The Oxford Guide to Etymology
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- ENS350M Uppruni enskra orða, Rafbók til leigu í 4 ár
Ensk lýsing:
This practical introduction to word history investigates every aspect of where words come from and how they change. Philip Durkin, chief etymologist of the Oxford English Dictionary, shows how different types of evidence can shed light on the myriad ways in which words change in form and meaning. He considers how such changes can be part of wider linguistic processes, or be influenced by a complex mixture of social and cultural factors.
He illustrates every point with a wide range of fascinating examples. Dr Durkin investigates folk etymology and other changes which words undergo in everyday use. He shows how language families are established, how words in different languages can have a common ancester, and the ways in which the latter can be distinguished from words introduced through language contact. He examines the etymologies of the names of people and places.
Lýsing:
This practical introduction to word history investigates every aspect of where words come from and how they change. Philip Durkin, chief etymologist of the Oxford English Dictionary, shows how different types of evidence can shed light on the myriad ways in which words change in form and meaning. He considers how such changes can be part of wider linguistic processes, or be influenced by a complex mixture of social and cultural factors.
He illustrates every point with a wide range of fascinating examples. Dr Durkin investigates folk etymology and other changes which words undergo in everyday use. He shows how language families are established, how words in different languages can have a common ancester, and the ways in which the latter can be distinguished from words introduced through language contact. He examines the etymologies of the names of people and places.
Annað
- Höfundur: Philip Durkin
- Útgáfudagur: 2011-07-07
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9780191618789
- Print ISBN: 9780199691616
- ISBN 10: 0191618780
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- About this book
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 What is etymology?
- 1.2 Some basic concepts: two example etymologies
- 1.3 Why study etymology?
- 1.4 What an etymologist does
- 2 What is a word? Which words need etymologies?
- 2.1 What are words?
- 2.2 How new words arise
- 2.3 Lexicalization
- 2.4 Examples of lexicalization
- 2.5 Apparent reversals of the process
- 2.6 Cranberry morphs
- 2.7 Which words need etymologies?
- 3 Are words coherent entities?
- 3.1 Variety in form and meaning:
- 3.2 Do we know precisely when a word’s history begins? Can we assume continuity of use?
- 3.3 Homonymy and polysemy
- 3.4 How polysemy–homonymy relations can change
- 3.5 Merger (or near-merger) in form and meaning
- 3.6 Splits in word form
- 3.7 A case of merger followed by a split
- 3.8 Homonymic clash
- 4 Word formation
- 4.1 Issues concerning affixation
- 4.2 Synonyms, nonce formations, and blocking
- 4.3 Issues concerning compounding
- 4.4 Some other important processes
- 4.5 Arbitrary and non-arbitrary linguistic signs
- 5 Lexical borrowing
- 5.1 Basic concepts and terminology
- 5.2 What constitutes a borrowing from language X into language Y?
- 5.3 Motivation for borrowing: traditional explanations
- 5.4 Examples of borrowing because of ‘need’
- 5.5 Borrowing of a new word when a new product of the natural world is encountered
- 5.6 Patterns of borrowing in the history of a language
- 6 The mechanisms of borrowing
- 6.1 Perspectives from contact linguistics
- 6.2 What is basic vocabulary?
- 6.3 Language shift
- 6.4 Borrowing within and between languages
- 6.5 Borrowings from more than one language
- 6.6 Continuing semantic influence and semantic interference
- 6.7 Multiple borrowings from the same source
- 6.8 How can we tell that borrowing has occurred?
- 6.9 Lexical borrowing and code-switching
- 6.10 Some conclusions from chapters 5 and 6
- 7 Change in word form
- 7.1 Two Germanic sound changes
- 7.2 Examples of English sound changes
- 7.3 Sporadic sound changes
- 7.4 Associative change in word form
- 7.5 Metanalysis
- 7.6 How regular are regular sound changes?
- 7.7 Examples of arguments based on word form
- 8 Semantic change
- 8.1 Meaning change is a common phenomenon
- 8.2 Polysemy and meaning change
- 8.3 Semantic polygenesis
- 8.4 Meaning change in a semantically complex word:
- 8.5 Influence from other words
- 8.6 Some basic types of change
- 8.7 Is semantic change predictable?
- 8.8 Some practical examples
- 8.9 Arguments based on form and meaning contrasted
- 8.10 Etymology and extralinguistic factors
- 9 Etymology and names
- 9.1 How and why are names different?
- 9.2 Two villages called
- 9.3 Change in word form shown by names
- 9.4 Which language does a name belong to?
- 9.5 Names as evidence for lexis
- 9.6 Names as evidence for word meaning
- 9.7 Names as etymons
- 9.8 Names and non-linguistic history
- 10 Conclusion
- Glossary
- Suggestions for further reading
- References
- General index
- Index of word forms
- Footnotes
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