Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Brief Content
• Content
• Case Studies and Boxes
• Figures and Tables
• Preface
• 1 Introducing Economic Development: A Global Perspective
  • 1.1 Introduction to Some of the World’s Biggest Questions
  • 1.2 How Living Levels Differ Around the World
  • 1.3 How Countries Are Classified by Their Average Levels of Development: A First Look
  • 1.4 Economics and Development Studies
    • 1.4.1 Wider Scope of Study
    • 1.4.2 The Central Role of Women
  • 1.5 The Meaning of Development: Amartya Sen’s “Capability” Approach
  • 1.6 Happiness and Development
  • 1.7 The Sustainable Development Goals: A Shared Development Mission
    • 1.7.1 Seventeen Goals
    • 1.7.2 The Millennium Development Goals, 2000–2015
    • 1.7.3 Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals
  • 1.8 Some Critical Questions for the Study of Development Economics
  • ■ Case Study 1: Comparative Economic Development: Pakistan and Bangladesh
• 2 Comparative Economic Development
  • 2.1 An Introduction
  • 2.2 What is the Developing World? Classifying Levels of National Economic Development
    • 2.2.1 Conventional Comparisons of Average National Income
    • 2.2.2 Adjusting for Purchasing Power Parity
    • 2.2.3 Other Common Country Classifications
  • 2.3 Comparing Countries by Health and Education, and the Human Development Index
    • 2.3.1 Comparing Health and Education Levels
    • 2.3.2 Introducing the Human Development Index
    • 2.3.3 Human Development Index Ranking: How Does it Differ from Income Rankings?
    • 2.3.4 Human Development Index: Alternative Formulations
  • 2.4 Key Similarities and Differences Among Developing Countries
    • 2.4.1 Levels of Income and Productivity
    • 2.4.2 Human Capital Attainments
    • 2.4.3 Inequality and Absolute Poverty
    • 2.4.4 Population Growth and Age Structure
    • 2.4.5 Rural Economy and Rural-to-Urban Migration
    • 2.4.6 Social Fractionalisation
    • 2.4.7 Level of Industrialisation and Manufactured Exports
    • 2.4.8 Geography and Natural Resource Endowments
    • 2.4.9 Extent of Financial and Other Market Development
    • 2.4.10 Quality of Institutions and External Dependence
  • 2.5 Are Living Standards of Developing and Developed Nations Converging?
    • 2.5.1 The Great Divergence
    • 2.5.2 Two Major Reasons to Expect Convergence
    • 2.5.3 Perspectives on Income Convergence
  • 2.6 Long-Run Causes of Comparative Development
  • 2.7 Concluding Observations
  • ■ Case Study 2: Institutions, Colonial Legacies, and Economic Development: Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire
  • Appendix 2.1 The Traditional Human Development Index (HDI)
  • Appendix 2.2 How Low-Income Countries Today Differ from Developed Countries in Their Earlier Stages
• 3 Classic Theories of Economic Growth and Development
  • 3.1 Classic Theories of Economic Development: Four Approaches
  • 3.2 Development as Growth and the Linear-Stages Theories
    • 3.2.1 Rostow’s Stages of Growth
    • 3.2.2 The Harrod-Domar Growth Model
    • 3.2.3 Obstacles and Constraints
    • 3.2.4 Necessary Versus Sufficient Conditions: Some Criticisms of the Stages Model
  • 3.3 Structural-Change Models
    • 3.3.1 The Lewis Theory of Economic Development
    • 3.3.2 Structural Change and Patterns of Development
    • 3.3.3 Conclusions and Implications
  • 3.4 The International-Dependence Revolution
    • 3.4.1 The Neocolonial Dependence Model
    • 3.4.2 The False-Paradigm Model
    • 3.4.3 The Dualistic-Development Thesis
    • 3.4.4 Conclusions and Implications
  • 3.5 The Neoclassical Counter-Revolution: Market Fundamentalism
    • 3.5.1 Challenging the Statist Model: Free Markets, Public Choice, and Market-Friendly Approaches
    • 3.5.2 Traditional Neoclassical Growth Theory
    • 3.5.3 Conclusions and Implications
