Lýsing:
Exercise Biochemistry brings an admittedly difficult and technical subject to life. Extremely user- and student-friendly, it is written in conversational style by Vassilis Mougios, who poses and then answers questions as if in conversation with a student. Mougios does an excellent job of making the information interesting by using simple language without compromising scientific accuracy and content.
He also uses ample analogies, related works of art, and numerous illustrations to drive home his points for readers. The result is that Exercise Biochemistry is a highly informative and illuminating text on the effects of exercise on molecular-level functioning. It presents the basics of biochemistry as well as in-depth coverage of exercise biochemistry. The book uses key terms, sidebars, and questions and problems posed at the end of each chapter to facilitate learning.
It also covers metabolism, endocrinology, and assessment all in one volume, unlike other exercise biochemistry books. In exploring all of these topics, Exercise Biochemistry makes the case for exercise biochemistry to have a stand-alone textbook. In fact, this book will encourage more universities to introduce exercise biochemistry courses to their curricula. Having the necessary topics of basic biochemistry in a single volume will facilitate the work of both instructors and students.
Exercise Biochemistry will also be useful to graduate students in sport science who have not been formally introduced to exercise biochemistry during their undergraduate programs. Additionally, it can supplement exercise physiology textbooks with its coverage of the molecular basis of physiological processes. This book is also for physical education and sport professionals who have an interest in how the human body functions during and after exercise.
And this book is addressed to health scientists who are interested in the transformations in human metabolism brought about by physical activity. The book is organized in four parts. Part I introduces readers to biochemistry basics, including chapters on metabolism, proteins, nucleic acids and gene expression, and carbohydrates and lipids. Part II consists of two chapters that explore neural control of movement and muscle contraction.
The essence of the book is found in part III, which details exercise metabolism in its six chapters. Included are chapters on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in exercise; compounds of high phosphoryl transfer potential; effects of exercise on gene expression; and integration of exercise metabolism. In part IV, the author focuses on biochemical assessment of people who exercise, with chapters on iron status, metabolites, and enzymes and hormones.
Annað
- Höfundur: Vassilis Mougios
- Útgáfa:2
- Útgáfudagur: 02/2019
- Engar takmarkanir á útprentun
- Engar takmarkanir afritun
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781492572695
- Print ISBN: 9781492529040
- ISBN 10: 1492572691
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- A Guided Tour for the Student
- Acknowledgments
- Part I: Biochemistry Basics
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Chemical Elements
- 1.2. Chemical Bonds
- 1.3. Molecules
- 1.4. Ions
- 1.5. Radicals
- 1.6. Polarity and Miscibility
- 1.7. Solutions
- 1.8. Chemical Reactions
- 1.9. Chemical Equilibrium
- 1.10. pH
- 1.11. Acid–Base Interconversions
- 1.12. Buffer Systems
- 1.13. Classes of Biological Substances
- 1.14. Classes of Nutrients
- 1.15. Cell Structure
- Chapter 2. Metabolism
- 2.1. Free-Energy Changes of Metabolic Reactions
- 2.2. Determinants of Free-Energy Change
- 2.3. ATP, the Energy Currency of Cells
- 2.4. Phases of Metabolism
- 2.5. Redox Reactions
- 2.6. Overview of Catabolism
- Chapter 3. Proteins
- 3.1. Amino Acids, the Building Blocks of Proteins
- 3.2. The Peptide Bond
- 3.3. Primary Structure of Proteins
- 3.4. Secondary Structure
- 3.5. Tertiary Structure
- 3.6. Denaturation
- 3.7. Quaternary Structure
- 3.8. Protein Function
- 3.9. Oxygen Carriers
- 3.10. Myoglobin
- 3.11. Hemoglobin Structure
- 3.12. The Wondrous Properties of Hemoglobin
- 3.13. Enzymes
- 3.14. The Active Site
- 3.15. How Enzymes Speed Up Metabolic Reactions
- 3.16. Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzyme Reactions
- Chapter 4. Nucleic Acids and Gene Expression
- 4.1. Introducing Nucleic Acids
- 4.2. Flow of Genetic Information
- 4.3. Deoxyribonucleotides, the Building Blocks of DNA
- 4.4. Primary Structure of DNA
- 4.5. The Double Helix of DNA
- 4.6. The Genome of Living Organisms
- 4.7. DNA Replication
- 4.8. Mutations
- 4.9. RNA
- 4.10. Transcription
- 4.11. Delimiting Transcription
- 4.12. Genes and Gene Expression
- 4.13. Messenger RNA
- 4.14. Translation
- 4.15. The Genetic Code
- 4.16. Transfer RNA
- 4.17. Translation Continued
- 4.18. Novel Kinds of RNA
- 4.19. In the Beginning, RNA?
