Criminology
Lýsing:Written by bestselling author Larry Siegel, CRIMINOLOGY, 8th Edition, guides you through...
5.390 kr.
Lýsing:
Written by bestselling author Larry Siegel, CRIMINOLOGY, 8th Edition, guides you through the fast-paced field of modern criminology, its most current research and fascinating examples that help you understand criminological theory. Details on the crimes of real-life people illustrate concepts, while unbiased coverage of even the most controversial topics -- ranging from responses to sexual assault on campus to cybercrime -- enables you to form your own opinions about current issues and events.
Annað
- Höfundur: Larry Siegel
- Útgáfa:8
- Útgáfudagur: 2022-03-07
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9798214341149
- Print ISBN: 9780357624746
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- About the Author
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part 1. Concepts of Crime, Law, and Criminology
- 1. Crime and Criminology
- Elements of Criminology
- Criminal Statistics/Crime Measurement
- Sociology of Law/Law and Society/Sociolegal Studies
- Developing Theories of Crime Causation
- Understanding and Describing Criminal Behavior
- Penology: Punishment, Sanctions, and Corrections
- Victimology
- A Brief History of Criminology
- Classical Criminology
- Positivist Criminology
- Sociological Criminology
- Conflict Criminology
- Developmental Criminology
- Contemporary Criminology
- How Criminologists View Crime
- The Consensus View of Crime
- The Conflict View of Crime
- The Interactionist View of Crime
- Criminology and the Criminal Law
- Common Law
- Contemporary Criminal Law
- The Evolution of Criminal Law
- Criminology and Criminal Justice
- The Criminal Justice System
- The Process of Justice
- Conflicts of Justice
- Ethical Issues in Criminology
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Elements of Criminology
- 2. The Nature and Extent of Crime
- Official Records: The Uniform Crime Report
- Clearance Rates
- Validity of the UCR
- National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
- Survey Research
- The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
- Validity of the NCVS
- Self-Report Surveys
- Validity of Self-Reports
- Evaluating Crime Data
- Alternative Crime Measures
- Cohort Research Data
- Experimental Research
- Observational and Interview Data
- Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Data
- Crime Trends
- Contemporary Trends
- COVID-19 and Changing Crime Rate Trajectories
- What the Future Holds
- Patterns and Trends in the Crime Rate
- Place and Time of Crime
- Season and Temperature
- Gender
- Race and Crime
- Immigration and Crime
- Abortion
- Firearm Availability
- Poverty
- Unemployment and Crime
- Age and Crime
- Peers, Co-offending, Gangs, and Crime
- Substance Abuse and Crime
- The Media and Crime
- Justice Policy and Crime Rates
- Social Problems and Crime
- Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers
- Chronicity and Persistence?
- Implications of the Chronic Offender Concept
- Critical Thinking.
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Official Records: The Uniform Crime Report
- 3. Victims and Victimization
- The Costs of Victimization
- Justice System Costs
- Children and Family Costs
- Personal Costs
- Fear and Anxiety
- Victim Blaming
- Victimization and Crime
- The Links between Victimization and Crime
- The Nature of Victimization
- The Social Ecology of Victimization
- The Victim’s Household
- Victim Characteristics
- Repeat Victimization
- Victims and Their Criminals
- Theories of Victimization
- Victim Precipitation Theory
- Lifestyle Theories
- Deviant Place Theory
- Routine Activities Theory
- Caring for the Victim
- Victim Service Programs
- Victims’ Rights
- Self-Protection
- Fighting Back
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- The Costs of Victimization
- 1. Crime and Criminology
- 4. Rational Choice Theory
- Pre-Classical Explanations of Crime
- Development of Rational Choice Theory
- The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Classical Theory
- Choice Theory Emerges
- Thinking about Crime
- Concepts of Rational Choice
- Why Crime?
- Evaluating the Risks of Crime
- Human Agency
- Offense-Specific/Offender-Specific
- Offender-Specific Factors
- Structuring the Criminal’s Choice
- Offense-Specific Factors
- Structuring the Criminal Act
- Is Crime Truly Rational?
- Is Drug Use Rational?
- Is Violence Rational?
- Is Hate Crime Rational?
- Are Sex Offenses Rational?
- Selfish or Concerned?
- Situational Crime Prevention
- Crime Prevention Strategies
- Evaluating Situational Crime Prevention
- General Deterrence
- Perception and Deterrence
- Perception and the Justice System
- Punishment and Deterrence
- Evaluating General Deterrence
- Specific Deterrence
- Toughen Punishment?
- Incapacitation
- Policy Implications of Choice Theory
- Policing and Rational Choice
- Sentencing and Rational Choice
- Just Desert
- Critical Thinking.
- Summary
- Key Terms
- 5. Trait Theories
- Foundations of Trait Theory
- Biological Positivism
- Cesare Lombroso
- Lombroso’s Contemporaries
- The Legacy of Biological Criminology
- Sociobiology
- Contemporary Trait Theories
- Individual Vulnerability versus Differential Susceptibility
- Biological-Based Trait Theory: Biosocial Theory
- Biochemical Conditions and Crime
- Neurophysiological Conditions and Crime
- Genetics and Crime
- Evolutionary Theory
- Evaluation of the Biosocial Branch of Trait Theory
- Psychological Trait Theories
- Psychodynamic Theory
- Behavioral Theory
- Cognitive Theory
- Personality and Crime
- The Antisocial Personality
- Research on Personality
- Intelligence and Crime
- Nurture Theory
- Debating Intelligence Affects
- Public Policy Implications of Trait Theory
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Foundations of Trait Theory
- 6. Social Structure Theories
- Development of Sociological Criminology
- Quetelet and Durkheim
- The Chicago School and Beyond
- Socioeconomic Structure and Crime
- The Underclass
- Child Poverty
- Racial Minority Group Poverty
- Income Inequality
- Social Structure Theories
- The Three Branches of Social Structure Theory
- Social Disorganization Theory
- Foundations of Social Disorganization Theory
- The Legacy of Shaw and McKay
- The Social Ecology School
- Broken Windows
- Poverty Concentration
- Chronic Unemployment
- Community Fear
- Community Change
- Collective Efficacy
- Informal Social Control
- Institutional Social Control
- Public Social Control
- The Effect of Collective Efficacy
- Strain Theories
- The Concept of Anomie
- Merton’s Theory of Anomie
- Social Adaptations
- Evaluation of Anomie Theory
- Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT)
- Impact of Anomie
- Testing the IAT
- General Strain Theory
- Causes of Strain
- Sources of Strain
- Coping with Strain
- Race and the General Strain Theory of Crime
- Evaluating the GST
- Cultural Deviance Theories
- Conduct Norms
- Focal Concerns
- Theory of Delinquent Subcultures
- Middle-Class Measuring Rods
- The Formation of Deviant Subcultures
- Theory of Differential Opportunity
- Differential Opportunities
- Evaluating Social Structure Theories
- Public Policy Implications of Social Structure Theory
- Community Policing
- Critical Thinking.
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Development of Sociological Criminology
- 7. Social Process Theory
- Institutions of Socialization
- Family Relations
- Educational Experience
- Peer Relations
- Religion and Belief
- Socialization and Crime
- Social Learning Theories
- Differential Association Theory
- Differential Reinforcement Theory
- Neutralization Theory
- Evaluating Learning Theories
- Social Control Theory
- Hirschi’s Social Control Theory
- Testing Social Control Theory: Supportive Research
- Assessing Social Control Theory
- Social Reaction (Labeling) Theory
- Consequences of Labeling
- Primary and Secondary Deviance
- Criminal Careers
- Differential Enforcement
- Long-Term Effects of Labeling
- Is Labeling Theory Valid?
- Social Process Theory and Public Policy
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Institutions of Socialization
- 8. Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice
- Critical Criminology
- The Historical Development of Critical Criminology
- Productive Forces and Productive Relations
- A Marxist Vision of Crime
- Creating a Critical Criminology
- Contemporary Critical Theory
- How Critical Criminologists Define Crime
- How Critical Criminologists View the Cause of Crime
- Failing Social Institutions
- Globalization
- What Are Real Crimes?
- State-Organized Crime
- Illegal Domestic Surveillance
- Human Rights Violations
- State-Corporate Crime
- State Violence
- Instrumental versus Structural Theory
- Instrumental Theory
- Structural Theory
- Alternative Views of Critical Theory
- Black Criminology
- Critical Feminist Theory: Gendered Criminology
- Queer Criminology
- Left Realism
- Peacemaking Criminology
- Critical Theory and Public Policy: Restorative Justice
- The Concept of Restorative Justice
- Reintegrative Shaming
- The Process of Restoration
- Restoration Programs
- Reconciliation
- The Challenge of Restorative Justice
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- 9. Developmental Theories: Life Course, Latent Trait, and Trajectory
- Foundations of Developmental Theory
- Criminal Career Research
- Life Course, Latent Traits, and Trajectories
- Population Heterogeneity versus State Dependence
- Life Course Fundamentals
- Disruption Promotes Criminality
- Changing Life Influences
- Life Course Concepts
- Problem Behavior Syndrome
- Offense Specialization/Generalization
- Early Onset
- Why Do People Persist?
- Why Do People Desist?
- Theories of the Criminal Life Course
- Sampson and Laub: Age-Graded Theory
- Trajectories, Transitions, and Turning Points
- Cumulative Disadvantage
- Social Capital
- Testing Age-Graded Theory
- The Marriage Factor
- Age-Graded Theory Validity
- Propensity/Latent Trait Theories
- How Can the Aging Out Process Be Explained?
- Identifying Latent Traits
- General Theory of Crime
- What Causes Impulsivity?
- What Causes Crime Rate Variations?
- Empirical Support for GTC
- Analyzing the GTC
- Questions Remaining about the GTC
- Trajectory Theory
- Early, Late, and Nonstarters
- Chronic Offending
- Abstainers and Late Bloomers
- Pathways to Crime
- Loeber’s Pathways to Crime
- Adolescent-Limited Offenders versus Life Course Persisters
- Evaluating Developmental Theories
- Public Policy Implications of Developmental Theory
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Foundations of Developmental Theory
- 10. Interpersonal Violence
- The Causes of Violence
- Psychological/Biological Abnormality
- Human Instinct
- Substance Abuse
- Violence in the Home
- Exposure to Violence
- Cultural Values
- Cultural Values: National Values
- Forcible Rape and Sexual Assault
- History of Rape
- Rape and War
- Incidence of Rape
- Types of Rape and Rapists
- Rape on Campus
- The Causes of Rape
- Rape and the Law
- Proving Rape
- Murder and Homicide
- Degrees of Murder
- The Nature and Extent of Murder
- Murderous Relations
- Multiple Murders
- Serial Murder
- Mass Murder
- Spree Killing
- Assault and Battery
- Nature and Extent of Assault
- Assault in the Home
- Dating Abuse
- Robbery
- Types of Robbers/Types of Robberies
- The Calculating Robber
- Acquaintance Robbery
- Hate Crimes
- The Roots of Hate
- Nature and Extent of Hate Crimes
- Controlling Hate Crimes
- Workplace Violence
- Creating Workplace Violence
- The Extent of Workplace Violence
- Can Workplace Violence Be Controlled?
- Stalking
- Why Stalkers Stalk
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- The Causes of Violence
- 11. Political Crime and Terrorism
- What Is a Political Crime?
- The Nature of Political Crimes
- Becoming a Political Criminal
- Types of Political Crimes
- Election Fraud
- Abuse of Office/Public Corruption
- Treason
- Espionage
- State Political Crime
- Terrorism
- Terrorist and Guerilla
- Terrorist and Insurgent
- Terrorist and Revolutionary
- A Brief History of Terrorism
- Two Hundred Years of Terror
- Contemporary Forms of Terrorism
- Political Terrorists
- Revolutionary Terrorism
- Nationalist Terrorism
- Retributive Terrorism
- State-Sponsored Terrorism
- Lone Wolf Terrorists
- What Motivates the Terrorist?