  • 3.6 Classic Theories of Development: Reconciling the Differences
  • ■ Case Study 3: Classic Schools of Thought in Context: South Korea and Argentina
  • Appendix 3.1 Components of Economic Growth
  • Appendix 3.2 The Solow Neoclassical Growth Model
  • Appendix 3.3 Endogenous Growth Theory
• 4 Contemporary Models of Development and Underdevelopment
  • 4.1 Underdevelopment as a Coordination Failure
  • 4.2 Multiple Equilibria: A Diagrammatic Approach
  • 4.3 Starting Economic Development: The Big Push
    • 4.3.1 The Big Push: A Graphical Model
    • 4.3.2 Other Cases in Which a Big Push May Be Necessary
    • 4.3.3 Why the Problem Cannot Be Solved by a Super-Entrepreneur
  • 4.4 Further Problems of Multiple Equilibria
    • 4.4.1 Inefficient Advantages of Incumbency
    • 4.4.2 Behaviour and Norms
    • 4.4.3 Linkages
    • 4.4.4 Inequality, Multiple Equilibria, and Growth
  • 4.5 Michael Kremer’s O-Ring Theory of Economic Development
    • 4.5.1 The O-Ring Model
    • 4.5.2 Implications of the O-Ring Theory
  • 4.6 Economic Development as Self-Discovery
  • 4.7 The Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco Growth Diagnostics Framework
  • 4.8 Conclusions
  • ■ Case Study 4: China: Understanding a Development “Miracle”
• 5 Poverty, Inequality, and Development
  • 5.1 Measuring Inequality
    • 5.1.1 Size Distributions
    • 5.1.2 Lorenz Curves
    • 5.1.3 Gini Coefficients and Aggregate Measures of Inequality
    • 5.1.4 The Ahluwalia-Chenery Welfare Index (ACWI)
  • 5.2 Measuring Absolute Poverty
    • 5.2.1 Income Poverty
    • 5.2.2 Multidimensional Poverty Measurement
  • 5.3 Poverty, Inequality, and Social Welfare
    • 5.3.1 What is it About Extreme Inequality That’s So Harmful to Economic Development?
    • 5.3.2 Dualistic Development and Shifting Lorenz Curves: Some Stylised Typologies
    • 5.3.3 Kuznets’s Inverted-U Hypothesis
    • 5.3.4 Growth and Inequality
  • 5.4 Absolute Poverty: Extent and Magnitude
    • 5.4.1 The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
  • 5.5 Economic Characteristics of High-Poverty Groups
    • 5.5.1 Children and Poverty
    • 5.5.2 Women and Poverty
    • 5.5.3 Ethnic Minorities, Indigenous Populations, and Poverty
  • 5.6 Growth and Poverty
  • 5.7 Labour, the Functional Distribution of Income, and Inclusive Development
    • 5.7.1 The Functional Distribution
    • 5.7.2 Labour and Inclusive Development
  • 5.8 Policy Options on Income Inequality and Poverty: Some Basic Considerations
    • 5.8.1 Areas of Intervention
    • 5.8.2 Altering the Functional Distribution of Income Through Relative Factor Prices: Minimum Wage and Capital Subsidy Debates
    • 5.8.3 Modifying the Size Distribution Through Increasing Assets of the Poor
    • 5.8.4 Progressive Income and Wealth Taxes
    • 5.8.5 Direct Transfer Payments and the Public Provision of Goods and Services
    • 5.8.6 Applying Insights from Behavioural Economics to Address Poverty
  • 5.9 Summary and Conclusions: The Need for a Package of Policies
  • ■ Case Study 5: India: Complex Challenges and Compelling Opportunities
  • Appendix 5.1 Appropriate Technology and Employment Generation: The Price Incentive Model
  • Appendix 5.2 The Ahluwalia-Chenery Welfare Index
• 6 Population Growth and Economic Development: Causes, Consequences, and Controversies
  • 6.1 The Basic Issue: Population Growth and the Quality of Life
  • 6.2 Population Growth: Past, Present, and Future
    • 6.2.1 World Population Growth Throughout History
    • 6.2.2 Structure of the World’s Population
    • 6.2.3 Demographic Structure and the Hidden Momentum of Population Growth
  • 6.3 Demographic Structure and the Demographic Transition
  • 6.4 The Causes of High Fertility in Developing Countries: The Malthusian and Household Models
    • 6.4.1 The Malthusian Population Trap
    • 6.4.2 Criticisms of the Malthusian Model