- Chapter 5. Carbohydrates and Lipids
- 5.1. Carbohydrates
- 5.2. Monosaccharides
- 5.3. Oligosaccharides
- 5.4. Polysaccharides
- 5.5. Carbohydrate Categories in Nutrition
- 5.6. Lipids
- 5.7. Fatty Acids
- 5.8. Triacylglycerols
- 5.9. Phospholipids
- 5.10. Steroids
- 5.11. Cell Membranes
- Chapter 6. Vitamins and Minerals
- 6.1. Water-Soluble Vitamins
- 6.2. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- 6.3. Metal Minerals
- 6.4. Nonmetal Minerals
- 6.5. Elements in the Human Body
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- Chapter 7. Neural Control of Movement
- 7.1. Two Ways of Transmitting Nerve Signals
- 7.2. The Resting Potential
- 7.3. The Action Potential
- 7.4. Propagation of an Action Potential
- 7.5. Transmission of a Nerve Impulse From One Neuron to Another
- 7.6. Birth of a Nerve Impulse
- 7.7. The Neuromuscular Junction
- 7.8. Changes in Motor Neuron Activity During Exercise
- 7.9. A Lethal Arsenal at the Service of Research
- Chapter 8. Muscle Activity
- 8.1. Structure of a Muscle Cell
- 8.2. The Sliding Filament Theory
- 8.3. The Wondrous Properties of Myosin
- 8.4. Myosin Structure
- 8.5. Actin
- 8.6. Sarcomere Architecture
- 8.7. Mechanism of Force Generation
- 8.8. Types of Muscle Activity
- 8.9. Myosin Isoforms and Muscle Fiber Types
- 8.10. Control of Muscle Activity by Ca^2+
- 8.11. Excitation–Contraction Coupling
- III.1. Defining Exercise and Physical Activity
- III.2. Principles of Exercise Metabolism
- III.3. Exercise Parameters
- III.4. Means of Metabolic Control in Exercise
- III.5. Energy Sources in Exercise
- III.6. How Researchers Study Exercise Metabolism
- III.7. Laboratory Techniques in the Study of Exercise Metabolism
- Chapter 9. Compounds of High Phosphoryl-Transfer Potential
- 9.1. The ATP–ADP Cycle
- 9.2. The ATP–ADP Cycle in Exercise
- 9.3. Phosphocreatine
- 9.4. Watching Exercise Metabolism
- 9.5. Loss of AMP by Deamination
- 9.6. Purine Degradation
- Chapter 10. Carbohydrate Metabolism in Exercise
- 10.1. Carbohydrate Digestion, Absorption, and Distribution
- 10.2. Glycogen Content of the Human Body
- 10.3. Glycogenesis
- 10.4. Glycogenolysis
- 10.5. Exercise Speeds Up Glycogenolysis in Muscle
- 10.6. The Cyclic-AMP Cascade
- 10.7. Recapping the Effect of Exercise on Muscle Glycogen Metabolism
- 10.8. Glycolysis
- 10.9. Exercise Speeds Up Glycolysis in Muscle
- 10.10. Pyruvate Oxidation
- 10.11. Exercise Speeds Up Pyruvate Oxidation in Muscle
- 10.12. The Citric Acid Cycle
- 10.13. Exercise Speeds Up the Citric Acid Cycle in Muscle
- 10.14. The Electron-Transport Chain
- 10.15. Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 10.16. Energy Yield of the Electron-Transport Chain
- 10.17. Energy Yield of Carbohydrate Oxidation
- 10.18. Exercise Speeds Up Oxidative Phosphorylation in Muscle
- 10.19. Lactate Production in Muscle During Exercise
- 10.20. Lactate Production Is Probably Not a Cause of Fatigue
- 10.21. Lactate Production Is Not Due to a Lack of Oxygen
- 10.22. Features of Anaerobic Carbohydrate Catabolism
- 10.23. Using Lactate
- 10.24. Gluconeogenesis
- 10.25. A Shortcut in Gluconeogenesis
- 10.26. Exercise Speeds Up Gluconeogenesis and Slows Down Glycolysis in the Liver
- 10.27. The Cori Cycle
- 10.28. Exercise Speeds Up Glycogenolysis and Slows Down Glycogenesis in the Liver
- 10.29. Control of the Plasma Glucose Concentration
- 10.30. Control of the Plasma Glucose Concentration in Exercise
- 10.31. Blood Lactate Accumulation
- 10.32. Blood Lactate Decline
- 10.33. “Thresholds”
- Chapter 11. Lipid Metabolism in Exercise
- 11.1. Triacylglycerol Digestion, Absorption, and Distribution
- 11.2. Digestion, Absorption, and Distribution of Other Lipids
- 11.3. Fat Content of the Human Body
- 11.4. Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Adipose Tissue
- 11.5. Lipolysis
- 11.6. Exercise Speeds Up Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue
- 11.7. Exercise Speeds Up Lipolysis in Muscle
- 11.8. Fate of the Lipolytic Products During Exercise
- 11.9. Fatty Acid Degradation
- 11.10. Energy Yield of Fatty Acid Oxidation
- 11.11. Degradation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- 11.12. Degradation of Odd-Number Fatty Acids
- 11.13. Fatty Acid Synthesis
- 11.14. Synthesis of Fatty Acids Other Than Palmitate
- 11.15. Exercise Speeds Up Fatty Acid Oxidation in Muscle
- 11.16. Changes in the Plasma Fatty Acid Concentration and Profile During Exercise
- 11.17. Interconversion of Lipids and Carbohydrates
- 11.18. Brown Adipose Tissue
- 11.19. Plasma Lipoproteins
- 11.20. A Lipoprotein Odyssey
- 11.21. Effects of Exercise on the Plasma Triacylglycerol Concentration
- 11.22. Effects of Exercise on the Plasma Cholesterol Concentration
- 11.23. Exercise Speeds Up Ketone Body Metabolism
- Chapter 12. Protein Metabolism in Exercise
- 12.1. Processing of Dietary Proteins
- 12.2. Protein Content of the Human Body
- 12.3. Protein Turnover
- 12.4. Effects of Exercise on Protein Turnover
- 12.5. Amino Acid Degradation
- 12.6. Amino Acid Synthesis
- 12.7. Effects of Exercise on Amino Acid Metabolism in Muscle
- 12.8. Effects of Exercise on Amino Acid Metabolism in the Liver
- 12.9. The Urea Cycle
- 12.10. Plasma Amino Acid, Ammonia, and Urea Concentrations During Exercise
- 12.11. Contribution of Proteins to the Energy Expenditure of Exercise
- 12.12. Effects of Training on Protein Turnover
- Chapter 13. Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression
- 13.1. Stages in the Control of Gene Expression
- 13.2. Stages in the Control of Gene Expression Affected by Exercise
- 13.3. Kinetics of a Gene Product After Exercise
- 13.4. Exercise-Induced Changes That May Modify Gene Expression
- 13.5. Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy
- 13.6. Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Increase in Muscle Mitochondrial Content
- 13.7. Exercise and Epigenetics
- Chapter 14. Integration of Exercise Metabolism
- 14.1. Interconnection of Metabolic Pathways
- 14.2. Energy Systems
- 14.3. Energy Sources in Exercise
- 14.4. Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise
- 14.5. Effect of Exercise Intensity on Choice of Energy Sources
- 14.6. Effect of Exercise Duration on Choice of Energy Sources
- 14.7. Interplay of Duration and Intensity: Energy Sources in Running and Swimming
- 14.8. Effect of Exercise Program on Choice of Energy Sources
- 14.9. Sex Differences in Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise
- 14.10. How Sex Influences Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise
- 14.11. Effect of Age on Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise
- 14.12. Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise
- 14.13. Effect of Fat Intake on Choice of Energy Sources During Exercise
- 14.14. Adaptations to Endurance Training in the Proportion of Energy Sources Used During Exercise
- 14.15. How Endurance Training Modifies the Proportion of Energy Sources Used During Exercise
- 14.16. Adaptations of Exercise Metabolism to Resistance and Sprint Training
- 14.17. Adaptations of Exercise Metabolism to Interval Training
- 14.18. Adaptations of Exercise Metabolism to Concurrent Training
- 14.19. Effect of the Genome on Choice of Energy Sources in Exercise
- 14.20. Muscle Fiber Type Transitions
- 14.21. Effects of Environmental Factors on Choice of Energy Sources in Exercise
- 14.22. The Proportion of Fuels Can Be Measured Bloodlessly
- 14.23. Hormonal Effects on Exercise Metabolism
- 14.24. Redox State and Exercise Metabolism
- 14.25. Causes of Fatigue
- 14.26. Recovery of the Energy State After Exercise
- 14.27. Metabolic Changes in Detraining
- Chapter 15. Exercise to Fight Disease
- 15.1. Health, Disease, and Exercise
- 15.2. Exercise to Fight Cardiovascular Disease
- 15.3. Adaptations of the Heart to Training
- 15.4. Adaptations of the Vasculature to Training
- 15.5. Exercise to Fight Cancer
- 15.6. Diabetes, a Major Metabolic Upset
- 15.7. Exercise to Fight Diabetes
- 15.8. Obesity, a Health-Threatening Condition
- 15.9. Why Obesity Is Harmful
- 15.10. Exercise to Fight Obesity
- 15.11. Exercise to Fight Osteoporosis
- 15.12. Exercise to Fight Mental Dysfunction
- 15.13. Detriments of Physical Inactivity
- 15.14. Exercise for Healthy Aging and Longevity
- 15.15. Benefits From Regular Exercise in Regard to Other Diseases
- 15.16. A Final Word on the Value of Exercise
- IV.1. Blood
- IV.2. Aims and Scope of the Biochemical Assessment
- IV.3. The Reference Interval
- IV.4. Classes of Biochemical Parameters
- Chapter 16. Iron Status
- 16.1. Hemoglobin
- 16.2. Iron
- 16.3. Total Iron-Binding Capacity
- 16.4. Transferrin Saturation
- 16.5. Soluble Transferrin Receptor
- 16.6. Ferritin
- 16.7. Iron Deficiency
- Chapter 17. Metabolites
- 17.1. Lactate
- 17.2. Estimating Anaerobic Lactic Capacity
- 17.3. Programming Training
- 17.4. Estimating Aerobic Endurance
- 17.5. Glucose
- 17.6. Triacylglycerols
- 17.7. Cholesterol
- 17.8. Recapping the Lipidemic Profile
- 17.9. Glycerol
- 17.10. Urea
- 17.11. Ammonia
- 17.12. Creatinine
- 17.13. Uric Acid
- 17.14. Glutathione
- Chapter 18. Enzymes and Hormones
- 18.1. Enzymes
- 18.2. Creatine Kinase
- 18.3. γ-Glutamyltransferase
- 18.4. Antioxidant Enzymes
- 18.5. Hormones
- 18.6. Cortisol
- 18.7. Testosterone
- 18.8. Overtraining Syndrome
- 18.9. Epilogue
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 13649
- Útgáfuár : 2019
- Leyfi : 379