Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Author
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• List of Applications
• List of Videos
• Preface
• Instructor and Student Resources
• A Note to the Student
• Measurement and the Properties of Matter
  • 1.1 Chemistry: The Study of a Science for the Twenty-First Century
  • 1.2 The Scientific Method
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Search for the Higgs Boson
  • 1.3 Measurement
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Importance of Units
  • 1.4 Handling Numbers
  • 1.5 Dimensional Analysis in Solving Problems
  • 1.6 Real-World Problem Solving: Information, Assumptions, and Simplifications
  • 1.7 Classifications of Matter
  • 1.8 The Three Common States of Matter
  • 1.9 Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
  • 2.1 The Atomic Theory
  • 2.2 The Structure of the Atom
  • 2.3 Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes
  • 2.4 The Periodic Table
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Distribution of Elements on Earth and in Living Systems
  • 2.5 Molecules and Ions
  • 2.6 Chemical Formulas
  • 2.7 Naming Compounds
  • 2.8 Introduction to Organic Compounds
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equation
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
  • 3.1 Atomic Mass
  • 3.2 Avogadro’s Number and the Molar Mass of an Element
  • 3.3 Molecular Mass
  • 3.4 The Mass Spectrometer
  • 3.5 Percent Composition of Compounds
  • 3.6 Experimental Determination of Empirical Formulas
  • 3.7 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations
  • 3.8 Amounts of Reactants and Products
  • 3.9 Limiting Reactants
  • 3.10 Reaction Yield and Atom Economy
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Chemical Fertilizers
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
  • 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
  • 4.2 Precipitation Reactions
  • Chemistry in Action
  • An Undesirable Precipitation Reaction
  • 4.3 Acid-Base Reactions
  • 4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Breathalyzer
  • 4.5 Concentration of Solutions
  • 4.6 Gravimetric Analysis
  • 4.7 Titrations
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Metal from the Sea
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Gases
  • 5.1 Substances That Exist as Gases
  • 5.2 Pressure of a Gas
  • 5.3 The Gas Laws
  • 5.4 The Ideal Gas Equation
  • 5.5 Gas Stoichiometry
  • 5.6 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Scuba Diving and the Gas Laws
  • 5.7 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Super Cold Atoms
  • 5.8 Deviation from Ideal Behavior
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Thermochemistry
  • 6.1 The Nature of Energy and Types of Energy
  • 6.2 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
  • 6.3 Introduction to Thermodynamics
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Making Snow and Inflating a Bicycle Tire
  • 6.4 Enthalpy of Chemical Reactions
  • 6.5 Calorimetry
  • Chemistry in Action
  • White Fat Cells, Brown Fat Cells, and a Potential Cure for Obesity
  • 6.6 Standard Enthalpy of Formation and Reaction
  • Chemistry in Action
  • How a Bombardier Beetle Defends Itself
  • 6.7 Heat of Solution and Dilution
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
  • 7.1 From Classical Physics to Quantum Theory
  • 7.2 The Photoelectric Effect
  • 7.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Laser—The Splendid Light
  • 7.4 The Dual Nature of the Electron
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Electron Microscopy
  • 7.5 Quantum Mechanics
  • 7.6 Quantum Numbers
  • 7.7 Atomic Orbitals
  • 7.8 Electron Configuration
  • 7.9 The Building-Up Principle
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Quantum Dots
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Periodic Relationships Among the Elements
  • 8.1 Development of the Periodic Table
  • 8.2 Periodic Classification of the Elements
  • 8.3 Periodic Variation in Physical Properties
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Third Liquid Element?