    • 6.4.3 The Microeconomic Household Theory of Fertility
    • 6.4.4 The Demand for Children in Developing Countries
    • 6.4.5 Implications for Development and Fertility
  • 6.5 The Consequences of High Fertility: Some Conflicting Perspectives
    • 6.5.1 It’s Not a Real Problem
    • 6.5.2 It’s a Deliberately Contrived False Issue
    • 6.5.3 It’s a Desirable Phenomenon
    • 6.5.4 It Is a Real Problem
    • 6.5.5 Goals and Objectives: Toward a Consensus
  • 6.6 Some Policy Approaches
    • 6.6.1 What Developing Countries Can Do
    • 6.6.2 What the Developed Countries Can Do
    • 6.6.3 How Developed Countries Can Help Developing Countries with Their Population Programmes
    • 6.6.4 Policy for Still-Developing Countries Facing Population Declines
  • ■ Case Study 6: “Twins” Growing Apart: Burundi and Rwanda
• 7 Urbanisation and Rural–Urban Migration: Theory and Policy
  • 7.1 Urbanisation: Trends and Living Conditions
  • 7.2 The Role of Cities
    • 7.2.1 Industrial Districts
    • 7.2.2 Efficient Urban Scale
  • 7.3 Understanding Urban Giants: Causes and Consequences
    • 7.3.1 First-City Bias
    • 7.3.2 The Political Economy of Urban Giants
  • 7.4 The Urban Informal Sector
    • 7.4.1 Policies for the Urban Informal Sector
    • 7.4.2 Women in the Informal Sector
  • 7.5 Migration and Development
  • 7.6 Toward an Economic Theory of Rural–Urban Migration
    • 7.6.1 A Verbal Description of the Todaro Model
    • 7.6.2 A Diagrammatic Presentation
    • 7.6.3 Policy Implications
  • 7.7 Conclusion: A Comprehensive Urbanisation, Migration, and Employment Strategy
  • ■ Case Study 7: Rural–Urban Migration and Urbanisation in Developing Countries: India and Botswana
  • Appendix 7.1 A Mathematical Formulation of the Todaro Migration Model
• 8 Human Capital: Education and Health in Economic Development
  • 8.1 The Central Roles of Education and Health
    • 8.1.1 Education and Health as Joint Investments for Development
    • 8.1.2 Improving Health and Education: Why Increasing Income Is Not Sufficient
  • 8.2 Investing in Education and Health: The Human Capital Approach
    • 8.2.1 Social Versus Private Benefits and Costs
  • 8.3 Child Labour
  • 8.4 The Gender Gap: Discrimination in Education and Health
    • 8.4.1 Education and Gender
    • 8.4.2 Health and Gender
    • 8.4.3 Consequences of Gender Bias in Health and Education
  • 8.5 Educational Systems and Development
    • 8.5.1 The Political Economy of Educational Supply and Demand: The Relationship Between Employment Opportunities and Educational Demands
    • 8.5.2 Distribution of Education
  • 8.6 Health Measurement and Disease Burden
    • 8.6.1 HIV/AIDS
    • 8.6.2 Malaria
    • 8.6.3 Parasitic Worms and Other “Neglected Tropical Diseases”
  • 8.7 Behavioural Economics Insights for Designing Health Policies and Programmes
  • 8.8 Health, Productivity, and Policy
    • 8.8.1 Productivity
    • 8.8.2 Health Systems Policy
  • ■ Case Study 8: Pathways Out of Poverty: Progresa/Oportunidades in Mexico
• 9 Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development
  • 9.1 The Imperative of Agricultural Progress and Rural Development
  • 9.2 Agricultural Growth: Past Progress and Current Challenges
    • 9.2.1 Trends in Agricultural Productivity
    • 9.2.2 Market Failures and the Need for Government Policy
    • 9.2.3 Agricultural Extension
  • 9.3 The Structure of Agrarian Systems in the Developing World
    • 9.3.1 Three Systems of Agriculture
    • 9.3.2 Traditional and Peasant Agriculture in Latin America, Asia, and Africa
    • 9.3.3 Agrarian Patterns in Latin America: Progress and Remaining Poverty Challenges
    • 9.3.4 Transforming Economies: Problems of Fragmentation and Subdivision of Peasant Land in Asia
    • 9.3.5 Subsistence Agriculture and Extensive Cultivation in Africa
  • 9.4 The Important Role of Women
