Efnisyfirlit

• Front Matter
  • Cover Page
  • Halftitle Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • About The Authors
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Preface
• Chapter 1 The Study of Human Development
  • Developmental Science
    • Periods of Development
    • Domains of Development
    • Contexts of Development
  • Children, Society, and Science
    • Historical Beliefs About Children and Childhood
    • The Emergence of Developmental Science
    • The New Field of Developmental Science
  • The Central Issues of Developmental Science
    • Questions About the Sources of Development
    • Questions About Plasticity
    • Questions About Continuity/Discontinuity
    • Questions About Individual Differences
  • Theories of Development
    • Theory in Developmental Science
    • Grand Theories
    • Modern Theories
  • Methods for Studying Development
    • The Goals of Developmental Research
    • Criteria for Developmental Research
    • Methods of Data Collection
    • Research Designs
    • Ethical Standards
  • Looking Ahead
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
• Part One In the Beginning
  • Chapter 2 Biocultural Foundations
    • Inheriting Culture
      • The Tools of Culture
      • Processes of Cultural Inheritance
      • The Complexity of Culture
    • Biological Inheritance
      • Genes and Traits
      • Evolution’s Process of Natural Selection
      • Genetic Inheritance Through Sexual Reproduction
      • Laws of Genetic Inheritance
      • Mutations and Genetic Abnormalities
      • The Phenotype: From Genes to Traits
      • Heritability
      • Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Human Behavior
    • The Coevolution of Culture and Biology
      • Lactose Tolerance
      • Sickle-Cell Anemia
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 3 Prenatal Development and Birth
    • The Periods of Prenatal Development
      • The Germinal Period
      • The Embryonic Period
      • The Fetal Period
    • Maternal Conditions and Prenatal Development
      • Maternal Stress
      • Nutritional Influences
    • Teratogens: Environmental Sources of Birth Defects
      • Drugs
      • Infections and Other Health Conditions
    • Birth
      • The Stages of Labor
      • Cultural Variations in Childbirth
      • Childbirth in the United States
    • The Newborn’s Condition
      • Assessing a Baby’s Viability
      • Problems and Complications
      • Developmental Consequences
    • Beginning the Parent–Child Relationship
      • The Baby’s Appearance
      • Social Expectations
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
• Part Two Infancy
  • Chapter 4 The First 3 Months
    • Physical Growth
      • Measuring Body Growth
      • Growth of the Skull
    • Brain Development
      • Neurons and Networks of Neurons
      • The Structure of the Central Nervous System
      • Experience and Development of the Brain
    • Sensing the Environment
      • Methods of Evaluating Infant Sensory Capacities
      • Hearing
      • Vision
      • Taste and Smell
      • Multimodal Perception
    • The Organization of Behavior
      • Reflexes
      • From Reflex to Coordinated Action
      • Reaching
      • Piaget’s Theory of Developing Action
      • Learning Theories of Developing Action
    • Temperament
    • Becoming Coordinated with the Social World
      • Sleeping
      • Feeding
      • Crying
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 5 Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
    • Physical Growth
      • Size and Shape
      • The Musculoskeletal System
    • Brain Development
      • Brain and Behavior
      • Brain and Experience
    • Motor Development
      • Fine Motor Skills
      • Gross Motor Skills
      • The Role of Practice in Motor Development
    • Cognitive Development: The Great Debate
      • Sensorimotor Development
    • Conceptual Development
      • Understanding the Permanence of Objects
      • Understanding Other Properties of the Physical World
      • Reasoning About Objects
    • The Growth of Attention and Memory
      • Developing Attention
      • Developing Memory
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 6 Social and Emotional Development in Infancy
    • The Nature of Infant Emotions and Emotional Expressions
      • Theories of Emotional Development
      • Infant Emotions and Social Life
      • Intersubjectivity and the Brain
    • The First Emotional Relationships
      • Theories of Attachment
      • Explanations of Attachment
      • Phases of Attachment
      • Patterns of Attachment
      • Attachment Patterns Across Development and Generations
      • First Relationships and Culture
    • The Changing Nature of Communication
      • Social Referencing
      • Following a Caregiver’s Signs of Interest
    • A Sense of Self
      • Self-recognition
      • The Emergence of Self-conscious Emotions
    • Developing Trust and Autonomy
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
• Part Three Early Childhood
  • Chapter 7 Language Acquisition
    • The Power and Foundations of Language
    • Keys to the World of Language
      • The Biological Key to Language
      • The Environmental Key to Language
    • The Basic Domains of Language Acquisition
      • Phonological Development
      • Semantic Development
      • Grammar Development
      • Pragmatic Development
    • Explanations of Language Acquisition
      • Biological Explanations
      • Social and Cultural Explanations
      • Constructivist and Dynamic Systems Approaches
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 8 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
    • Physical and Motor Development
      • The Changing Body
      • Motor Development
      • Health
      • Brain Development
    • Preoperational Development
      • Centration
      • The Problem of Uneven Levels of Performance
    • Information-Processing Approaches to Cognitive Development
    • Cognitive Development in Privileged Domains
      • The Domain of Psychology
      • The Domain of Biology
      • The Domain of Physics
      • Explaining Domain-Specific Cognitive Development
    • Cognitive Development and Culture
      • Cultural Scripts
      • Cultural Context and the Unevenness of Development
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 9 Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood
    • Identity Development
      • Gender Identity
      • Ethnic Identity
      • Personal Identity
    • A New Moral World
      • The Psychodynamic View
      • The Constructivist View
      • The Social Domain View
    • Developing Self-Regulation
      • Regulating Thought and Action
      • Self-Regulation and Play
      • Regulating Emotions
    • Understanding Aggression
      • The Development of Aggression
      • What Causes and Controls Aggression?
    • Developing Prosocial Behaviors
      • Empathy
      • Sympathy
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 10 Contexts of Development
    • The Family Context
      • The Biocultural Origins of Family
      • Parenting Practices
      • The Role of Siblings
      • Family Diversity
      • Distressed Families
    • Nonparental Child Care
      • Varieties of Child Care
      • Developmental Effects of Child Care
    • Neighborhoods and Communities
      • Community and Culture
      • Distressed Communities
    • Media Contexts
      • Print Media
      • Television
      • Interactive Media
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
• Part Four Middle Childhood
  • Chapter 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
    • Physical and Motor Development
      • Patterns of Growth
      • Motor Development
      • Brain Development
    • Concrete-Operational Development
      • Conservation
      • Classification
      • Planning
      • Metacognition
      • Limitations of Concrete Operations
    • Information-Processing Approaches
      • The Role of Memory
      • Thinking About Memory
      • Increased Control of Attention
      • Executive Function
    • The Role of Social and Cultural Contexts
      • Is the Acquisition of Conservation Universal?
      • Cultural Variations in Memory and Attention
      • Cultural Variations in Planning
    • Individual Differences in Cognitive Development
      • Measuring Intelligence
      • Persistent Questions About Intelligence
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 12 School as a Context for Development
    • The Contexts of Learning
    • School Readiness
      • Precursors to Reading and Writing
      • Precursors to Learning Mathematics
      • The Role of Family
      • Preschools
    • In the Classroom
      • Social Organization of the Classroom and Instructional Design
      • Barriers to School Success
    • The Cognitive Consequences of Schooling
      • The School-Cutoff Strategy
      • Comparing Schooled and Nonschooled Children
      • Assessing the Second-Generation Impact of Schooling
    • Contemporary Challenges in a Globalizing World
      • The Culture of School
      • The Language of School
      • Culturally Responsive Classroom Strategies
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 13 Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood
    • A New Sense of Self
      • Changing Conceptions of the Self
      • Self-Esteem
    • Moral Development
      • Constructivist View of Moral Development
      • Social Domain Theory
    • Peer Relationships
      • Peer Relationships and Social Status
      • Bullies and Their Victims
      • Competition and Cooperation Among Peers
      • Relationships Between Boys and Girls
      • Friendship: A Special Type of Relationship
    • The Influence of Parents
      • Changing Interactions
      • Parents and Peers
      • Divorce
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
• Part Five Adolescence
  • Chapter 14 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
    • Adolescents and Society
      • Historical Views
      • Adolescents in Modern Society
    • The Emergence of a Scientific Approach
      • G. Stanley Hall
      • Sigmund Freud
      • Margaret Mead
    • Puberty
      • The Growth Spurt
      • Sexual Development
      • Brain Development
      • The Neuro-Hormonal System
      • The Timing of Puberty
      • Puberty and Health
    • Cognitive Development
      • Piaget’s Theory of Formal Operations
      • Information-Processing Approaches
      • Sociocultural Approaches
    • Moral Development
      • Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
      • Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
      • Parent and Peer Contributions to Moral Development
      • Cultural Variations in Moral Reasoning
      • The Relationship Between Moral Reasoning and Moral Action
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 15 Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence
    • Emotional Development in Adolescence
      • The Experience of Emotions
      • Regulating Emotions
    • Relationships with Peers
      • Friendships
      • Digital Media: A Threat to Intimacy?
      • Adolescent Peer Group Life and Culture
      • Peer Pressure, Conformity, and Deviance
      • Romantic Relationships
    • Sexual Behavior
      • Learning About Sex
      • The Sexual Debut
    • Relationships with Parents
      • Adolescent–Parent Conflicts
      • Attachment and Adjustment
    • Self and Identity Development
      • Self-Determination and Agency
      • Achieving a Mature Identity
      • Forming an Ethnic Identity
      • Forming a Sexual Identity
    • Adolescent Health and Well-Being
      • Emotional Health
      • Positive Youth Development
    • Looking Ahead
    • Summary
    • Key Terms
• Back Matter
  • Footnotes
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Name Index
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F
    • G
    • H
    • I
    • J
    • K
    • L
    • M
    • N
    • O
    • P
    • Q
    • R
    • S
    • T
    • U
    • V
    • W
    • Z
  • Subject Index
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F
    • G
    • H
    • I
    • J
    • K
    • L
    • M
    • N
    • O
    • P
    • Q
    • R
    • S
    • T
    • U
    • V
    • W
    • Z
  • Back Cover

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