  • 8.4 Ionization Energy
  • 8.5 Electron Affinity
  • 8.6 Variation in Chemical Properties of the Representative Elements
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Discovery of the Noble Gases
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equation
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Compounds and Bonding
  • 9.1 Lewis Dot Symbols
  • 9.2 The Ionic Bond
  • 9.3 Lattice Energy of Ionic Compounds
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Sodium Chloride—A Common and Important Ionic Compound
  • 9.4 The Covalent Bond
  • 9.5 Electronegativity
  • 9.6 Writing Lewis Structures
  • 9.7 Formal Charge and Lewis Structure
  • 9.8 The Concept of Resonance
  • 9.9 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Just Say NO
  • 9.10 Bond Enthalpy
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equation
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Structure and Bonding Theories
  • 10.1 Molecular Geometry
  • 10.2 Dipole Moments
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Microwave Ovens—Dipole Moments at Work
  • 10.3 Valence Bond Theory
  • 10.4 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
  • 10.5 Hybridization in Molecules Containing Double and Triple Bonds
  • 10.6 Molecular Orbital Theory
  • 10.7 Molecular Orbital Configurations
  • 10.8 Delocalized Molecular Orbitals
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Buckyball, Anyone?
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
  • 11.1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and Solids
  • 11.2 Intermolecular Forces
  • 11.3 Properties of Liquids
  • Chemistry in Action
  • A Very Slow Pitch
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Why Do Lakes Freeze from the Top Down?
  • 11.4 Crystal Structure
  • 11.5 X-Ray Diffraction by Crystals
  • 11.6 Types of Crystals
  • Chemistry in Action
  • High-Temperature Superconductors
  • Chemistry in Action
  • And All for the Want of a Button
  • 11.7 Amorphous Solids
  • 11.8 Phase Changes
  • 11.9 Phase Diagrams
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Hard-Boiling an Egg on a Mountaintop, Pressure Cookers, and Ice Skating
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Liquid Crystals
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Physical Properties of Solutions
  • 12.1 Types of Solutions
  • 12.2 A Molecular View of the Solution Process
  • 12.3 Concentration Units
  • 12.4 The Effect of Temperature on Solubility
  • 12.5 The Effect of Pressure on the Solubility of Gases
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Killer Lake
  • 12.6 Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions
  • 12.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Dialysis
  • 12.8 Colloids
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Chemical Kinetics
  • 13.1 The Rate of a Reaction
  • 13.2 Rate Laws
  • 13.3 The Relation Between Reactant Concentration and Time
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Radiocarbon Dating
  • 13.4 Activation Energy and Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants
  • 13.5 Reaction Mechanisms
  • 13.6 Catalysis
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Chemical Equilibrium
  • 14.1 The Concept of Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Constant
  • 14.2 Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions
  • 14.3 The Relationship Between Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium
  • 14.4 What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us?
  • 14.5 Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Life at High Altitudes and Hemoglobin Production
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Haber Process
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Acids and Bases
  • 15.1 Brønsted Acids and Bases
  • 15.2 The Acid-Base Properties of Water
  • 15.3 pH—A Measure of Acidity
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Antacids and the pH Balance in Your Stomach
  • 15.4 Strength of Acids and Bases
  • 15.5 Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants
  • 15.6 Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants
  • 15.7 The Relationship Between the Ionization Constants of Acids and Their Conjugate Bases
  • 15.8 Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids
  • 15.9 Molecular Structure and the Strength of Acids
  • 15.10 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
  • 15.11 Acid-Base Properties of Oxides and Hydroxides
  • 15.12 Lewis Acids and Bases
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
  • 16.1 The Common Ion Effect
  • 16.2 Buffer Solutions
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Maintaining the pH of Blood