  • 9.5 The Microeconomics of Farmer Behaviour and Agricultural Development
    • 9.5.1 The Transition from Traditional Subsistence to Specialised Commercial Farming
    • 9.5.2 Subsistence Farming: Risk Aversion, Uncertainty, and Survival
    • 9.5.3 The Economics of Sharecropping and Interlocking Factor Markets
    • 9.5.4 Intermediate Steps to Mixed or Diversified Farming
    • 9.5.5 From Divergence to Specialisation: Modern Commercial Farming
  • 9.6 Core Requirements of a Strategy of Agricultural and Rural Development
    • 9.6.1 Improving Small-Scale Agriculture
    • 9.6.2 Institutional and Pricing Policies: Providing the Necessary Economic Incentives
    • 9.6.3 Conditions for Rural Development
  • ■ Case Study 9: The Need to Improve Agricultural Extension for Women Farmers: Kenya and Uganda
• 10 The Environment and Development
  • 10.1 Environment and Development: The Basic Issues
    • 10.1.1 Economics and the Environment
    • 10.1.2 Sustainable Development and Environmental Accounting
    • 10.1.3 Environment Relationships to Population, Poverty, and Economic Growth
    • 10.1.4 Environment and Rural and Urban Development
    • 10.1.5 The Global Environment and Economy
    • 10.1.6 Natural Resource–Based Livelihoods as a Pathway Out of Poverty: Promise and Limitations
    • 10.1.7 The Scope of Domestic-Origin Environmental Degradation
    • 10.1.8 Rural Development and the Environment: A Tale of Two Villages
    • 10.1.9 Environmental Deterioration in Villages
  • 10.2 Global Warming and Climate Change: Scope, Mitigation, and Adaptation
    • 10.2.1 Scope of the Problem
    • 10.2.2 Mitigation
    • 10.2.3 Adaptation
  • 10.3 Economic Models of Environmental Issues
    • 10.3.1 Privately Owned Resources
    • 10.3.2 Common Property Resources
    • 10.3.3 Public Goods and Bads: Regional Environmental Degradation and the Free-Rider Problem
    • 10.3.4 Limitations of the Public-Good Framework
  • 10.4 Urban Development and the Environment
    • 10.4.1 Environmental Problems of Urban Slums
    • 10.4.2 Industrialisation and Urban Air Pollution
    • 10.4.3 Problems of Congestion, Clean Water, and Sanitation
  • 10.5 The Local and Global Costs of Rain Forest Destruction
  • 10.6 Policy Options in Developing and Developed Countries
    • 10.6.1 What Developing Countries Can Do
    • 10.6.2 How Developed Countries Can Help Developing Countries
    • 10.6.3 What Developed Countries Can Do for the Global Environment
  • ■ Case Study 10: A World of Contrasts on One Island: Haiti and the Dominican Republic
• 11 Development Policymaking and the Roles of Market, State, and Civil Society
  • 11.1 A Question of Balance
  • 11.2 Development Planning: Concepts and Rationale
    • 11.2.1 The Planning Mystique
    • 11.2.2 The Nature of Development Planning
    • 11.2.3 Planning in Mixed Developing Economies
    • 11.2.4 The Rationale for Development Planning
  • 11.3 The Development Planning Process: Some Basic Models
    • 11.3.1 Three Stages of Planning
    • 11.3.2 Aggregate Growth Models: Projecting Macro Variables
    • 11.3.3 Multisector Models and Sectoral Projections
    • 11.3.4 Project Appraisal and Social Cost–Benefit Analysis
  • 11.4 Government Failure and Preferences for Markets Over Planning
    • 11.4.1 Problems of Plan Implementation and Plan Failure
    • 11.4.2 The 1980s Policy Shift Toward Free Markets
    • 11.4.3 Government Failure
  • 11.5 The Market Economy
    • 11.5.1 Sociocultural Preconditions and Economic Requirements
  • 11.6 The Washington Consensus on the Role of the State in Development and Its Subsequent Evolution
    • 11.6.1 Toward a New Consensus
  • 11.7 Development Political Economy: Theories of Policy Formulation and Reform
    • 11.7.1 Understanding Voting Patterns on Policy Reform
    • 11.7.2 Institutions and Path Dependency
    • 11.7.3 Democracy Versus Autocracy: Which Facilitates Faster Growth?
