Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title page
• About the Cover
• Copyright page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
  • New to the Third Edition
  • Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• Media & Supplements to accompany An Introduction to Conservation Biology Third Edition
  • enhanced e-book (ISBN 978-0-19755-907-9)
• 1 Defining Conservation Biology
  • 1.1 The New Science of Conservation Biology
    • The roots of conservation biology
    • A new science is born
    • The interdisciplinary approach: A case study with sea turtles
  • 1.2 The Organizational Values of Conservation Biology
  • 1.3 Looking to the Future
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 2 What Is Biodiversity?
  • 2.1 Species Diversity
    • What is a species?
    • Measuring species diversity
  • 2.2 Genetic Diversity
    • How does genetic diversity arise?
    • Measuring genetic diversity
  • 2.3 Ecosystem Diversity
    • What are communities and ecosystems?
    • Species interactions within ecosystems
    • Trophic levels
    • Food chains and food webs
    • Keystone species and resources
    • Ecosystem dynamics
  • 2.4 Biodiversity Worldwide
    • How many species exist worldwide?
    • Where is the world’s biodiversity found?
      • Tropical Forests
      • Oceanic Diversity
      • Lakes and Rivers
      • Mediterranean-Type Communities
    • The distribution of species
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 3 The Value of Biodiversity
  • 3.1 Ecological and Environmental Economics
    • Cost-benefit analysis
    • Financing conservation
    • What are species worth?
    • Ecosystem services
  • 3.2 Use Values
    • Direct use values
    • Consumptive use value
    • Productive use value
      • Forest Products
      • The Natural Pharmacy
    • Indirect use values
    • Ecosystem productivity
    • Water and soil protection
    • Climate regulation
    • Species relationships and environmental monitors
    • Amenity value
    • Educational and scientific value
    • Multiple uses of a single resource: A case study
  • 3.3 The Long-Term View: Option Value
  • 3.4 Existence Value
  • 3.5 Environmental Ethics
    • Ethical values of biodiversity
      • Each Species has a Right to Exist
      • All Species are Interdependent
      • People have a Responsibility to act as Stewards of the Earth
      • People have a Responsibility to Future Generations
      • Respect for Human Life and Human Diversity is Compatible with a Respect for Biodiversity
      • People Benefit from Aesthetic and Recreational Enjoyment of Biodiversity
      • People Benefit from the Knowledge the Natural world Provides
    • Deep ecology
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 4 Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Change
  • 4.1 Human Population Growth and Its Impact
  • 4.2 Habitat Destruction
    • Tropical rain forests
    • Other threatened habitats
      • Tropical Deciduous Forests
      • Grasslands
      • Freshwater Habitats
      • Marine Coastal Areas
      • Mangroves
      • Coral Reefs
    • Desertification
  • 4.3 Habitat Fragmentation
    • Threats posed by habitat fragmentation
      • Limits to Dispersal and Colonization
      • Restricted Access to Food and Mates
      • Creation of Smaller Populations
      • Interspecies Interactions
    • Edge effects
  • 4.4 Environmental Degradation and Pollution
    • Pesticide pollution
    • Water pollution
    • Air pollution
      • Acid Rain
      • Ozone Production and Nitrogen Deposition
      • Toxic Metals
  • 4.5 A Concluding Remark and Reason for Hope
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 5 Climate Change and Other Threats to Biodiversity
  • 5.1 Global Climate Change
    • The relationship between carbon and temperature
    • Cascading effects of increased temperature
    • Ocean acidification, warming, and rising sea level
    • Shifting species ranges and other impacts
  • 5.2 Overexploitation
    • International wildlife trade
    • Commercial harvesting
  • 5.3 Invasive Species
    • Threats posed by invasive species
    • Invasive species on oceanic islands
    • Invasive species in aquatic habitats
    • The ability of species to become invasive
    • Control of invasive species
    • GMOs and conservation biology
  • 5.4 Disease
  • 5.5 A Concluding Remark
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 6 Extinction Risk
  • 6.1 The Meaning of “Extinct”
    • The current, human-caused mass extinction
    • Local extinctions
    • Extinction rates in aquatic environments
  • 6.2 Measuring Extinction
    • Background extinction rates
    • Extinction rate predictions and the island biogeography model
    • Extinction rates and habitat loss
  • 6.3 Vulnerability to Extinction
  • 6.4 Problems of Small Populations
    • Loss of genetic diversity
    • Consequences of reduced genetic diversity
      • Inbreeding Depression
      • Outbreeding Depression
      • Loss of Evolutionary Flexibility
    • Factors that determine effective population size
      • Unequal Sex Ratio
      • Variation in Reproductive Output
      • Population Fluctuations and Bottlenecks
      • Managing for Genetic Variation
    • The impact of stochasticity
      • Demographic Stochasticity
      • Environmental Stochasticity and Catastrophes
    • The Extinction Vortex
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 7 Conserving Populations and Species
  • 7.1 Applied Population Biology
    • Researching existing information
      • Peer-Reviewed Literature
      • “Gray” Literature
      • Other Online Sources
    • New data through fieldwork
      • Census
      • Survey
      • Demographic Study
      • Laboratory Analysis of Biological Material
    • Population viability analysis (PVA)
    • Minimum viable population (MVP)
    • Metapopulations
    • Long-term monitoring
  • 7.2 Conservation Categories
  • 7.3 Prioritization: What Should Be Protected?
    • The species approach
    • The ecosystem approach
    • The wilderness approach
    • The hotspot approach
  • 7.4 Legal Protection of Species
    • National laws
    • International agreements
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 8 Establishing New Populations and Ex Situ Conservation
  • 8.1 Establishing and Reinforcing Populations
    • Special considerations for animal programs
    • Behavioral ecology of released animals
    • Establishing plant populations
    • The status of new populations
  • 8.2 Ex Situ Conservation Strategies
    • Zoos
    • Aquariums
    • Botanical gardens
    • Seed banks
  • 8.3 Can Technology Bring Back Extinct Species?
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 9 Protected Areas
  • 9.1 Establishment and Classification of Protected Areas
    • Marine protected areas
    • The effectiveness of protected areas
    • Measuring effectiveness: Gap analysis
  • 9.2 Designing Protected Areas
    • Protected area size and characteristics
  • 9.3 Networks of Protected Areas
    • Habitat corridors
  • 9.4 Landscape Ecology and Park Design
  • 9.5 Managing Protected Areas
    • Managing sites
      • Keystone Resources
    • Monitoring sites
    • Management and people
    • Zoning as a solution to conflicting demands
    • Biosphere reserves
  • 9.6 Challenges to PA Management
    • Poaching
    • Trophy hunting
    • Human-animal conflict
    • Degradation
    • Climate change
    • Funding and personnel
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 10 Conservation Outside Protected Areas
  • 10.1 The Value of Unprotected Habitat
    • Military land
    • Unprotected ecosystems
      • Forests
      • Grasslands
      • Unprotected Waters
    • Land that is undesirable to humans
    • Private land
  • 10.2 Conservation in Urban and Other Human-Dominated Areas
    • Urban areas
    • Other human-dominated landscapes
  • 10.3 Ecosystem Management
  • 10.4 Working with Local People
    • Biosphere reserves
    • In situ agricultural conservation
    • Extractive reserves
    • Community-based initiatives
    • Payments for ecosystem services
    • Evaluating conservation initiatives that involve traditional societies
  • 10.5 Case Studies: Namibia and Kenya
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 11 Restoration Ecology
  • 11.1 Where to Start?
  • 11.2 Restoration in Urban Areas
  • 11.3 Restoration Using Organisms
  • 11.4 Moving Targets of Restoration
  • 11.5 Restoration of Some Major Communities
    • Wetlands
    • Aquatic systems
    • Prairies and farmlands
    • Tropical dry forest in Costa Rica
  • 11.6 The Future of Restoration Ecology
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 12 The Challenges of Sustainable Development
  • 12.1 Sustainable Development at the Local Level
    • Local and regional conservation regulations
    • Land trusts and related strategies
    • Enforcement and public benefits
  • 12.2 Conservation at the National Level
  • 12.3 International Approaches to Sustainable Development
    • International Earth summits
    • International agreements that protect habitat
  • 12.4 Funding for Conservation
    • International assistance and the World Bank
    • Environmental trust funds
    • Debt-for-nature swaps
    • Other sources of funding
    • How effective is conservation funding?
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
  • List of Key Terms
• 13 An Agenda for the Future
  • 13.1 Ongoing Problems and Possible Solutions
  • 13.2 The Role of Conservation Biologists
    • Challenges for conservation biologists
    • Achieving the agenda
  • Summary
  • For Discussion
  • Suggested Readings
• Appendix Selected Environmental Organizations and Sources of Information
• Glossary
• Bibliography
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10
  • Chapter 11
  • Chapter 12
  • Chapter 13
• Index
• List of Illustrations
• List of Tables

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