Efnisyfirlit

• Summary of Contents
• Contents
• List of Illustrative Material
• List of Abbreviations
• Preface to the Eighth Edition
• 1 Setting the Scene: The ‘Crises’, the Challenges, and Their Implications for the Nature and Ope
  • Introduction
  • The Economic and Financial Crises and Challenges
  • The Migration Crisis
  • Towards Intergovernmentalism in EU Decision-Making Processes
  • The EU’s Leadership Deficit
  • Increasing Differentiation
  • Brexit: A Major Fracturing
  • The Increasing Role of, and Exercise of Power by, Germany
  • The European Identity Challenge
  • Rising Euroscepticism
  • The Legitimacy/Democracy Challenge
  • The EU’s (Declining?) Role and Influence in the International System
  • Concluding Remarks
• Part I The Historical Evolution
  • 2 The Post-War Transformation of Western Europe
    • Historical Divisions
    • The Post-War Transformation
    • Explaining the Transformation, and its Nature
    • Concluding Remarks: The Ragged Nature of the Integration Process in Western Europe
  • 3 The Creation of the European Community
    • The European Coal and Steel Community
    • From the ECSC to the EEC
    • The EEC and Euratom Treaties
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 4 The Deepening of the Integration Process
    • Treaty Development
    • Development of Policy Processes
    • Development of Policies
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 5 The Widening of the Integration Process
    • Enlargement via Enlargement Rounds
    • Why Has the EU Been Willing to Enlarge?
    • The Impact of Enlargements on the EU
    • Concluding Remarks
• Part II The Evolving Treaty Framework
  • 6 From Rome to Nice
    • Up to the Single European Act
    • The Single European Act (SEA)
    • The Maastricht Treaty
    • The Treaty of Amsterdam
    • The Treaty of Nice
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 7 The Constitutional and Lisbon Treaties
    • The Making of the Constitutional Treaty
    • The Constitutional Convention
    • The Intergovernmental Conference
    • The Contents of the Constitutional Treaty
    • Ratifying the Constitutional Treaty
    • From the Constitutional Treaty to the Lisbon Treaty
    • The Contents of the Lisbon Treaty
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 8 Treaties and the Integration Process
    • Treaties and the Nature of European Integration
    • The Making of EU Treaties
    • Treaties That Do Not Apply in All of the Member States
    • Concluding Remarks
• Part III The Institutions and Political Actors of the European Union
  • 9 The Commission
    • The College of Commissioners
    • The Services
    • The Commission’s Hierarchical Structure
    • Decision-Making Mechanisms in the Commission
    • Power Resources
    • Responsibilities
    • The Varying (and Declining?) Influence of the Commission in the EU System
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 10 The Council of the European Union
    • Responsibilities and Functions
    • Composition
    • The Operation of the Council
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 11 The European Council
    • Origins and Development
    • Membership
    • The European Council President
    • Organisation
    • Activities
    • The European Council and the EU System
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 12 The European Parliament
    • Powers and Influence
    • Elections
    • Political Parties and the European Parliament
    • Composition
    • Organisation and Operation
    • Concluding Remarks: Is the EP a ‘Proper’ Parliament?
  • 13 European Union Law and the EU’s Courts
    • The Need for EU Law
    • The Sources of EU Law
    • The Content of EU Law
    • The Status of EU Law
    • The Court of Justice of the European Union
    • Types of Cases Before the Courts
    • The Impact and Influence of the Courts
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 14 Other Institutions
    • The European Economic and Social Committee
    • The Committee of the Regions
    • European Agencies
    • The European Investment Bank
    • The European Central Bank
    • The Court of Auditors
  • 15 Interests
    • Different Types
    • Access to Decision-Makers
    • Influence
    • Concluding Remarks: Interests and EU Policy Processes
  • 16 The Member States
    • The Benefits and Costs of EU Membership
    • Institutional and Policy-Making Arrangements Designed to Maintain the Confidence of the Member State
    • Europeanisation
    • National Orientations and Approaches
    • Governments
    • Parliaments
    • Courts
    • Subnational Levels of Government
    • Citizens’ Views
    • Political Parties
    • Interests
    • Which States Exercise Most Influence?
    • Concluding Remarks
• Part IV Policies and Policy Processes of the European Union
  • 17 Understanding EU Policies
    • The Origins of EU Policies
    • The Range and Diversity of EU Policies
    • The Varying Extent of EU Policy Involvement
    • The Varying Nature of EU Policy Involvement
    • The Regulatory Emphasis
    • The Patchy and Somewhat Uncoordinated Nature of EU Policies
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 18 Policy Processes
    • Variations in EU Processes
    • Factors Determining EU Policy Processes
    • The Four Frameworks of EU Policy Processes
    • Recurring Characteristics of EU Policy Processes
    • The Efficiency of EU Policy Processes
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 19 Making and Applying EU Legislation
    • The EU’s Legislative Procedures
    • EU Legislation After Adoption
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 20 Internal Policies
    • Establishing the Internal Market
    • Macroeconomic and Financial Policies
    • Functional Policies
    • Sectoral Policies
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 21 Agricultural Policy and Policy Processes
    • The Common Agricultural Policy in Context
    • What is Special about Agriculture?
    • How the Common Agricultural Policy Works
    • The Impact and Effects of the Common Agricultural Policy
    • Policy-Making Processes
    • Management and Implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 22 External Policies
    • External Trade
    • Foreign and Defence Policies
    • Development Policy
    • The External Dimension of Internal Policies
    • The Consistency and Representational Problems
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 23 The Budget
    • The Budget in Context
    • The Multiannual Financial Frameworks
    • The Value of and the Prospects for MFFs
    • The Annual Budget
    • Concluding Remarks
• Part V Conceptualising and Theorising
  • 24 Conceptualising the European Union
    • Difficulties in Conceptualising the European Union
    • Three Key Concepts: Sovereignty, Intergovernmentalism, and Supranationalism
    • Conceptualisations of the EU’s Political System
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 25 Theorising European Integration and EU Politics
    • Theorising European Integration: Grand Theory
    • Theorising the Functioning of the EU: Middle-Range Theory
    • Using Differing Theoretical Approaches to Explain Decision-Making in a Particular Policy Area: Enlar
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 26 Present Realities and Future Prospects
    • The European Union and the Changing Nature of the International System
    • The Uniqueness of the European Union
    • The Future of the European Union
• Chronology
• Guide to Further Reading
• Bibliography
• Index

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