  • 11.8 Development Roles of NGOs and the Broader Citizen Sector
  • 11.9 Trends In Governance and Reform
    • 11.9.1 Tackling the Problem of Corruption
    • 11.9.2 Decentralisation
    • 11.9.3 Development Participation
  • ■ Case Study 11: The Role of Development NGOs: BRAC and the Grameen Bank
• 12 International Trade Theory and Development Strategy
  • 12.1 Economic Globalisation: Meaning, Extent, and Limitations
  • 12.2 International Trade: Some Key Issues
    • 12.2.1 Five Basic Questions about Trade and Development
    • 12.2.2 Importance of Exports to Different Developing Nations
    • 12.2.3 Demand Elasticities and Export Earnings Instability
    • 12.2.4 The Terms of Trade and the Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis
  • 12.3 The Traditional Theory of International Trade
    • 12.3.1 Comparative Advantage
    • 12.3.2 Relative Factor Endowments and International Specialisation: The Neoclassical Model
    • 12.3.3 Trade Theory and Development: The Traditional Arguments
  • 12.4 The Critique of Traditional Free-Trade Theory in the Context of Developing-Country Experience
    • 12.4.1 Fixed Resources, Full Employment, and the International Immobility of Capital and Skilled Labour
    • 12.4.2 Fixed, Freely Available Technology and Consumer Sovereignty
    • 12.4.3 Internal Factor Mobility, Perfect Competition, and Uncertainty: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and Issues in Specialisation
    • 12.4.4 The Absence of National Governments in Trading Relations
    • 12.4.5 Balanced Trade and International Price Adjustments
    • 12.4.6 Trade Gains Accruing to Nationals
    • 12.4.7 Some Conclusions on Trade Theory and Economic Development Strategy
  • 12.5 Traditional Trade Strategies and Policy Mechanisms for Development: Export Promotion Versus Import Substitution
    • 12.5.1 Export Promotion: Looking Outward and Seeing Trade Barriers
    • 12.5.2 Import Substitution: Looking Inward but Still Paying Outward
    • 12.5.3 Tariffs, Infant Industries, and the Theory of Protection
    • 12.5.4 The IS Industrialisation Strategy and Results
    • 12.5.5 Foreign-Exchange Rates, Exchange Controls, and the Devaluation Decision
    • 12.5.6 Trade Optimists and Trade Pessimists: Summarising the Traditional Debate
  • 12.6 The Industrialisation Strategy Approach to Export Policy
    • 12.6.1 Export-Oriented Industrialisation Strategy
    • 12.6.2 The New Firm-Level International Trade Research and the Developing Countries
  • 12.7 South–South Trade and Economic Integration
    • 12.7.1 Economic Integration and Development Strategy
    • 12.7.2 Regional Trading Blocs and Prospects for South–South Cooperation
  • ■ Case Study 12: Pioneers in Development Success through Trade and Industrialisation Strategy: South Korea and Taiwan in Comparative Perspective
• 13 Balance of Payments, Debt, Financial Crises, and Sustainable Recovery: Principles, Cases and Policies
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 The Balance of Payments Account
    • 13.2.1 General Considerations
    • 13.2.2 A Hypothetical Illustration: Deficits and Debts
  • 13.3 The Issue of Payments Deficits
    • 13.3.1 Some Initial Policy Issues
    • 13.3.2 Trends in the Balance of Payments