  • 16.3 Acid-Base Titrations
  • 16.4 Acid-Base Indicators
  • 16.5 Solubility Equilibria
  • 16.6 Separation of Ions by Fractional Precipitation
  • 16.7 Factors Affecting Solubility
  • Chemistry in Action
  • How an Eggshell Is Formed
  • 16.8 Solubility and Qualitative Analysis
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Entropy, Gibbs Energy, and Equilibrium
  • 17.1 Spontaneous Processes
  • 17.2 Entropy
  • 17.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
  • 17.4 Gibbs Energy
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Efficiency of Heat Engines
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Thermodynamics of a Rubber Band
  • 17.5 Gibbs Energy and Chemical Equilibrium
  • 17.6 Thermodynamics in Living Systems
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Electrochemistry
  • 18.1 Redox Reactions
  • 18.2 Galvanic Cells
  • 18.3 Standard Reduction Potentials
  • 18.4 Thermodynamics of Redox Reactions
  • 18.5 The Effect of Concentration on Cell Emf
  • 18.6 Batteries and Fuel Cells
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Bacteria Power
  • 18.7 Corrosion
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Dental Filling Discomfort
  • 18.8 Electrolysis
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Nuclear Chemistry
  • 19.1 The Nature of Nuclear Reactions
  • 19.2 Nuclear Stability
  • 19.3 Natural Radioactivity
  • 19.4 Nuclear Transmutation
  • 19.5 Nuclear Fission
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Nature’s Own Fission Reactor
  • 19.6 Nuclear Fusion
  • 19.7 Uses of Isotopes
  • 19.8 Biological Effects of Radiation
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Food Irradiation
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equations
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Chemistry in the Atmosphere
  • 20.1 Earth’s Atmosphere
  • 20.2 Phenomena in the Outer Layers of the Atmosphere
  • 20.3 Depletion of Ozone in the Stratosphere
  • 20.4 Volcanoes
  • 20.5 The Greenhouse Effect
  • 20.6 Acid Rain
  • 20.7 Photochemical Smog
  • 20.8 Indoor Pollution
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals
  • 21.1 Occurrence of Metals
  • 21.2 Metallurgical Processes
  • 21.3 Band Theory of Electrical Conductivity
  • 21.4 Periodic Trends in Metallic Properties
  • 21.5 The Alkali Metals
  • 21.6 The Alkaline Earth Metals
  • 21.7 Aluminum
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Recycling Aluminum
  • 21.8 Iron and Copper
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds
  • 22.1 General Properties of Nonmetals
  • 22.2 Hydrogen
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Metallic Hydrogen
  • 22.3 Carbon
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Synthetic Gas from Coal
  • 22.4 Nitrogen and Phosphorus
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Ammonium Nitrate—The Explosive Fertilizer
  • 22.5 Oxygen and Sulfur
  • 22.6 The Halogens
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Coordination Chemistry
  • 23.1 Properties of the Transition Metals
  • 23.2 Coordination Compounds
  • 23.3 Structure of Coordination Compounds
  • 23.4 Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory
  • 23.5 Reactions of Coordination Compounds
  • 23.6 Applications of Coordination Compounds
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Coordination Compounds in Living Systems
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Cisplatin—The Anticancer Drug
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Equation
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Organic Chemistry
  • 24.1 Classes of Organic Compounds
  • 24.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Ice That Burns
  • 24.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 24.4 Chemistry of the Functional Groups
  • Chemistry in Action
  • The Petroleum Industry
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers
  • 25.1 Properties of Polymers
  • 25.2 Synthetic Organic Polymers
  • 25.3 Proteins
  • Chemistry in Action
  • Sickle Cell Anemia—A Molecular Disease
  • 25.4 Nucleic Acids
  • Chemistry in Action
  • DNA Fingerprinting
  • Chapter Summary
  • Key Words
  • Questions & Problems
• Periodic Table
• Appendix 1 Units for the Gas Constant
• Appendix 2 Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25°C
• Appendix 3 Dissociation Constants for Weak Acids and Bases at 25°C
• Appendix 4 Solubility Product Constants at 25°C
• Appendix 5 Mathematical Operations
• Appendix 6 Fundamental Constants, Useful Conversion Factors, and SI Prefixes
• Appendix 7 Color Codes for Molecular Models
• Glossary
• Answers to Even-Numbered Problems
• Index

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