Principles for Assessing Exclusionary Conduct
  • 5.3 Cost Benchmarks for Exclusionary Conduct
  • 5.4 Predation
  • 5.5 Price Discrimination
  • 5.6 Loyalty and Exclusivity Rebates
  • 5.7 Margin Squeeze
  • 5.8 Bundling and Tying
  • 5.9 Refusal to Supply and Essential Facilities
  • 5.10 Abuse of Dominance by Digital Platforms
  • 5.11 Excessive Pricing
• 6. Cartels and Other Horizontal Agreements
  • 6.1 Are All Cartels Bad?
  • 6.2 Economic Characteristics of Hardcore Cartels
  • 6.3 Information Exchange Between Competitors
  • 6.4 Counterfactuals and Restrictions: The Interchange Fee and Pay-for- Delay Cases
  • 6.5 Cooperation Among Competitors: Joint Purchasing, Joint Selling, and R&D and Technology Agreements
  • 6.6 Green Deals: Exemptions for Horizontal Cooperation on Environmental Objectives?
  • 6.7 Horizontal Agreements in Labour Markets
  • 6.8 Collusion by Algorithms
  • 6.9 Finding Cartels: How Can Economics Help?
• 7. Vertical Restraints
  • 7.1 Business Practices, the Law, and the Economics
  • 7.2 Economic Rationales for Vertical Restraints
  • 7.3 Is a Restraint a Restriction? Counterfactual Analysis under Article 101(1)
  • 7.4 Foreclosure Effects of Vertical Restraints
  • 7.5 Hardcore and Object Vertical Restraints: Resale Price Maintenance and Exclusive Territories
  • 7.6 Vertical Restraints in Digital Markets: Online Distribution Systems
  • 7.7 Vertical Restraints in Digital Markets: Most-favoured-nation Clauses
• 8. Mergers
  • 8.1 Mergers Under Scrutiny
  • 8.2 The Substantive Test: SLC, SIEC, and Other Variants
  • 8.3 The Counterfactual: Current Market, Failing Firm, or Future Entry?
  • 8.4 Unilateral Effects: Assessing Closeness of Competition
  • 8.5 Unilateral Effects: Simulating Price Rises
  • 8.6 Coordinated Effects
  • 8.7 Dynamic Effects of Mergers
  • 8.8 Non-horizontal Mergers
  • 8.9 Minority Shareholdings and Common Ownership
  • 8.10 Merger Efficiencies
• 9. Design of Remedies
  • 9.1 After the Diagnosis, What’s the Cure?
  • 9.2 Structural Remedies in Mergers
  • 9.3 Structural Remedies in Conduct Cases
  • 9.4 Behavioural Remedies: Price and Access
  • 9.5 Behavioural Remedies: FRAND
  • 9.6 Behavioural Remedies: Insights from Behavioural Economics
  • 9.7 Setting Fines
  • 9.8 Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Remedies, and of Competition Law
• 10. Quantification of Damages
  • 10.1 Damages Claims, Economics, and the Law
  • 10.2 Harm from Hardcore Cartels: Main Principles
  • 10.3 Harm from Exclusionary Conduct: Main Principles
  • 10.4 A Classification of Methods and Models for Quantifying Damages
  • 10.5 Comparator-based Approaches: Cross-sectional
  • 10.6 Comparator-based Approaches: Time Series
  • 10.7 Comparator-based Approaches: Difference-in-Differences
  • 10.8 Approaches Based on Financial Analysis
  • 10.9 Approaches Based on Market Structure and IO Theory
  • 10.10 Pass-on of Overcharges
  • 10.11 Class Actions: Certification with (not in) Economics
  • 10.12 Interest and Discounting
• 11. The Use of Economic Evidence in Competition Cases
  • 11.1 Hired Guns and Mud-slingers?
  • 11.2 Best Practice in Presenting Economic Evidence
  • 11.3 Economists in Court: When Can You Rely on Them?
  • 11.4 Economists in Court: Do They Get a Fair Hearing?
  • 11.5 The Use of Economics in Competition Law: A Promising Future?
• Bibliography
• Index

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