Efnisyfirlit

• Front Matter
  • ABOUT THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
• Introduction
  • PURPOSE OF THE BOOK
  • AUDIENCE FOR THE BOOK
  • SCOPE OF THE BOOK
  • HOW THE BOOK IS ORGANIZED
    • FIGURE I.1 Overview of Book Contents
  • HOW TO USE THE BOOK
  • NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLKIT
    • FIGURE I.2 Quick Reference Guide to Chapters
• I Fundamentals of Needs Assessment
  • ONE Overview of Needs Assessment
    • PURPOSE
    • OVERVIEW
    • SIMILARITIES AMONG NEEDS ASSESSMENT REQUESTS
      • FIGURE 1.1 Definition of a Need
      • FIGURE 1.2 A Systems Model of Evaluation
    • DIFFERENCES AMONG REQUESTS THAT LEAD TO NEEDS ASSESSMENT
      • FIGURE 1.3 Soccer Player Who Knows Game's Rules but Lacks Game's Skills
    • BENEFITS OF A NEEDS ASSESSMENT
    • FIVE APPROACHES TO NEEDS ASSESSMENT
      • FIGURE 1.4 Ruth's Sketch of a Simplified Systems Diagram
      • FIGURE 1.5 Comparison of Time and Effort Required for the Needs Assessment Approaches
      • FIGURE 1.6 Matrix of Needs Assessment Approaches
    • CONCLUSION
  • TWO Ideas and Models That Guide Practice
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
    • OVERVIEW
    • PRIORITIZING NEEDS
      • FIGURE 2.1 World Views and Reasonable Actions Based on Each View, Plus Applications to the World of Work
      • CASE
    • MEASURING PERFORMANCE
      • CASE
    • DIAGNOSING THE CAUSES OF POOR PERFORMANCE
      • Individual Performance Problems
        • FIGURE 2.2 Barriers to Performance and Sample Questions
      • Organizational Performance Problems
        • The Organizational Elements Model
        • Improving Performance: Managing the White Space on the Organizational Chart
          • FIGURE 2.3 Comparison of the Traditional and Systems Views of an Organization
    • Diagnosing Systems
      • Advances Over Time in Knowledge About Learning, Training, and Performance
    • CONCLUSION
  • THREE Strategies for Collecting and Analyzing Data
    • PURPOSE
    • OVERVIEW
    • DATA-COLLECTION METHODS
      • Interviews
        • Types of Interviews
        • Interview Approaches
          • FIGURE 3.1 Sample Interview Protocol, Script, and Questions
          • FIGURE 3.2 Hints for Preparing for an Interview
          • FIGURE 3.3 Hints for Developing Interview Questions
          • FIGURE 3.4 Hints for Conducting an Interview
      • Focus Groups
        • Prepare
        • Conduct
        • Report
          • FIGURE 3.5 Various Types of Focus Group Reports
        • Surveys
        • Prepare
          • FIGURE 3.6 Examples of Commercially Available Surveys for Assessing Needs
        • Design the Survey
        • Develop Questions
          • FIGURE 3.7 Types of Questions and When to Use Them
        • Write Instructions
        • Write the Cover Letter/Email
        • Pilot-Test
        • Conduct the Survey and Follow-Up
          • FIGURE 3.8 Hints for Preparing and Implementing Surveys
      • Observation
      • Documents and Artifacts
      • Photos and Videos
      • DATA ANALYSIS
        • FIGURE 3.9 Comparison of Primary Data-Collection Methods
      • Analyzing Quantitative Data
        • FIGURE 3.10 Example of Frequency and Percentage Calculation for a Quantitative Question Showing All Responses
        • FIGURE 3.11 Example of Frequency and Percentage Calculation for a Quantitative Question Showing Only Respondents
      • Other Useful Measures
        • Analyzing Qualitative Data
      • Reliability, Validity, and Trustworthiness Related to Data Collection and Analysis
    • ORGANIZING DATA FOR DECISION MAKING
      • FIGURE 3.12 Comparison of Priority Needs Identifi ed from Diff erent Sources
    • CONCLUSION
• II Getting Down to Brass Tacks
  • FOUR Knowledge and Skills Assessment
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
    • OVERVIEW
      • When to Use
    • Benefits and Drawbacks
      • Critical Success Factors
    • KEY PHASES
      • Phase 1: Gather Preliminary Data
    • Phase 2: Plan
      • CASE
      • FIGURE 4.1 Common Purposes of a Knowledge and Skills Assessment
      • Phase 3: Perform Training Requirements Analysis
        • Step 1: Develop Assessment Tools
          • FIGURE 4.2 Example of a Job Activity Self-Assessment
          • FIGURE 4.3 Example of a Performance Skills Profile
      • Step 2: Collect Data
      • Phase 4: Analyze Data
      • Phase 5: Prepare and Present a Report
        • CASE
        • FIGURE 4.4 Interview Questions for Lead Drivers
        • FIGURE 4.5 Interview Questions for Supervisors
        • FIGURE 4.6 Interview Questions for Vice Presidents
        • FIGURE 4.7 Course Outline
    • CONCLUSION