- Psychological View
- Alienation View
- Family Conflict View
- Political View
- Socialization/Friendship View
- Ideological View
- Religious Fanaticism
- Explaining State-Sponsored Terrorism
- Extent of the Terrorism Threat
- Who Are the Most Active Terrorist Groups?
- Criminal Justice Response to Terrorism
- Combating Terrorism with Law Enforcement
- Combating Terrorism with the Law
- Combating Terrorism with Political Change
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- What Is a Political Crime?
- 12. Economic Crimes: Blue-Collar, White-Collar, and Green-Collar
- History of Economic Crimes
- Theft in the Eighteenth Century
- Theft in the Nineteenth Century: Train Robbery and Safecracking
- Development of White-Collar and Green-Collar Crime
- Blue-Collar Crimes and Criminals: Occasional and Professional
- Professional Thieves
- Becoming a Professional Thief
- Larceny
- Shoplifting
- Credit Card Theft
- Auto Theft
- Bad Checks
- Receiving and Fencing Stolen Property
- Burglary
- Nature and Extent of Burglary
- Professional Burglars
- Arson
- False Pretenses or Fraud
- Confidence Games
- White-Collar Crime
- Business Frauds and Swindles
- Chiseling
- Exploitation
- Influence Peddling
- Employee Fraud and Embezzlement
- Client Fraud
- Corporate Crime
- Green-Collar Crime
- Defining Green-Collar Crime
- Forms of Green Crime
- Worker Safety Violations
- Illegal Logging
- Illegal Wildlife Exporting
- Illegal Fishing
- Illegal Dumping and Polluting
- Theories of White-Collar and Green-Collar Crime
- Rational Choice: Greed
- Rational Choice: Need
- Rationalization/Neutralization View
- Cultural View
- Self-Control View
- Controlling White-Collar and Green-Collar Crime
- Environmental Laws
- Enforcing the Law
- Compliance versus Deterrence Strategies
- Critical Thinking: Imprison the Rich?
- Summary
- Key Terms
- History of Economic Crimes
- 13. Public Order Crimes
- Law and Morality
- Are Victimless Crimes Victimless?
- The Theory of Social Harm
- Moral Crusaders and Moral Crusades
- Sex-Related Offenses
- Paraphilias
- Pedophilia/Hebephilia/Ephebophilia
- Prostitution and Sex Work
- Sex Work Today
- Incidence of Sex Work
- Sex Work in Other Nations
- Types of Sex Workers
- Becoming a Sex Worker
- Dangers of Sex Work
- Obscenity/Pornography
- Is Pornography Harmful?
- Pornography and the Law
- Substance Abuse
- When Did Drug Use Begin?
- Alcohol and Its Prohibition
- Causes of Substance Abuse
- Substance Abuse and Crime
- Drugs and the Law
- Drug Control Strategies
- Legalization of Drugs
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Law and Morality
- 14. Crimes of the New Millennium: Cybercrime and Transnational Organized Crime
- Development of Cybercrime
- Cybertheft: Cybercrimes for Profit
- Theft from ATMs
- Distributing Illicit or Illegal Services and Material
- Illegal Drug Distribution
- Denial-of-Service Attack
- Internet Extortion/Ransomware
- Illegal Copyright Infringement
- Internet Securities Fraud
- Identity Theft
- Phishing
- Etailing Fraud
- Economic Stimulus Scam
- Cybervandalism: Cybercrime with Malicious Intent
- Swatting
- Worms, Viruses, Trojan Horses, Logic Bombs, and Spam
- Website Defacement
- Cyberstalking
- Cyberbullying
- Cyberspying
- Combating Cybercrime
- International Treaties
- Cybercrime Enforcement Agencies
- Cyberwar: Politically Motivated Cybercrime
- Cyberespionage
- Cyberattacks
- Cyberterrorism
- Combating Cyberwar
- Transnational Organized Crime
- Origins of Organized Crime
- Characteristics of Transnational Organized Crime
- Activities of Transnational Organized Crime
- Human Trafficking
- Gangs in the Digital Age
- Transnational Gangs
- Controlling Transnational Crime
- Critical Thinking
- Summary
- Key Terms
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 18879
- Útgáfuár : 2022
- Leyfi : 380
