Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
  • Audiences
  • Unique Features
  • New to This Edition
  • Ancillaries
  • Notes to the Instructor
  • Special Acknowledgment
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
• Part I: Managing the Literature Search
  • 1 Writing Reviews of Academic Literature: An Overview
    • An Introduction to Reviewing Primary Sources
      • Empirical Research Reports
      • Theoretical Articles
      • Literature Review Articles
      • Anecdotal Reports
      • Reports on Professional Practices and Standards
    • The Writing Process
      • Finding Your ‘Writer’s Voice’: Writing for a Specific Purpose
      • Writing a Literature Review as a Term Paper for a Class
      • Writing a Literature Review Chapter for a Thesis or Dissertation
      • Writing a Literature Review for a Research Article
    • The Parts of this Text
      • Managing the Literature Search—Part I
      • Analyzing the Relevant Literature—Part II
      • Writing the First Draft of Your Literature Review—Part III
      • Editing and Preparing the Final Draft of Your Review—Part IV
    • Activities for Chapter 1
    • Notes
  • 2 Learn to Navigate the Electronic Resources in Your University’s Library
    • Step 1: Formalize Your Institutional Affiliation with Your University Library
    • Step 2: Set Up Your Online Access Credentials and/or Proxy Server
    • Step 3: Inquire about University Library Research Workshops
    • Step 4: Select a Search Engine that Best Suits Your Needs
    • Step 5: Familiarize Yourself with How Online Databases Function
    • Step 6: Experiment with the “Advanced Search” Feature
    • Step 7: Identify an Array of Subject Keywords to Locate Your Sources
    • Step 8: Learn How You Can Access the Articles You Choose
    • Step 9: Identify Additional Databases that May Be Useful for Your Field of Study
    • Step 10: Repeat the Search Procedures with Other Databases
    • Activities for Chapter 2
    • Note
  • 3 Selecting a Topic for Your Review
    • Step 1: Define Your General Topic
    • Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with the Basic Organization of Your Selected Online Database
    • Step 3: Begin Your Search with a General Keyword, then Limit the Output
    • Step 4: Identify Narrower Topic Areas If Your Initial List of Search Results Is Too Long
    • Step 5: Increase the Size of Your Reference List, If Necessary
    • Step 6: Consider Searching for Unpublished Studies
    • Step 7: Start with the Most Current Research, and Work Backward
    • Step 8: Search for Theoretical Articles on Your Topic
    • Step 9: Look for Review Articles
    • Step 10: Identify the Landmark or Classic Studies and Theorists
    • Step 11: Assemble the Collection of Sources You Plan to Include in Your Review
    • Step 12: Write the First Draft of Your Topic Statement
    • Step 13: Redefine Your Topic More Narrowly
    • Step 14: Ask for Feedback from Your Instructor or Advisor
    • Activities for Chapter 3
    • Notes
  • 4 Organizing Yourself to Begin the Selection of Relevant Titles
    • Step 1: Scan the Articles to Get an Overview of Each One
    • Step 2: Based on Your Prereading of the Articles, Group Them by Category
    • Step 3: Conduct a More Focused Literature Search if Gaps Appear
    • Step 4: Organize Yourself before Reading the Articles
    • Step 5: Create a Spreadsheet or Table to Compile Your Notes
    • Step 6: Remain Flexible as You Compile Your Notes
    • Step 7: Take Extra Care When Copying an Author’s Exact Words
    • Activities for Chapter 4
    • Notes
• Part II: Analyzing the Relevant Literature
  • 5 Conduct a Deep Analysis of the Articles
    • Guideline 1: Look for Explicit Definitions of Key Terms in the Literature
    • Guideline 2: Look for Key Statistics to Use near the Beginning of Your Literature Review
    • Guideline 3: Pay Special Attention to Review Articles on Your Topic
    • Guideline 4: Make Note of Short but Important Quotations that Could Be Used Very Sparingly in Your Review
    • Guideline 5: Look for Methodological Strengths
    • Guideline 6: Look for Methodological Weaknesses
    • Guideline 7: Distinguish between Assertion and Evidence
    • Guideline 8: Identify the Major Trends or Patterns in the Results of Previous Studies
    • Guideline 9: Identify Gaps in the Literature
    • Guideline 10: Identify Relationships among Studies
    • Guideline 11: Note How Closely Each Article Relates to Your Topic
    • Guideline 12: Evaluate Your Reference List for Currency and for Coverage
    • Activities for Chapter 5
    • Notes
  • 6 Analyzing Quantitative Research Literature
    • Guideline 1: Note Whether the Research Is Quantitative or Qualitative