  • 13.4 Accumulation of Debt and Developing-Country Crises: The 1980s Debt Crisis, and its Resolutions and Repercussions
    • 13.4.1 External Debt Accumulation and Crisis: The Basic Transfer Framework
    • 13.4.2 The 1980s Crisis: Background and Analysis
    • 13.4.3 Attempts at Alleviation: Classic IMF Stabilisation Policies, and Strategies for Debt Relief
  • 13.5 The 2000s Global Financial Crisis: Economic Development Impacts and Lessons
    • 13.5.1 Causes of the Crisis and Challenges to Lasting Recovery
    • 13.5.2 Economic Impacts on Developing Countries
    • 13.5.3 Differing Impacts across Regions and Developing Country Groups
    • 13.5.4 Conditions Affecting Prospects for Stability and Growth
  • ■ Case Study 13: Brazil: Meaningful Development or Middle-Income Trap?
• 14 Foreign Finance, Investment, Aid, and Conflict: Controversies and Opportunities
  • 14.1 The International Flow of Financial Resources
  • 14.2 Private Foreign Direct Investment and The Multinational Corporation
    • 14.2.1 Private Foreign Investment: Some Pros and Cons for Development
    • 14.2.2 Private Portfolio Investment: Benefits and Risks
  • 14.3 The Role and Growth of Remittances
  • 14.4 Foreign Aid: The Development Assistance Debate
    • 14.4.1 Conceptual and Measurement Problems
    • 14.4.2 Amounts and Allocations: Public Aid
    • 14.4.3 Why Donors Give Aid
    • 14.4.4 Why Recipient Countries Accept Aid
    • 14.4.5 The Role of Nongovernmental Organisations in Aid
    • 14.4.6 The Effects of Aid
  • 14.5 Conflict and Development
    • 14.5.1 The Scope of Violent Conflict and Conflict Risks
    • 14.5.2 The Consequences of Armed Conflict
    • 14.5.3 The Causes of Armed Conflict and Risk Factors for Conflict
    • 14.5.4 The Resolution and Prevention of Armed Conflict
  • ■ Case Study 14: The Roots of Divergence Among Developing Countries: Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras
• 15 Finance and Fiscal Policy for Development
  • 15.1 The Role of the Financial System in Economic Development
    • 15.1.1 Differences Between Developed- and Developing-Country Financial Systems
  • 15.2 The Role of Central Banks and Alternative Arrangements
    • 15.2.1 Functions of a Fully-Fledged Central Bank
    • 15.2.2 The Role of Development Banking
  • 15.3 Informal Finance and the Rise of Microfinance
    • 15.3.1 Traditional Informal Finance
    • 15.3.2 Microfinance Institutions: How They Work
    • 15.3.3 MFIs: Three Current Policy Debates
    • 15.3.4 Potential Limitations of Microfinance as a Development Strategy
  • 15.4 Formal Financial Systems and Reforms
    • 15.4.1 Financial Liberalisation, Real Interest Rates, Savings, and Investment
    • 15.4.2 Financial Policy and the Role of the State
    • 15.4.3 Debate on the Role of Stock Markets
  • 15.5 Fiscal Policy for Development
    • 15.5.1 Macrostability and Resource Mobilisation
    • 15.5.2 Taxation: Direct and Indirect
  • 15.6 State-Owned Enterprises and Privatisation
    • 15.6.1 The Nature and Scope of SOEs
    • 15.6.2 Improving the Performance of SOEs
    • 15.6.3 Privatisation: Theory and Experience
  • 15.7 Public Administration: The Scarcest Resource
  • ■ Case Study 15: How Two African Success Stories Have Addressed Challenges: Botswana and Mauritius
• Glossary
• Name Index
• Subject Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu