Efnisyfirlit

• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• About The Authors
• Dedication
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• About The Artists
• Video Contents
• Section I. Overview of the Nervous System
  • 1. Neurons and Their Properties
    • Anatomical and Molecular Properties
    • 1.2. 3D Neuronal Structure and Neurohistology
    • 1.3. Neuronal Ultrastructure
    • 1.4. Types of Synapses
    • 1.5. Neuronal Cell Types
    • 1.6. Molecular Techniques for Studying Neurons
    • 1.7. Genetic Models for Studying Neurons and Their Disorders
    • 1.8. Glial Cell Types
    • 1.9. Astrocyte Biology
    • 1.10. Microglial Biology
    • 1.11. Oligodendrocyte Biology
    • 1.12. Neuronal Growth Factors and Trophic Factors
    • 1.13. Stem Cells in the CNS: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms
    • 1.14. Stem Cell Therapy
    • 1.15. Blood-Brain Barrier
    • 1.16. Inflammation in the CNS
    • 1.17. Axonal Transport in the CNS And PNS
    • 1.18. Myelination of CNS AND PNS Axons
    • 1.19. Development of Myelination and Axon Ensheathment
    • Electrical Properties
    • 1.21. Neuronal Membrane Potential and Sodium Channels
    • 1.22. Graded Potentials in Neurons
    • 1.23. Mechanisms of Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials and Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials
    • 1.24. Action Potentials
    • 1.25. Propagation of the Action Potential
    • 1.26. Node Of Ranvier And Conduction Velocity
    • 1.27. Classification of Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Size and Conduction Velocity
    • 1.28. Electromyography and Conduction Velocity Studies
    • 1.29. Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Inhibition
    • 1.30. Spatial and Temporal Summation
    • 1.31. Normal Electrical Firing Patterns of Cortical Neurons and the Origin and Spread of Seizures
    • 1.32. Electroencephalography
    • 1.33. Types of Electrical Discharges in Generalized Seizures and Sites of Action of Antiseizure Medications
    • 1.34. Visual and Auditory Evoked Potentials
    • Neurotransmitter and Signaling Properties
    • 1.36. Mechanisms of Molecular Signaling in Neurons
    • 1.37. Neurotransmitter Release
    • 1.38. Multiple Neurotransmitter Synthesis, Release, and Signaling from Individual Neurons
    • 1.39. Neuronal Signal Transduction: Local Regulation of Synaptic Strength at an Excitatory Synapse
    • 1.40. Neuronal Signal Transduction: Regulation of Nuclear Signaling
    • 1.41. Glucocorticoid Regulation of Neurons and Apoptosis
    • 1.42. Chemical Neurotransmission (CONTINUED)
  • 2. Skull and Meninges
    • 2.1. Interior View of the Base of the Adult Skull
    • 2.2. Foramina in the Base of the Adult Skull
    • 2.3. Bony Framework of the Head and Neck
    • 2.4. Schematic of the Meninges and Their Relationships to the Brain and Skull
    • 2.5. Hematomas
  • 3. Brain
    • 3.1. Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain: Lateral View
    • 3.2. Lateral View of the Forebrain: Functional Regions
    • 3.3. Lateral View of the Forebrain: Brodmann’s Areas
    • 3.4. Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal) Surface of the Brain in Situ
    • 3.5. Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal) Surface of the Brain, with Brainstem Removed
    • 3.6. Medial Surface of the Brain
    • 3.7. Anatomy of the Basal Surface of the Brain, with the Brainstem and Cerebellum Removed
    • 3.8. Basal Surface of the Brain: Functional Areas and Brodmann’s Areas
    • 3.9. Brain Imaging: Computed Tomography Scans, Coronal and Sagittal
    • 3.10. Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axial and Sagittal T1-Weighted Images
    • 3.11. Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axial and Sagittal T2-Weighted Images
    • 3.12. Positron Emission Tomography Scanning
    • 3.13. Horizontal Brain Sections Showing the Basal Ganglia
    • 3.14. Major Limbic Forebrain Structures
    • 3.15. Corpus Callosum
    • 3.16. Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosum by Diffusion Tensor Imaging
    • 3.17. Hippocampal Formation and Fornix
    • 3.18. Thalamic Anatomy
    • 3.19. Thalamic Nuclei
  • 4. Brainstem and Cerebellum
    • 4.1. Brainstem Surface Anatomy: Posterolateral View
    • 4.2. Brainstem Surface Anatomy: Anterior View
    • 4.3. Cerebellar Anatomy: External Features
    • 4.4. Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Features
  • 5. Spinal Cord
    • 5.1. Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy
    • 5.2. Lumbar Vertebrae: Radiography
    • 5.3. Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy in Situ
    • 5.4. The Spinal Cord: Its Meninges and Spinal Roots
    • 5.5. Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional Anatomy in Situ
    • 5.6. Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter
  • 6. Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid
    • 6.1. Ventricular Anatomy
    • 6.2. Ventricular Anatomy in Coronal Forebrain Section
    • 6.3. Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle: Posterior View with Cerebellum Removed
    • 6.4. Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle: Lateral View
    • 6.5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ventricles: Axial and Coronal Views
    • 6.6. Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
    • 6.7. Hydrocephalus and Shunting of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
    • 6.8. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  • 7. Vasculature
    • Arterial System
    • 7.2. Arterial Supply to the Brain and Meninges
    • 7.3. Common Sites of Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease
    • 7.4. Internal Carotid and Ophthalmic Artery Course and Cavernous Sinus Fistula
    • 7.5. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View
    • 7.6. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Cutaway Basal View Showing the Circle of Willis
    • 7.7. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Frontal View with Hemispheres Retracted
    • 7.8. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Coronal Forebrain Section
    • 7.9. Types of Strokes
    • 7.10. Lacunar Infarcts
    • 7.11. Schematic of Arteries to the Brain
    • 7.12. Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustration and Vessels in Situ
    • 7.13. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    • 7.14. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Lateral and Medial Views
    • 7.15. Territories of the Cerebral Arteries
    • 7.16. Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Frontal and Lateral Views
    • 7.17. Angiographic Anatomy of the Internal Carotid Circulation
    • 7.18. Vertebrobasilar Arterial System
    • 7.19. Angiographic Anatomy of the Vertebrobasilar System
    • 7.20. Occlusive Sites of the Vertebrobasilar System
    • 7.21. Vascular Supply to the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
    • 7.22. Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord: Longitudinal View
    • 7.23. Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries and Their Distribution
    • 7.24. Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional View
    • Venous System
    • 7.26. Veins: Superficial Cerebral, Meningeal, Diploic, and Emissary
    • 7.27. Venous Sinuses
    • 7.28. Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain
    • 7.29. Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain: Relationship to the Ventricles
    • 7.30. Carotid Venograms: Venous Phase
    • 7.31. Magnetic Resonance Venography: Coronal and Sagittal Views
    • 7.32. Venous Drainage of the Brainstem and the Cerebellum
    • 7.33. Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord
  • 8. Developmental Neuroscience
    • 8.1. Formation of the Neural Plate, Neural Tube, and Neural Crest
    • 8.2. Neurulation
    • 8.3. Neural Tube Development and Neural Crest Formation
    • 8.4. Development of Peripheral Axons
    • 8.5. Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerve Development
    • 8.6. Limb Rotation and Dermatomes
    • 8.7. Neural Proliferation and Differentiation: Walls of the Neural Tube
    • 8.8. Neural Tube and Neural Crest Derivatives
    • 8.9. Early Brain Development: The 28-Day-Old Embryo
    • 8.10. Early Brain Development: The 36-Day-Old Embryo
    • 8.11. Early Brain Development: The 49-Day-Old Embryo and the 3-Month-Old Embryo
    • 8.12. Forebrain Development: 7 Weeks Through 3 Months
    • 8.13. The 6-Month and 9-Month Central Nervous Systems
    • 8.14. Neurogenesis and Cell Migration in the Developing Neocortex
    • 8.15. Postnatal and Adult Neurogenesis
    • 8.16. Comparison of 5½-Week and Adult Central Nervous System Regions
    • 8.17. Alar And Basal Plate Derivatives in the Brainstem
    • 8.18. Adult Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain
    • 8.19. Cranial Nerve Primordia
    • 8.20. Cranial Nerve Neuron Components
    • 8.21. Development of Motor and Preganglionic Autonomic Nuclei in the Brainstem and Spinal Cord
    • 8.22. Development of the Eye and Orbit
    • 8.23. Development of the Ear
    • 8.24. Development of the Pituitary Gland
    • 8.25. Development of the Ventricles
    • 8.26. Development of the Fourth Ventricle
    • 8.27. Neural Tube Defects
    • 8.28. Defects of the Brain and Skull
    • 8.29. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Section II. Regional Neuroscience
  • 9. Peripheral Nervous System
    • Introduction and Basic Organization
    • 9.2. Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve
    • 9.3. Nerve Compression and Pressure Gradients
    • 9.4. Peripheral Nerve Injury and Degeneration in a Compression Neuropathy
    • 9.5. Relationship of Spinal Nerve Roots to Vertebrae
    • 9.6. Lumbar Disc Herniation: L4–L5 and L5–S1
    • 9.7. Sensory Channels: Reflex and Cerebellar
    • 9.8. Sensory Channels: Lemniscal
    • 9.9. Motor Channels: Basic Organization of Lower and Upper Motor Neurons
    • 9.10. Autonomic Channels
    • 9.11. Cutaneous Receptors
    • 9.12. Pacinian Corpuscles
    • 9.13. Interoceptors
    • 9.14. Skin and Its Nerves
    • 9.15. The Neuromuscular Junction and Neurotransmission
    • 9.16. Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction
    • 9.17. Major Structures and Proteins in the Normal Neuromuscular Junction
    • 9.18. Neuroeffector Junctions
    • Somatic Nervous System
    • 9.20. Cutaneous Distribution of Peripheral Nerves
    • 9.21. Cutaneous Nerves of the Head and Neck
    • 9.22. Cervical Plexus in Situ
    • 9.23. Cervical Plexus
    • 9.24. Phrenic Nerve
    • 9.25. Thoracic Nerves
    • 9.26. Brachial Plexus
    • 9.27. Dermatomes of the Upper Limb
    • 9.28. Cervical Disc Herniation
    • 9.29. Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
    • 9.30. The Scapular, Axillary, and Radial Nerves above the Elbow
    • 9.31. Radial Nerve in the Forearm
    • 9.32. Musculocutaneous Nerve
    • 9.33. Median Nerve
    • 9.34. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
    • 9.35. Ulnar Nerve
    • 9.36. Lumbar Plexus
    • 9.37. Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
    • 9.38. Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
    • 9.39. Obturator Nerve
    • 9.40. Sciatic and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
    • 9.41. Tibial Nerve
    • 9.42. Common Peroneal Nerve
    • Autonomic Nervous System
    • 9.44. Autonomic Innervation of the Immune System and Metabolic Organs
    • 9.45. Reflex Pathways
    • 9.46. Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses
    • 9.47. Schematic of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Distribution to Motor and Autonomic Structures
    • 9.48. Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck: Medial View
    • 9.49. Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck: Lateral View
    • 9.50. Schematic of Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck
    • 9.51. Autonomic Distribution to the Eye
    • 9.52. Autonomic Innervation of the Nasal Cavity
    • 9.53. Schematic of the Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia
    • 9.54. Schematic of the Otic Ganglion
    • 9.55. Innervation of the Limbs
    • 9.56. Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Splanchnic Nerves
    • 9.57. Innervation of the Tracheobronchial Tree
    • 9.58. Innervation of the Heart
    • 9.59. Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia
    • 9.60. Nerves of the Esophagus
    • 9.61. Innervation of the Stomach and Proximal Duodenum
    • 9.62. Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum
    • 9.63. Innervation of the Small and Large Intestines
    • 9.64. Nerves of the Small Intestine
    • 9.65. Nerves of the Large Intestine
    • 9.66. Enteric Nervous System: Longitudinal View
    • 9.67. Enteric Nervous System: Cross-Sectional View
    • 9.68. Autonomic Innervation of the Liver and Biliary Tract
    • 9.69. Autonomic Innervation of the Pancreas
    • 9.70. Schematic of Innervation of the Adrenal Gland
    • 9.71. Innervation of the Adrenal Gland
    • 9.72. Autonomic Pelvic Nerves and Ganglia
    • 9.73. Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Urinary Bladder
    • 9.74. Innervation of the Kidneys and Upper Ureter
    • 9.75. Innervation of the Urinary Bladder and Lower Ureter
    • 9.76. Innervation of the Male Reproductive Organs
    • 9.77. Innervation of the Female Reproductive Organs
  • 10. Spinal Cord
    • 10.1. Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter
    • 10.2. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral
    • 10.3. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (Continued)
    • 10.4. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (Continued)
    • 10.5. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (Continued)
    • 10.6. Spinal Cord Histological Cross Sections
    • 10.7. Spinal Cord Histological Cross Sections (Continued)
    • 10.8. Spinal Cord Imaging
    • 10.9. Spinal Cord Syndromes
    • 10.10. Syringomyelia
    • 10.11. Spinal Cord Lower Motor Neuron Organization and Control
    • 10.12. Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways
    • 10.13. Muscle and Joint Receptors and Muscle Spindles
    • 10.14. The Muscle Stretch Reflex and Its Central Control via Gamma Motor Neurons
  • Brainstem and Cerebellum
    • Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy
    • 11.2. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 2
    • 11.3. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 3
    • 11.4. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 4
    • 11.5. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 5
    • 11.6. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 6
    • 11.7. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 7
    • 11.8. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 8
    • 11.9. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 9
    • 11.10. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 10
    • 11.11. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 11
    • 11.12. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 12
    • 11.13. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 13
    • 11.14. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 14
    • 11.15. Brainstem Arterial Syndromes
    • Cranial Nerves and Cranial Nerve Nuclei
    • 11.17. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: Schematic View From Above
    • 11.18. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: Schematic Lateral View
    • 11.19. Nerves of the Orbit
    • 11.20. Nerves of the Orbit (continued)
    • 11.21. Extraocular Nerves (III, IV, and VI) and the Ciliary Ganglion: View in Relation to the Eye
    • 11.22. Trigeminal Nerve (V)
    • 11.23. Innervation of the Teeth
    • 11.24. Facial Nerve (VII)
    • 11.25. Facial Nerve Branches and the Parotid Gland
    • 11.26. Facial Nerve Lesions and Their Manifestations
    • 11.27. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
    • 11.28. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
    • 11.29. Accessory Nerve (XI)
    • 11.30. Vagus Nerve (X)
    • 11.31. Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
    • Reticular Formation
    • 11.33. Reticular Formation: Nuclei and Areas in the Brainstem and Diencephalon
    • 11.34. Major Afferent and Efferent Connections to the Reticular Formation
    • 11.35. Sleep-Wakefulness Control
    • Cerebellum
    • 11.37. Cerebellar Anatomy: Lobules
    • 11.38. Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nuclei and Cerebellar Peduncles
  • Diencephalon
    • 12.1. Thalamic Anatomy and Interconnections with the Cerebral Cortex
    • 12.2. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
    • 12.3. Hypothalamic Nuclei
  • Telencephalon
    • 13.1A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Mid Pons
    • 13.1B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Mid Pons
    • 13.2A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Rostral Pons
    • 13.2B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Rostral Pons
    • 13.3A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Midbrain
    • 13.3B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Midbrain
    • 13.4A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus
    • 13.4B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus
    • 13.5A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 5—Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus
    • 13.5B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level5—Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus
    • 13.6A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6—Head of Caudate and Midthalamus
    • 13.6B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6—Head of Caudate and Midthalamus
    • 13.7A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule
    • 13.7B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule
    • 13.8A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Dorsal Caudate, Splenium, and Genu of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.8B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Dorsal Caudate, Splenium, and Genu of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.9A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Body of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.9B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Body of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.10A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Centrum Semiovale
    • 13.10B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Centrum Semiovale
    • 13.11A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Genu of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.11B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Genu of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.12A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Head of Caudate Nucleus/Nucleus Accumbens
    • 13.12B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Head of Caudate Nucleus/Nucleus Accumbens
    • 13.13A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Anterior Commissure/Columns of Fornix
    • 13. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Anterior Commissure/Columns of Fornix
    • 13.14A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Amygdala, Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule
    • 13.14B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Amygdala, Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule
    • 13.15A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 5—Mammillary Body
    • 13.15B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 5—Mammillary Body
    • 13.16A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6— Mammillothalamic Tract/ Substantia Nigra, Rostral Hippocampus
    • 13.16B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6—Mammillothalamic Tract/Substantia Nigra, Rostral Hippocampus
    • 13.17A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Midthalamus
    • 13.17B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Midthalamus
    • 13.18A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Geniculate Nuclei
    • 13.18B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Geniculate Nuclei
    • 13.19A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Caudal Pulvinar and Superior Colliculus
    • 13.19B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Caudal Pulvinar and Superior Colliculus
    • 13.20A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Splenium of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.20B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Splenium of Corpus Callosum
    • 13.21. Layers of the Cerebral Cortex
    • 13.22. Cortical Neuronal Cell Types
    • 13.23. Vertical Columns: Functional Units of the Cerebral Cortex
    • 13.24. Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
    • 13.25. Neuronal Origins of Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
    • 13.26. Cortical Association Pathways
    • 13.27. Major Cortical Association Bundles
    • 13.28. Color Imaging of Association Pathways
    • 13.29. Color Imaging of Projection Pathways from the Cerebral Cortex
    • 13.30. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    • 13.31. Noradrenergic Pathways
    • 13.32. Serotonergic Pathways
    • 13.33. Dopaminergic Pathways
    • 13.34. Central Cholinergic Pathways
    • 13.35. Endogenous Cannabinoid Systems
    • 13.36A. Endogenous Opioid Systems: Beta-Endorphin, Dynorphins, and met-Enkephalin
    • 13.36B. Endogenous Opioid Systems: Beta-Endorphin, Dynorphins, and met-Enkephalin
    • 13.37. The Olfactory Nerve and Nerves of the Nose
• Section III. Systemic Neuroscience
  • Sensory Systems
    • Somatosensory Systems
    • 14.2. Spinal Somatic Reflex Actions and Pathways
    • 14.3. Somatosensory System: Spinocerebellar Pathways
    • 14.4. Somatosensory System: The Dorsal Column System and Epicritic Modalities
    • 14.5. Somatosensory System: Neuronal Organization of Dorsal Column and Thalamic Nuclei
    • 14.6. Somatosensory System: The Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Systems and Protopathic Modalities
    • 14.7. Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Nociceptive Processing in the Spinal Cord
    • 14.8. Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain and Sympathetically Maintained Pain
    • 14.9. Descending Control of Ascending Somatosensory Systems
    • Trigeminal Sensory System
    • 14.11. Trigeminal System Peripheral and Central Connections
    • 14.12. Pain-Sensitive Structures of the Head and Pain Referral
    • 14.13. Mechanisms of Migraine Headaches
    • Sensory System for Taste
    • 14.15. Taste Pathways
    • Auditory System
    • 14.17. Bony and Membranous Labyrinths
    • 14.18. VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti
    • 14.19. Cochlear Receptors
    • 14.20. Afferent Auditory Pathways
    • 14.21. Afferent Auditory Pathways (Continued)
    • 14.22. Centrifugal (Efferent) Auditory Pathways
    • Vestibular System
    • 14.24. Vestibular Pathways
    • 14.25. Nystagmus
    • Visual System
    • 14.27. Anterior and Posterior Chambers of the Eye
    • 14.28. The Retina: Retinal Layers
    • 14.29. The Retina: Photoreceptors
    • 14.30. The Retina: Optic Nerve
    • 14.31. Arteries and Veins of the Eye
    • 14.32. Anatomy and Relationships of the Optic Chiasm
    • 14.33. Damage Affecting the Optic Chiasm
    • 14.34. Visual Pathways: Retinal Projections to the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Brainstem
    • 14.35. Pupillary Light Reflex
    • 14.36. Visual Pathway: The Retino- Geniculo-Calcarine Pathway
    • 14.37. Visual Pathways in the Parietal and Temporal Lobes
    • 14.38. Visual System Lesions
  • Motor Systems
    • Lower Motor Neurons
    • 15.2. Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons in the Spinal Cord
    • 15.3. Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons in the Brainstem
    • Upper Motor Neurons
    • 15.5. Color Imaging of Cortical Efferent Pathways
    • 15.6. Corticobulbar Tract
    • 15.7. Corticospinal Tract
    • 15.8. Corticospinal Tract Terminations in the Spinal Cord
    • 15.9. Rubrospinal Tract
    • 15.10. Vestibulospinal Tracts
    • 15.11. Reticulospinal and Corticoreticular Pathways
    • 15.12. Tectospinal Tract and Interstitiospinal Tract
    • 15.13. Spinal Cord Terminations of Major Descending Upper Motor Neuron Tracts
    • 15.14. Central Control of Eye Movements
    • 15.15. Central Control of Respiration
    • 15.16. Neural Circuitry of Swallowing
    • Cerebellum
    • 15.18. Cerebellar Neuronal Circuitry
    • 15.19. Circuit Diagrams of Afferent Connections in the Cerebellum
    • 15.20. Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum
    • 15.21. Cerebellar Efferent Pathways
    • 15.22. Cerebellovestibular and Vestibulocerebellar Pathways
    • 15.23. Schematic Diagrams of Efferent Pathways from the Cerebellum to Upper Motor Neuron Systems
    • Basal Ganglia
    • 15.25. Simplified Schematic of Basal Ganglia Circuitry and Neurochemistry
    • 15.26. Surgical Approaches to Movement Disorders
    • 15.27. Neurotransmitter Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease
    • 15.28. Parallel Loops of Circuitry through the Basal Ganglia
    • 15.29. Connections of Nucleus Accumbens
  • Autonomic-Hypothalamic-Limbic systems
    • Autonomic Nervous System
    • Hypothalamus and Pituitary
    • 16.3. Sections through the Hypothalamus: Preoptic and Supraoptic Zones
    • 16.4. Sections through the Hypothalamus: Tuberal Zone
    • 16.5. Sections through the Hypothalamus: Mammillary Zone
    • 16.6. Schematic Reconstruction of the Hypothalamus
    • 16.7. Forebrain Regions Associated with the Hypothalamus
    • 16.8. Afferent and Efferent Pathways Associated with the Hypothalamus
    • 16.9. Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Afferent Pathways
    • 16.10. Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Efferent Pathways
    • 16.11. Summary of General Hypothalamic Connections
    • 16.12. Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Regulation of Pituitary Neurohormonal Outflow, Autonomic Preganglionic Outflow, and Limbic Activity
    • 16.13. Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences on the Hypothalamus and Other Brain Regions and on Behavior
    • 16.14. Circumventricular Organs
    • 16.15. Circumventricular Organs: Functional Considerations
    • 16.16. The Hypophyseal Portal Vasculature
    • 16.17. Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion
    • 16.18. Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophyseal) Hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin
    • 16.19. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone) Regulation of Water Balance and Fluid Osmolality
    • 16.20. The Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation
    • 16.21. Hypothalamic Regulation of Cardiac Function
    • 16.22. Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure
    • 16.23. Long-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure
    • 16.24. Neural Control of Appetite and Hunger
    • 16.25. Signaling Systems Involved in Regulation of Food Intake, Body Weight, and Metabolism
    • 16.26. Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep and Waking States
    • 16.27. Neural and Neuroendocrine Roles in the Fight-or-Flight Response
    • 16.28. Neuroimmunomodulation
    • Limbic System
    • 16.30. Hippocampal Formation: General Anatomy
    • 16.31. Neuronal Connections in the Hippocampal Formation
    • 16.32. Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Hippocampal Formation
    • 16.33. Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Entorhinal Cortex
    • 16.34. Major Afferent Connections of the Amygdala
    • 16.35. Major Efferent Connections of the Amygdala
    • 16.36. Summary of Major Afferents, Efferents, and Interconnections of the Amygdala
    • 16.37. Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Septal Nuclei
    • 16.38. Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
    • 16.39. Major Connections of the Cingulate Cortex
    • 16.40. Insular Cortex
    • 16.41. Prefrontal Cortex
    • 16.42. Key Forebrain Regions Associated With Limbic and Cortical Reactivity and Their Functional Roles
    • Olfactory System
    • 16.44. Olfactory Pathways
• Section IV. Global Brain Functions
  • Global Brain Functions
    • 17.1. Dementia
    • 17.2. Alzheimer’s Disease: Distribution of Pathology in the Brain
    • 17.3. Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathology
    • 17.4. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Schizophrenia
    • 17.5. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
    • 17.6. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Panic and Anxiety Disorders
    • 17.7. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Posttraumatic Stress
    • 17.8. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    • 17.9. Traumatic Brain Injury
    • 17.10. Aphasias and Cortical Areas of Damage
    • 17.11. Aphasias: Magnetic Resonance Images and Characteristic Language Dysfunction
    • 17.12. Brain Substrates of Addictive Behaviors
    • 17.13. Memory Circuits
    • 17.14. Consciousness and Coma Assessment
    • 17.15. Differential Diagnosis of Coma
    • 17.16. Aging and the Nervous System
• Index

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
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Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
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- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu