Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Preface
• List of Contributors
• Dedication
• Section 1. Context of Children’s Nursing Theories and Practices
  • 1. Historical Perspectives of Children’s Nursing
    • Introduction
    • The Changing Concepts of Childhood
    • Dr Charles West – Father of Children’s Nursing
    • The Origins of Foundling Hospitals and Dispensaries
    • The Establishment of Children’s Hospitals
    • The Growth of Children’s Hospitals
    • The Origins of Education and Registration Of Children’s Nurses
    • Education of Children’s Nurses
    • Contemporary Children’s Nursing in the UK
    • Summary
  • 2. Nursing, Children and Their Childhoods
    • Introduction
    • Theory and Nursing Theory: From Silent Knowing to Critical Thinking
    • Family Centred Care
    • Challenges to Family Centred Care
    • Nursing Theory: Something Borrowed?
    • Pragmatic Children’s Nursing
    • The Process of Learning/Growing in Pragmatic Children’s Nursing
    • Negotiating Care: A Tripartite Discussion
    • Negotiation of Care: Establishing Objectives
    • Outcome Measures: How do we Know if Children’s Nursing Care is of Good Quality?
    • Conclusions
  • 3. Contemporary Child Health Policy: The Implications for Children’s Nurses
    • Introduction
    • The Role of Health Policy
    • Health Inequalities
    • How do Governments Respond to Policy Reviews?
    • UK Policy Variations
    • The Welfare of Children in Hospital (1959)
    • Other Historic Polices and Reports
    • Polices for Transition of Young People From Children’s to Adult Services
    • Polices to Promote Good Public Health for Children and Young People
    • Policies to Improve the Way in Which Children’s and Young People’s Services in Hospitals are Inspected by the Health Care Regulator
    • Polices That are Concerned With Staffing and Workforce in Child Health Areas
    • Facing the Future – Standards for Acute General Paediatric Services (Rcpch 2013)
    • Polices That Promote Child and Family Involvement in Care
    • Policies for Enhancing the Mental Health of Children and Young People
    • Getting it Right – Dealing With Accolades and Complaints
    • Dealing With Complaints
    • Conclusion
  • 4. Contemporary Childhoods and Health
    • Introduction
    • Theories of Childhood
    • Psychological Theories of Childhood
    • Language Development
    • Personality Development
    • Moral Development
    • Children’s Conceptualisation of Health, Illness and Their Internal Bodies
    • Summary
  • 5. Physical Growth and Development in Children
    • Introduction
    • Factors Affecting Growth and Development
    • Physical Growth and Development
    • Assessment of Growth
    • Transition From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life
    • The Newborn Baby
    • 1 Month to 2 Years
    • General Trends in Height and Weight Gain During Childhood
    • Physical Growth From 5 Years to Adolescence
    • Adolescence
    • Suggested Areas for Observation of Children
  • 6. Death and Dying in Childhood
    • Introduction
    • Children’s Concepts of Death
    • Theories of Grief in Child Loss
    • Summary
  • 7. Ethical and Legal Aspects of Child Health Care
    • Introduction
    • The un Convention on the Rights of the Child And the Human Rights Act (1998)
    • The Four Principles of Health Care Ethics
    • The Legal System and Key Legal Principles
    • Refusal Of Treatment
    • End-of-Life Issues
    • Consent To Non-Therapeutic, Controversial or Experimental Treatment
    • Negligence
    • Criminal Liability
    • Summary
• Section 2. Promote, Restore and Stabilise Health Status in Children: A Systems Approach to Childhood Conditions, Disease and Disability
  • 8. Inherited Conditions and the Family
    • Introduction: The Revolution in Genetics and Genomics
    • Genetics and Genomics: The Paradigm Shift
    • The Impact of Genetic Disease on Family Life
    • It Runs In The Family: The Role Of Genetic Factors In Disease
    • Genetics Referral and the Family Journey: the Role of the Children’s Nurse
    • Nurse Education And Standards In Genetics/ Genomic
    • Ethical Issues For Children’s Nurses
    • Summary
  • 9. Contemporary Issues in Genomics and Other ‘Omic’ Technologies for Children’s Nursing: An Introduction
    • Introduction: Genomics – What is all the Fuss About?
    • Mainstreaming Genomics in Paediatric Care. What Are the Implications for Children’s Nursing?
    • Making it Possible – Genomic Technologies
    • Pharmacogenomics
    • Other ‘Omic’ Technologies
    • Epigenomics
    • Ethical Issues and Challenges to Delivering Genomic Health Care
    • So What Does All This Mean for Children’s Nurses?
  • 10. Homeostasis and the Deteriorating Child
    • Introduction
    • Regulation of Homeostasis
    • Recognition and Care of the Deteriorating Child
  • 11. Respiratory Illness in Children
    • Introduction
    • Respiratory Assessment and Examination of the Chest
    • Management of Respiratory Illness in Children
    • Respiratory Infection
    • Asthma
    • Discussion of the Scenarios
  • 12. Caring for Children and Young People With Cardiovascular Problems
    • Introduction
    • The Origins and Development of the Embryonic and Fetal Heart
    • Fetal Circulation and Changes Occurring at Birth
    • Congenital, Inherited and Acquired Cardiac Problems in Children and Young People
    • Summary
  • 13. Children’s Liver Disease
    • Introduction
    • Development, Structure and Functions of the Liver
    • Signs and Symptoms of Liver Disease
    • Childhood liver diseases
    • Liver Transplantation
    • Summary
  • 14. Renal Conditions in Childhood
    • Nephrotic Syndrome
    • Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
    • Wilms Tumour (Nephroblastoma)
    • Acute Kidney Injury
    • Chronic Kidney Disease
    • Transplant
    • Summary
  • 15. Caring for Children With Non-Malignant Haematological Disorders of Childhood
    • Introduction
    • Anatomy and Physiology of the Haematological System
    • Interpretation of Blood Results
    • Non-Malignant Haematological Conditions
    • Management of Children with Haematological Disorders
    • Haemoglobinopathy
    • Thalassaemia
    • Bleeding Disorders
    • Bone Marrow Transplantation
    • Discussion of the Scenarios
  • 16. Caring for a Child With a Neurological Disorder
    • Introduction
    • The Role, Structure and Function of the Nervous System
    • Neurological Disorders in Children
    • Summary
  • 17. Children and Young People With Complex Motor Disability
    • Introduction
    • Definitions, Numbers, Needs and Services
    • Sources Of Information on Children With Complex Motor Disability
    • Families’ Experiences of Services
    • Nursing Assessment and Interventions
    • Summary
  • 18. Caring for Children and Young People With Orthopaedic Disorders
    • Bone Biology
    • Fractures
    • Traction
    • Polytrauma
    • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
    • Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
    • Nursing Care of a Child With a Hip Spica Cast
    • Talipes (Clubfoot)
    • Perthes Disease
    • Discharge Planning
  • 19. Caring for Children With Infection and Altered Immune Responses
    • Introduction
    • The Immune System and Defence Against Infection
    • Inflammation
    • The Adaptive Immune System
    • Conclusion
  • 20. Caring for Children With Diabetes and Other Endocrine Disorders
    • Endocrine System
    • Diabetes Mellitus
    • Type 1 Diabetes
    • TYPE 2 DIABETES
    • Discussion of the Scenarios
    • Summary
  • 21. Caring for Children With Gastrointestinal Problems
    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhoea: Acute and Chronic
    • Malabsorption and Food Allergies
    • Summary
  • 22. Caring for Children With Genitourinary Problems
    • Urinary Tract Infections
    • Vesicoureteric Reflux
    • Hypospadias
    • Cryptorchidism
    • Phimosis and Circumcision
    • Summary
  • 23. Skin Disease in Children and Young People
    • Introduction
    • Biology of the Skin
    • Common Skin Infections
    • Fungal Infections
    • Viral Infections
    • Infestations
    • Eczema
    • Psoriasis
    • Acne Vulgaris
    • Infantile Haemangiomas
    • Epidermolysis Bullosa
    • The Ichthyoses
    • Psychological Effects of Skin Disease on Children and Their Families
• Section 3. Negotiation of Care
  • 24. Recognising and Responding to Child Maltreatment: The Role of the Children’s Nurse
    • Introduction
    • Defining Child Maltreatment and the Interlinking Categories of Abuse
    • The Changing Landscape of Child Protection
    • Conclusion
  • 25. Cultural Aspects of Children’s Nursing
    • What is culture?
    • Summary
  • 26. Empowering Children and Young People and Families in Health Care
    • Introduction
    • Empowerment
    • Section One
    • Section 2
    • Section 3
    • Conclusion
  • 27. Assessing, Planning, Evaluating and Recording Nursing Care for Children and Young People in Partnership
    • Introduction
    • The Nature of Assessment
    • Assessment and Planning in Context
    • Conclusion
  • 28. The Management of Pain in Children and Young People
    • Introduction
    • Why Assessing and Managing Pain in Children and Young People is Important
    • The Anatomy and Physiology of Pain
    • Assessing Pain in Children and Young People
    • Managing Procedural Pain in Children And Young People
    • Managing Acute Pain in Children and Young People
    • Managing Chronic Pain in Children and Young People
    • Summary
  • 29. Transition to Young Adulthood – A Particular Challenge for Developing Young People With Long-Term or Life-Limiting Conditions and Disabilities
    • Introduction
    • Key Concepts: Transition and Trajectory
    • Transition in the Health and Social Care Context
    • Long-Term Conditions
    • Mental Health Transitions – A Global Concern?
    • Priorities for Families
    • Examples of Tools to Support the Transition Process
  • 30. Play for Children and Young People in Hospital and Healthcare Settings
    • The Role of Play for Children and Young People
    • Principles of Play Therapy
    • The Development of Play in The Healthcare Environment
    • The role of the Health Play Specialist
    • Professional Boundaries and Play
    • The Role of Play in Children’s Nursing Practice
    • Play and the Children and Young People with Disability and Complex Healthcare Needs (CHCN)
    • Reducing the Effects of Hospitalisation Through Play
    • Pre and Post Procedural Play
    • The Role of Play in Distraction and Diversional Therapy
    • Desensitisation Through Play
    • Summary
  • 31. Sexual Health in Childhood and Young Adulthood
    • Introduction
    • Sexual Health
    • Age-Appropriate Sexual Behaviour
    • Adolescence and Sexuality
    • Trends in Young People’s Sexual Activity
    • The Consequences of Poor Sexual Health
    • Public Sexual Health Issues
    • Disorders Of Sexual Development
    • The Nurse’s Role
• Section 4. Organisation of Children’s Nursing
  • 32. Health Problems of the Neonate
    • Introduction
    • The Developing Brain
    • Parents
    • Common Neonatal Diseases and Conditions
    • Neonatal Hypothermia
    • Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
    • Neonatal Nutrition
    • Infection in the Neonate
    • Pain in the Neonate
    • Neonatal Respiratory Problems
    • Summary
  • 33. The Role of the Community Children’s Nurse (CCN): Managing Care at ‘Home’
    • Part 1: The Development of the Role of The CCN
    • Part 2: Putting the Child at the Centre: The Importance of Childhood and ‘Home’
    • Part 3: Managing Risk: Negotiating Roles and Care Responsibilities of the Nurse, Child, and/or Carer
    • Part 4: Evaluating Care With the Child and Family
  • 34. Leading Innovation and Improvements in Children’s and Young People’s Nursing Through Best Evidence
    • Practical Reflections
    • Seminar Discusion Topic
    • Professional Conversations
    • Summary
  • 35. Caring for Children With Critical Illness
    • Introduction
    • What is Critical Illness?
    • Organisation of Pic Services
    • Identifying Levels of Paediatric Critical Care
    • Family-Centred Critical Care – Exploring The Evidence
    • Summary
  • 36. Emergency Care, Out of Hospital Care, Emergency Department Assessment and Inpatient Care
    • The Evolution of Emergency Care for Children and Young People
    • Transforming Urgent and Emergency Care
    • Urgent Care Services
    • Major Trauma, Trauma Team and Emergency Care Teams
    • Children’s Nurses in Emergency Departments
    • Family-Centred Care in the Emergency Department
    • Summary
  • 37. Pharmacological Interventions, Calculations, Administration and Evaluation
    • Introduction
    • Calculating to Promote Safe Administration of Medicines
    • Interventions to Promote The Safe Administration of Medicines to Chldren and Young People
    • Pharmacological Knowledge Needed to Support Safe Administration of Medicines to Cyp
    • The Prescription – Why Cyp are Different and Need Special Consideration?
    • Working in Partnership With Children And Families – Evaluating Care and Promoting Adherence to Medication Regimens
  • 38. Children and Surgery
    • Why Children Need Surgery
    • Ethics and the Law in Paediatric Perioperative Settings
    • Pre-Admission Programmes
    • Purpose and Role of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist
    • Flow Through the Operating Rooms
    • Parents In Post-Operative Recovemry
    • Common Paediatric Surgeries
  • 39. Caring for Children and Young People With Cancer
    • Introduction
    • What is Cancer?
    • Cancer Treatments
    • Models of Care Delivery
    • Psychological Well-Being
    • Teenagers And Young Adults
    • Living Beyond A Cancer Diagnosis
    • Palliative and end-of-Life Care and Death
    • Summary
  • 40. Children Living With Long-Term Conditions
    • Introduction
    • Defining Long-Term Conditions
    • Living with a Long-Term Condition: Health-Related Quality of Life
    • Continuity, Relationships and Multi-Disciplinary/Agency Team Working
    • Children Doing It for Themselves! Self-Care in Childhood
    • Long-Term Conditions In A Digital Age
    • Summary
  • 41. Children Living With Long-Term Conditions: Child and Adolescent Mental Health: The Nursing Response
    • Introduction – A Call to Action
    • Understanding the Policy Framework and Legal Context of Caring for Children and Young People with Mental Health Needs
    • Promoting Emotional Health and Well-Being and the Role of Schools
    • Understanding the Link Between Physical and Psychological Health Needs in Children and Young People
    • The Developmental and Social Determinants of Mental Health Issues in Children and Young People
    • The Continuum of Mental Health and Illness and the Factors That Promote Health and Increase Risk Factors
    • The Role of Children’s Nurses in Helping Specific Groups of Young People
    • Using Core Interpersonal Nursing Skills to Support Children and Young People Experiencing Mental Distress
    • The Therapeutic Relationship
    • Summary
  • 42. Children With a Learning Disability and/or Autistic Spectrum Conditions
    • Introduction
    • Context of Care
    • The Prevalence of People With a Learning Disability And/Or an Autistic Spectrum Condition
    • Terminology
    • Diagnosis
    • Definitions and Causes of Learning Disability
    • Definitions and Causes of Autism
    • The Health Needs of Children with Learning Disabilities and/or Autistic Spectrum Conditions
    • The Impact of Learning Disabilities and/or Autistic Spectrum Conditions for the Child and the Family
    • Working Together
    • Jenny
    • Simon
    • Summary
  • 43. Care of the Child and Young Person Requiring Palliative and End-of-Life Care
    • Introduction
    • Palliative Care for Children
    • End-of-Life Care
    • Spiritual Care
    • Care of the Child Following Death
    • Bereavement Care
    • The Needs of The Health Care Professional
    • Summary
• Index

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