    • Guideline 2: Note Whether a Study Is Experimental or Nonexperimental
    • Guideline 3: In an Experiment, Note Whether the Participants Were Assigned at Random to Treatment Conditions
    • Guideline 4: Note Attempts to Examine Cause-and-Effect Issues in Nonexperimental Studies
    • Guideline 5: Consider the Test-Retest Reliability of the Measure
    • Guideline 6: Consider the Internal Consistency Reliability of the Measure
    • Guideline 7: Consider the Validity of the Measure
    • Guideline 8: Consider Whether a Measure Is Valid For a Particular Research Purpose
    • Guideline 9: Note Differences in How a Variable Is Measured Across Studies
    • Guideline 10: Note How the Participants Were Sampled
    • Guideline 11: Make Notes on the Demographics of the Participants
    • Guideline 12: Note How Large a Difference Is—Not Just Whether It Is Statistically Significant
    • Guideline 13: Presume That All Quantitative Studies Are Flawed
    • Concluding Comment
    • Activities for Chapter 6
    • Notes
  • 7 Analyzing Qualitative Research Literature
    • Guideline 1: Note Whether the Research Was Conducted By an Individual or By a Research Team
    • Guideline 2: When There Is a Research Team, Note Whether Analysis of the Data Was Initially Conducted Independently
    • Guideline 3: Note Whether Outside Experts Were Consulted
    • Guideline 4: Note Whether the Participants Were Consulted on the Interpretation of the Data
    • Guideline 5: Note Whether the Researchers Used a Purposive Sample or a Sample of Convenience
    • Guideline 6: Note Whether the Demographics of the Participants Are Described
    • Guideline 7: Consider Whether the Method of Qualitative Analysis Is Described in Sufficient Detail
    • Guideline 8: Note Whether Quantities Are Provided When Qualitative Researchers Discuss Quantitative Matters
    • Concluding Comment
    • Activities for Chapter 7
    • Notes
  • 8 Organizing Your Notes by Grouping the Results of Your Analysis
    • Guideline 1: Consider Building a Table of Definitions
    • Guideline 2: Consider Building a Table of Research Methods
    • Guideline 3: Consider Including a Summary of Research Results in the Methods Table
    • Guideline 4: When There Is Much Literature on a Topic, Establish Criteria for Determining Which Literature to Summarize in a Table
    • Guideline 5: When There Is Much Literature on a Topic, Consider Building Two or More Tables to Summarize It
    • Guideline 6: Present Tables in a Literature Review Only for Complex Material
    • Guideline 7: Discuss Each Table Included in a Literature Review
    • Guideline 8: Give Each Table a Number and Descriptive Title
    • Guideline 9: Insert Continued When Tables Split Across Pages
    • Activities for Chapter 8
    • Notes
• Part III: Writing the First Draft of Your Literature Review
  • 9 Synthesizing Trends and Patterns: Preparing to Write
    • Guideline 1: Consider Your Purpose and Voice before Beginning to Write
    • Guideline 2: Consider How to Reassemble Your Notes
    • Guideline 3: Create a Topic Outline That Traces Your Argument
    • Guideline 4: Reorganize Your Notes According to the Path of Your Argument
    • Guideline 5: Within Each Topic Heading, Note Differences among Studies
    • Guideline 6: Within Each Topic Heading, Look for Obvious Gaps or Areas Needing Additional Research
    • Guideline 7: Plan to Briefly Describe Relevant Theories
    • Guideline 8: Plan to Discuss How Individual Studies Relate to and Advance Theory
    • Guideline 9: Plan to Summarize Periodically and Again near the End of the Review
    • Guideline 10: Plan to Present Conclusions and Implications
    • Guideline 11: Plan to Suggest Specific Directions for Future Research near the End of the Review
    • Guideline 12: Flesh out Your Outline with Details from Your Analysis
    • Activities for Chapter 9
    • Notes
  • 10 Guidelines for Writing a First Draft
    • Guideline 1: Begin by Identifying the Broad Problem Area, but Avoid Global Statements
    • Guideline 2: Early in the Review, Indicate Why the Topic Being Reviewed Is Important
    • Guideline 3: Distinguish Between Research Findings and Other Sources of Information
    • Guideline 4: Indicate Why Certain Studies Are Important
    • Guideline 5: If You Are Commenting On the Timeliness of a Topic, Be Specific In Describing the Time Frame
    • Guideline 6: If Citing a Classic or Landmark Study, Identify It as Such
    • Guideline 7: If a Landmark Study Was Replicated, Mention That and Indicate the Results of the Replication
    • Guideline 8: Discuss Other Literature Reviews on Your Topic
    • Guideline 9: Refer the Reader to Other Reviews on Issues That You Will Not Be Discussing in Detail
    • Guideline 10: Justify Comments Such As “No Studies Were Found”
    • Guideline 11: Avoid Long Lists of Nonspecific References
    • Guideline 12: If the Results of Previous Studies Are Inconsistent or Widely Varying, Cite Them Separately
    • Guideline 13: Speculate on the Reasons for Inconsistent Findings in Previous Research
    • Guideline 14: Cite All Relevant References in the Review Section of a Thesis, Dissertation, or Journal Article
    • Guideline 15: Emphasize the Need for Your Study in the Literature Review Section or Chapter
    • Activities for Chapter 10
    • Notes
  • 11 Guidelines for Developing a Coherent Essay
    • Guideline 1: If Your Review Is Long, Provide an Overview near the Beginning of the Review
    • Guideline 2: Near the Beginning of a Review, State Explicitly What Will and Will Not Be Covered
    • Guideline 3: Specify Your Point of View Early in the Review
    • Guideline 4: Aim for a Clear and Cohesive Essay and Avoid Annotations
    • Guideline 5: Use Subheadings, Especially in Long Reviews
    • Guideline 6: Use Transitions to Help Trace Your Argument
    • Guideline 7: If Your Topic Spans Two or More Disciplines, Consider Reviewing Studies from Each Discipline Separately
    • Guideline 8: Write a Conclusion for the End of the Review
    • Guideline 9: Check the Flow of Your Argument for Coherence
    • Activities for Chapter 11
    • Notes
• Part IV: Editing and Preparing the Final Draft of Your Review
  • 12 Guidelines for Editing Your Essay and Incorporating Feedback
    • Guideline 1: The Reader Is Always Right
    • Guideline 2: Expect Your Instructor to Comment on the Content
    • Guideline 3: Concentrate First on Comments about Your Ideas
    • Guideline 4: Reconcile Contradictory Feedback by Seeking Clarification
    • Guideline 5: Reconcile Comments about Style with Your Style Manual
    • Guideline 6: Allow Sufficient Time for the Feedback and Redrafting Process
    • Guideline 7: Compare Your Draft with Your Topic Outline
    • Guideline 8: Check the Structure of Your Review for Parallelism
    • Guideline 9: Avoid Overusing Direct Quotations, Especially Long Ones
    • Guideline 10: Avoid Using Synonyms for Recurring Words
    • Guideline 11: Spell Out All Acronyms When You First Use Them, and Avoid Using Too Many
    • Guideline 12: Avoid the Use of Contractions—They Are Inappropriate In Formal Academic Writing
    • Guideline 13: When Used, Coined Terms Should Be Set Off by Quotations
    • Guideline 14: Avoid Slang Expressions Colloquialisms, and Idioms
    • Guideline 15: Use Latin Abbreviations in Parenthetic Material—Elsewhere, Use English Translations
    • Guideline 16: Check Your Draft for Common Writing Conventions
    • Guideline 17: Write a Concise and Descriptive Title for the Review
    • Guideline 18: Strive for a User-friendly Draft
    • Guideline 19: Make Sure That You Have Enclosed in Quotation Marks and/or Cited All Words and Ideas That Are Not Your Own
    • Guideline 20: Use Great Care to Avoid Plagiarism
    • Guideline 21: Get Help If You Need It
    • Activities for Chapter 12
    • Notes
  • 13 Preparing a Reference List
    • Guideline 1: Consider Using Bibliographic Software to Help Manage the Details of Your References
    • Guideline 2: Place the Reference List at the End of the Review under the Main Heading “References”
    • Guideline 3: A Reference List Should Refer Only to Sources Cited in the Literature Review
    • Guideline 4: List References Alphabetically by Author’s Surname
    • Guideline 5: Double-Space All Entries
    • Guideline 6: Use Hanging Indents for the Second and Subsequent Lines of References
    • Guideline 7: Learn How to Create Hanging Indents Using a Word Processing Program
    • Guideline 8: Italicize the Titles of Journals and Their Volume Numbers
    • Guideline 9: Pay Particular Attention to Capitalization
    • Guideline 10: Pay Particular Attention to Punctuation
    • Guideline 11: Do Not Add Extraneous Material Such As Abbreviations for Page Numbers
    • Guideline 12: Journal Articles Accessed Through Online Database Repositories Should Be Cited as if They Were Accessed in Their Print Form
    • Guideline 13: Provide the Date and URL in References for Material Published Online
    • Guideline 14: Format References to Books in Accordance with a Style Manual
    • Guideline 15: If Using Online Bibliographic Tools, Make Sure That Generated Citations Are Listed in Correct Format
    • Guideline 16: Double-Check the Reference List against the Citations in the Body of the Review
    • Concluding Comment
    • Activities for Chapter 13
    • Notes
• Appendix A Comprehensive Self-editing Checklist for Refining the Final Draft
• Appendix B Sample Literature Reviews
• Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu