The American Community College
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Praise for the Previous Edition of The American Community College "Projecting the future for the community colleges of the early twentyfirst century involves projecting the future for the nation in general: its demographics, economy, and public attitudes. . . . At heart is a discourse on how the institutions may adapt historical structures and practices to a changing world, and how those changes may ultimately affect students, the community, and society at large.
" —from the Conclusion, "Toward the Future" "Since 1982, The American Community College by Cohen and Brawer has been the authoritative book on community colleges. Anyone who wants to understand these complex and dynamic institutions—how they are evolving, the contributions they make, the challenges they face, the students they serve, and the faculty and leaders who deliver the services and the curricula—will find The American Community College both essential reading and an important reference book.
" —George R. Boggs, former president and CEO, American Association of Community Colleges "I have been a community college president for over fortyone years and a graduate professor for three decades. This book has been an inspiration to generations of students, faculty members, and administrators. It has become the classic of the field because it has great 'takehome' value to us all. " —Joseph N.
Annað
- Höfundar: Arthur M. Cohen, Florence B. Brawer, Carrie B. Kisker
- Útgáfa:6
- Útgáfudagur: 2013-09-09
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- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781118925584
- Print ISBN: 9781118449813
- ISBN 10: 1118925580
Efnisyfirlit
- Front Matter
- Preface
- Audience
- Overview of the Contents
- Sources
- The Authors
- Preface
- 1 Background: Evolving Priorities and Expectations of the Community College
- Institutional Definitions
- Development of Community Colleges
- Rationalizing the New Form
- Historical Development of the New Form
- Expansion of Two-Year Colleges
- Table 1.1 Numbers of Public and Private Nonprofit Two-Year Colleges, 1915–2011
- The Two-Way Stretch
- Curricular Functions
- Academic Transfer
- Occupational Education
- Continuing Education
- Developmental Education
- Community Service
- Intertwined Functions
- Place in the Academic Pipeline
- Colleges in Other Countries
- Changing Emphases
- Current Issues
- 2 Students: Diverse Backgrounds and Purposes
- Table 2.1 Undergraduate Enrollment in U.S. Colleges and Universities Compared with Eighteen- to Twenty-Four-Year-Old Population, 1900–2010
- Reasons for the Increase in Numbers
- Table 2.2 Part-Time Enrollment as a Percentage of Total Enrollment in Public Two-Year Institutions of Higher Education, 1970–2010
- Students' Lives
- Student Ability and Academic Preparedness
- Gender
- Racial and Ethnic Diversity
- Table 2.3 Percent of Community College Enrollment and Associate Degrees Earned, by Race/Ethnicity, 2010–11
- Classifying Students and Their Intentions
- Assessment and Tracking
- Enrollment Patterns and Dropout
- Swirling Students
- Dropouts
- Issues
- 3 Faculty: Building a Professional Identity
- The Workplace
- The People
- Preparation
- Preservice Training
- Table 3.1 Percentage Distribution of Highest Degree Held by Instructors at Two-Year Colleges, 1930–2003
- In-Service Training
- Preservice Training
- Workload, Salary, and Tenure
- Part-Time Faculty
- Table 3.2 Numbers of Full-Time and Part-Time Instructors in Public Two-Year Colleges, 1953–2009
- Table 3.3 Significant Differences between Full-Time and Part-Time Faculty, 2000
- Evaluation
- Satisfaction
- Desires
- Professionalism
- Issues
- 4 Organization, Governance, and Administration: Managing the Contemporary College
- Categorizing Governance
- Governing and Coordinating Units
- The Local District
- Figure 4.1 Organization Chart for a Large Community College
- Figure 4.2 Organization Chart for a Small Community College
- Figure 4.3 Organization Chart for a Multicollege District
- The State
- Figure 4.4 Organization of a State Community College System
- Figure 4.5 Organization Chart for a University-Controlled Community College System
- Federal Role
- The Local District
- Accreditation
- Nontraditional Organizations
- Local Governing Boards
- Administration
- The President
- Administrative Structure
- Departmental Structure
- Leadership
- Leadership Training
- Collective Bargaining
- Table 4.1 Number of Faculty Collective Bargaining Contracts at Two-Year Colleges by Agents, 1966–2011
- Issues
- 5 Finances: Generating, Sustaining, and Allocating Resources
- Sources of Funds
- Table 5.1 Percentage of Income from Various Sources for Public Two-Year Colleges, 1918–2010
- Allocation Patterns
- Performance-Based Funding
- Tuition and Student Aid
- Table 5.2 Shares of Pell Grants by Sector, 1974–2010
- Problems in Funding
- Solving the Problems
- Revenue Generation and Diversification
- Justifying the Costs
- Issues
- Sources of Funds
- 6 Instruction: Methods, Media, and Effects
- The Technology and Discipline of Instruction
- Television
- Computers
- Writing Across the Curriculum
- Supplemental Instruction
- Mastery Learning
- Competency-Based Instruction
- Learning Communities
- Learning Colleges
- Learning Resource Centers
- Distance Learning and Online Instruction
- The Power of Inertia
- Assessing Instructional Effects
- Issues
- The Technology and Discipline of Instruction
- 7 Student Services: Supporting Educational Objectives
- Student Engagement
- Scope and Organization of Student Affairs
- Recruitment, Orientation, and Retention
- Counseling and Advising
- Group-Specific Services
- Student Activities
- Financial Aid
- Funding and Effectiveness
- Issues
- 8 Developmental Education: Enhancing Literacy and Basic Skills
- Decline in Literacy
- Table 8.1 SAT Scores for College-Bound Seniors, 1975–2012
- Table 8.2 ACT Test Scores for High School Seniors, 1995–2010
- School Requirements
- Table 8.3 Average Number of Carnegie Units Earned by Public High School Graduates in Various Subject Areas: 1982, 1994, 2000, 2009
- College Admissions
- The Magnitude of Remediation
- Developmental Teaching
- Assessment and Placement
- Integrated Programs
- Program Effects
- Legitimacy
- The Dilemma of Tracking
- Definitions of Functional Literacy
- Imprecise Criteria
- Reconciling the Dilemma
- Issues
- Decline in Literacy
- Liberal Arts
- Transfer Courses
- Table 9.1 Means on Scales by Number of Completed Carnegie Units
- Table 9.2 Means on Scales by Self-Rating on Scale-Related Skill
- Curricular Variety
- Table 9.3 Percentage of Colleges Offering Certain Liberal Arts Classes
- Faculty and Academic Disciplines
- Dual Enrollment and Alignment with High School Exit Standards
- Articulation and the Transfer Function
- Future of the Liberal Arts
- Issues
- Critical Thinking
- Service Learning
- Civic Engagement
- Sustainable Development
- Renewing an Emphasis on Integrative Education
- Issues
- Early Development
- Definitions
- Table 11.1 Percentage of Total Curricular Offerings Classified as Terminal or Occupational in Junior Colleges, 1917–1937
- Limitations on Expansion
- Growth
- Stability
- Table 11.2 Associate Degrees Conferred by Institutions of Higher Education by Type of Curriculum, 1970–71 to 2010–11
- Table 11.3 Main Fields in Which Associate Degrees Were Conferred, 2010–11
- Contract Training
- The Broader Implications
- Merging Academic and Occupational Studies
- Issues
- Rationale
- Categories
- Enrollments
- Scope
- Lifelong Learning
- Adult Basic Education
- Entrepreneurship Training
- Community-Based Education
- Correctional Education
- Effectiveness
- Organization and Funding
- Program Validity
- Future Development
- Issues
- Sources of Research
- Institutional Research Offices
- Forms of Research
- Historical and Sociological Studies
- Large-Scale Efforts
- Limitations of the Research
- Critiques of the Colleges
- Criticizing the Social Role
- Criticizing the School
- Responding to the Critics
- The Mythology of Schooling
- What the Colleges Really Provide
- What Are the Alternatives to Community Colleges?
- Issues
- Measures of Student Progress
- Transfer Rates
- Table 14.1 National Transfer Assembly Transfer Rates, 1989–2001
- Success after Transfer
- Degree and Certificate Completion
- Table 14.2 Degree and Certificate Attainment Rates among Students Beginning in Community Colleges after Three and Six Years
- A Broader View of Completion
- Goal Attainment
- Occupational Outcomes
- Benefits to the Individual
- Benefits to the Public
- Accountability
- Outcomes Assessment
- National Efforts
- Problems in Assessment
- Possibilities in Assessment
- Issues
- The Institutions
- Vertical Expansion
- The Students
- Table 15.1 Demographics and Enrollments, 1979–2020
- The Faculty
- Organization, Governance, and Administration
- Finance
- Instruction and Student Services
- Curriculum
- Developmental Education
- Integrative Education
- Liberal Arts and Transfer Education
- Occupational Education
- Community Education
- Research, Accountability, and Outcomes
- The Social Role
- Appendix For-Profit Institutions
- Table A.1 Numbers of Private For-Profit Two-Year Colleges, 1972–2010
- Table A.2 Enrollment, Staff, and Degrees/Certificates Conferred by Private, For-Profit Institutions, 2009–10
- New Forms
- Students
- Staff
- Curriculum, Instruction, and Student Services
- Organization and Governance
- Finance
- Outcomes
- Future
- Reference
- Name Index
- Subject Index
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 12694
- Útgáfuár : 2013
- Leyfi : 379