  • FIVE Job and Task Analysis
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
    • OVERVIEW
      • When to Use
      • Benefits and Drawbacks
      • Critical Success Factors
      • Definition of Terms
    • WRITING JOB TASK STATEMENTS
    • WRITING STANDARDS
      • ASSEMBLY OF HELP DESK MANUALS
    • KEY PHASES
      • Phase 1: Prepare
        • Identify High Performers
        • Prepare Job Analysis Questionnaire
          • FIGURE 5.1 Sample Toolkit Form 5.1: Job Analysis Questionnaire
        • Prepare Materials
      • Phase 2: Conduct Job Task Analysis Work Session
        • Prepare for the Work Session
        • Refine Job Responsibilities
        • Identify Job Tasks
        • Identify Training and Non-Training Requirements
      • Phase 3: Develop and Present Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations
        • FIGURE 5.2 Sample Toolkit Form 5.2: Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations (Professional/Supervisory/Management)
        • FIGURE 5.3 Sample Toolkit Form 5.3: Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations (Administrative)
        • CASE
    • CONCLUSION
      • FIGURE 5.4 Quality Control Inspector Position Training Plan
  • SIX Competency-Based Needs Assessment
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
    • OVERVIEW
      • When to Use
      • Benefits and Drawbacks
      • Critical Success Factors
    • PHASES OF A COMPETENCY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
      • Phase 1: Develop a Project Plan
        • Step 1: Establish Parameters
        • Step 2: Identify Key Players
        • Step 3: Develop Work Plan
      • Phase 2: Conduct Behavioral Interviews
        • FIGURE 6.1 Competency-Based Needs Assessment Project Plan
        • Step 1: Design the Behavioral Interview Guide
          • FIGURE 6.2 Sample Script for a Behavioral Interview
        • Step 2: Obtain Behavioral Information
        • Pitfalls to Avoid
        • Step 3: Analyze Behavioral Information
      • Phase 3: Construct Competency Model
        • Step 1: Create Competency Dictionary
        • Step 2: Create Competency Model
          • FIGURE 6.3 Sample Toolkit Form 6.3: Competency Dictionary Showing Two Domains for a Sales Position, Three Competencies in Each Domain, and Their Definitions
      • Phase 4: Assess Gaps
        • FIGURE 6.4 Sample Toolkit Form 6.4: Competency Model for Sales Positions
        • Step 1: Identify Gaps
          • FIGURE 6.5 Sample Rating Scale for Competency-Based Survey Questions
        • Step 2: Analyze Results
      • Phase 5: Implement Model
      • Using Already Available Competency Models
        • CASE
    • CONCLUSION
  • SEVEN Strategic Needs Assessment
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
    • OVERVIEW
      • When to Use
      • Benefits and Drawbacks
      • Critical Success Factors
    • KEY PHASES OF A NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT
      • Phase 1: Gather Preliminary Information About the Situation
        • FIGURE 7.1 Sample Questions from Toolkit Form 7.1: Strategic Issues Worksheet
      • Phase 2: Examine the External Environment
        • Phase 3: Examine Internal Environment
          • FIGURE 7.2 Questions a City Leadership Team Could Use to Start Analyzing Its External Environment
        • Step 1: Validate the Strategy
          • FIGURE 7.3 Components of a Simple Business Plan
          • CASE
        • Step 2: Document Current Performance
          • FIGURE 7.4 Sample Performance Measures
          • FIGURE 7.5 Example of a SIPOC Diagram
        • Step 3: Identify Causes of Performance Gaps
          • FIGURE 7.6 Sample Toolkit Form 7.3: Process Map Worksheet for an Order Management Process
          • FIGURE 7.7 Sample Fishbone Diagram Showing Causes for Workers Dissatisfaction
          • CASE
        • Phase 4: Chart Future Environment
      • Phase 5: Develop Performance Improvement Plan
        • Step 1: Assess Readiness for Change
          • FIGURE 7.8 Sample Toolkit Form 7.4: Gap Analysis Worksheet
        • Step 2: Select Interventions
          • CASE
            • FIGURE 7.9 Business Issues: XYZ Corporation
          • FIGURE 7.10 Performance Improvement Planner: XYZ Corporation
    • CONCLUSION
  • EIGHT Complex Needs Assessment
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AID
    • OVERVIEW
      • When to Use
      • Benefits and Drawbacks
    • KEY PHASES
      • Phase 1: Conduct the Pre-Assessment
      • Phase 2: Conduct the Needs Assessment
      • Phase 3: Conduct the Post-Assessment
        • CASE
    • COMMUNITY AND ORGANIZATION SURVEYS
      • FIGURE 8.1 Some Vendor Sites with Employee Engagement Survey Information
      • FIGURE 8.2 Activities in Each Phase of an Employee Engagement Survey
      • CASE
      • EOSH Training
        • CASE
          • FIGURE 8.3 Sample EOSH Training Profiles, Showing the Training Required for Three Groups of AMEG Employees
          • FIGURE 8.4 Example of an EOSH Strategic Plan Training Schedule
    • CONCLUSION
• III Managing A Needs Assessment
  • NINE Writing Proposals and Reports
    • PURPOSE
    • RELATED TOOLKIT JOB AIDS
    • OVERVIEW
    • CONTRACTING A NEEDS ASSESSMENT
      • FIGURE 9.1 Potential Needs Assessment Obstacles and Tips for Overcoming Them
      • FIGURE 9.2 Some Questions from Toolkit Form 9.1: Needs Assessment Checklist
    • THE NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROPOSAL
      • FIGURE 9.3 Draft Needs Assessment Proposal: T & J Marine Products
      • Ways to Use the Needs Assessment Proposal
      • Practical Tips for Writing a Needs Assessment Proposal
    • MANAGING NEEDS ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTS
      • Reports
        • FIGURE 9.4 Phase 1 Interim Report for T & J Marine Products
      • In-Person Oral Reports and Presentations
    • CONCLUSION
  • TEN Dealing with Ethical Issues
    • PURPOSE
    • OVERVIEW
    • ETHICS IN NEEDS ASSESSMENT
      • CASE
      • FIGURE 10.1 Examples of Needs Assessment Ethical Issues
      • Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE), Program Evaluation Standards
      • American Evaluation Association, Guiding Principles
        • FIGURE 10.2 Program Evaluation Standards and Statements
        • FIGURE 10.3 Guiding Principles for Evaluators
    • Additional Resources for Managing Ethical Issues
    • CONCLUSION
  • ELEVEN Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
    • PURPOSE
    • OVERVIEW
    • COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS
      • CASE
      • CASE
      • FIGURE 11.1 Additional Needs Assessment Resources
    • CONCLUSION
• IV Needs Assessment Toolkit
  • Toolkit Forms
    • TOOLKIT FORM 2.1 Tools and Strategies for Assessing Systems
    • TOOLKIT FORM 2.2 Advances Over Time in Our Knowledge About Learning, Training, and Performance
    • TOOLKIT FORM 4.1 Knowledge and Skills Assessment Interview Guide
    • TOOLKIT FORM 4.2 Skills Assessment Survey
    • TOOLKIT FORM 4.3 Customer-Service Knowledge and Skills Assessment Survey
    • TOOLKIT FORM 4.4 Management Knowledge and Skills Assessment Survey
    • TOOLKIT FORM 4.5 Knowledge and Skills Assessment Curriculum Plan
    • TOOLKIT FORM 5.1 Job Analysis Questionnaire
    • TOOLKIT FORM 5.2 Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations+(Professional/Supervisory/Management)
    • TOOLKIT FORM 5.3 Job Training and Non-Training Recommendations (Administrative)
    • TOOLKIT FORM 5.4 Job Task Analysis Checklist
    • TOOLKIT FORM 6.1 Competency Project Plan Worksheet—Detailed Schedule of Events
    • TOOLKIT FORM 6.2 Competency Interview Worksheet
    • TOOLKIT FORM 6.3 Competency Dictionary Worksheet
    • TOOLKIT FORM 6.4 Competency Model Worksheet
    • TOOLKIT FORM 6.5 Individual Learning Development Plan for
    • TOOLKIT FORM 7.1 Strategic Issues Worksheet
    • TOOLKIT FORM 7.2 Fisher's Models of Organizational PerformanceWorksheet*
      • FIGURE 1 Aspects of Organization Level Performance
      • FIGURE 2 Aspects of Individual Level Performance
      • FIGURE 3 Complexity at the Group Level
      • FIGURE 4 Aspects of Group Level Performance
      • FIGURE 5 Compositional Links Among Performance Levels
      • FIGURE 6 Example of Cross-Level, Multi-Aspect Links
      • FIGURE 7 Example of Hybrid Links
      • FIGURE 8 Intralevel and Compositional Relationships in Organizational Performance
    • TOOLKIT FORM 7.3 Process Map Worksheet
      • Tips for Process Mapping
      • Questions to Ask
    • TOOLKIT FORM 7.4 Gap Analysis Worksheet
    • TOOLKIT FORM 7.5 Change Readiness Checklist
    • TOOLKIT FORM 7.6 Performance Improvement Planner
    • TOOLKIT FORM 8.1 Complex Needs Assessment Planning Template
    • TOOLKIT FORM 9.1 Needs Assessment Checklist
    • TOOLKIT FORM 9.2 Needs Assessment Proposal Template
    • TOOLKIT FORM 9.3 Needs Assessment Interim Report Template
• Back Matter
  • Glossary
  • References
    • Introduction
    • Chapter One
    • Chapter Two
    • Chapter Three
    • Chapter Four
    • Chapter Five
    • Chapter Six
    • Chapter Seven
    • Chapter Eight
    • Chapter Nine
    • Chapter Ten
    • Chapter Eleven
    • TOOLKIT FORMS
    • ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FOR TOOLKIT 2.2
    • GLOSSARY
  • Index
  • About the Authors

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