Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 What Is Science?
• 1.1 Objects and Properties
• 1.2 Quantifying Properties
• 1.3 Measurement Systems
• 1.4 Standard Units for the Metric System
• Length
• Mass
• Time
• 1.5 Metric Prefixes
• 1.6 Understandings from Measurements
• Data
• Ratios and Generalizations
• The Density Ratio
• Symbols and Equations
• How to Solve Problems
• 1.7 The Nature of Science
• The Scientific Method
• Explanations and Investigations
• Science and Society: Basic and Applied Research
• Laws and Principles
• Models and Theories
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• PHYSICS
• 2 Motion
• 2.1 Describing Motion
• 2.2 Measuring Motion
• Speed
• Velocity
• Acceleration
• Science and Society: Transportation and the Environment
• Forces
• 2.3 Horizontal Motion on Land
• 2.4 Falling Objects
• A Closer Look: A Bicycle Racer’s Edge
• A Closer Look: Free Fall
• 2.5 Compound Motion
• Vertical Projectiles
• Horizontal Projectiles
• 2.6 Three Laws of Motion
• Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• Weight and Mass
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• 2.7 Momentum
• Conservation of Momentum
• Impulse
• 2.8 Forces and Circular Motion
• 2.9 Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• Earth Satellites
• A Closer Look: Gravity Problems
• Weightlessness
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 3 Energy
• 3.1 Work
• Units of Work
• Power
• A Closer Look: Simple Machines
• 3.2 Motion, Position, and Energy
• Potential Energy
• Kinetic Energy
• 3.3 Energy Flow
• Work and Energy
• Energy Forms
• Energy Conversion
• Energy Conservation
• Energy Transfer
• 3.4 Energy Sources Today
• Science and Society: Grow Your Own Fuel?
• Petroleum
• Coal
• Moving Water
• Nuclear
• Conserving Energy
• 3.5 Energy Sources Tomorrow
• “Solar Power” Plants
• Geothermal Energy
• Hydrogen
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 4 Heat and Temperature
• 4.1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Molecules
• Molecules Interact
• Phases of Matter
• Molecules Move
• 4.2 Temperature
• Thermometers
• Temperature Scales
• A Closer Look: Goose Bumps and Shivering
• 4.3 Heat
• Heat as Energy Transfer
• Measures of Heat
• Specific Heat
• Heat Flow
• Science and Society: Require Insulation?
• 4.4 Energy, Heat, and Molecular Theory
• Phase Change
• A Closer Look: Passive Solar Design
• Evaporation and Condensation
• 4.5 Thermodynamics
• The First Law of Thermodynamics
• The Second Law of Thermodynamics
• The Second Law and Natural Processes
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 5 Wave Motions and Sound
• 5.1 Forces and Elastic Materials
• Forces and Vibrations
• Describing Vibrations
• 5.2 Waves
• Kinds of Mechanical Waves
• Waves in Air
• 5.3 Describing Waves
• 5.4 Sound Waves
• Sound Waves in Air and Hearing
• Medium Required
• A Closer Look: Hearing Problems
• Velocity of Sound in Air
• Refraction and Reflection
• Interference
• 5.5 Energy of Waves
• How Loud Is That Sound?
• Resonance
• 5.6 Sources of Sounds
• Vibrating Strings
• Science and Society: Laser Bug
• Sounds from Moving Sources
• Case Study: Doppler Radar
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 6 Electricity
• 6.1 Concepts of Electricity
• Electron Theory of Charge
• Measuring Electrical Charges
• Electrostatic Forces
• Force Fields
• Electric Potential
• 6.2 Electric Current
• The Electric Circuit
• The Nature of Current
• Electrical Resistance
• Electrical Power and Electrical Work
• 6.3 Magnetism
• Magnetic Poles
• Magnetic Fields
• The Source of Magnetic Fields
• 6.4 Electric Currents and Magnetism
• Current Loops
• Applications of Electromagnets
• 6.5 Electromagnetic Induction
• A Closer Look: Current War
• Generators
• Transformers
• 6.6 Circuit Connections
• Voltage Sources in Circuits
• Science and Society: Blackout Reveals Pollution
• Resistances in Circuits
• A Closer Look: Solar Cells
• Household Circuits
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 7 Light
• 7.1 Sources of Light
• Case Study: Bioluminous
• 7.2 Properties of Light
• Light Interacts with Matter
• Reflection
• Refraction
• A Closer Look: Optics
• Dispersion and Color
• A Closer Look: The Rainbow
• 7.3 Evidence for Waves
• Interference
• Polarization
• A Closer Look: Optic Fibers
• A Closer Look: Lasers
• A Closer Look: Why Is the Sky Blue?
• 7.4 Evidence for Particles
• Photoelectric Effect
• Quantization of Energy
• 7.5 The Present Theory
• 7.6 Relativity
• Special Relativity
• General Theory
• Relativity Theory Applied
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• CHEMISTRY
• 8 Atoms and Periodic Properties
• 8.1 Atomic Structure Discovered
• Discovery of the Electron
• Case Study: Discovery of the Electron
• The Nucleus
• Case Study: Oil Drop Experiment
• 8.2 The Bohr Model
• The Quantum Concept
• Atomic Spectra
• Bohr’s Theory
• 8.3 Quantum Mechanics
• Matter Waves
• Wave Mechanics
• The Quantum Mechanics Model
• Science and Society: Atomic Research
• 8.4 Electron Configuration
• 8.5 The Periodic Table
• 8.6 Metals, Nonmetals, and Semiconductors
• A Closer Look: The Rare Earths
• A Closer Look: Semiconductors
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 9 Chemical Bonds
• 9.1 Compounds and Chemical Change
• 9.2 Valence Electrons and Ions
• 9.3 Chemical Bonds
• Ionic Bonds
• Covalent Bonds
• 9.4 Bond Polarity
• Case Study: Electronegativity
• 9.5 Composition of Compounds
• Ionic Compound Names
• Ionic Compound Formulas
• Covalent Compound Names
• Science and Society: Microwave Ovens and Molecular Bonds
• Covalent Compound Formulas
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 10 Chemical Reactions
• 10.1 Chemical Formulas
• Molecular and Formula Weights
• Percent Composition of Compounds
• 10.2 Chemical Equations
• Balancing Equations
• Case Study: Conservation of Mass
• Generalizing Equations
• 10.3 Types of Chemical Reactions
• Combination Reactions
• Decomposition Reactions
• Replacement Reactions
• Ion Exchange Reactions
• 10.4 Information from Chemical Equations
• Units of Measurement Used with Equations
• Science and Society: The Catalytic Converter
• Quantitative Uses of Equations
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 11 Water and Solutions
• 11.1 Household Water
• Science and Society: Who Has the Right?
• 11.2 Properties of Water
• Structure of Water Molecules
• The Dissolving Process
• Concentration of Solutions
• A Closer Look: Decompression Sickness
• Solubility
• Science and Society: What Is BPA?
• 11.3 Properties of Water Solutions
• Electrolytes
• Boiling Point
• Freezing Point
• 11.4 Acids, Bases, and Salts
• Properties of Acids and Bases
• Explaining Acid-Base Properties
• Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
• The pH Scale
• Properties of Salts
• Hard and Soft Water
• A Closer Look: Acid Rain
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 12 Organic Chemistry
• 12.1 Organic Compounds
• 12.2 Hydrocarbons
• Alkanes
• Alkenes and Alkynes
• Cycloalkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• 12.3 Petroleum
• 12.4 Hydrocarbon Derivatives
• Alcohols
• Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
• Organic Acids and Esters
• Science and Society: Aspirin, a Common Organic Compound
• 12.5 Organic Compounds of Life
• Proteins
• Connections: Protein Structure and Sickle-Cell Anemia
• Carbohydrates
• Fats and Oils
• Synthetic Polymers
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 13 Nuclear Reactions
• 13.1 Natural Radioactivity
• Nuclear Equations
• The Nature of the Nucleus
• Types of Radioactive Decay
• Radioactive Decay Series
• 13.2 Measurement of Radiation
• Measurement Methods
• A Closer Look: How Is Half-Life Determined?
• Radiation Units
• A Closer Look: Carbon Dating
• Radiation Exposure
• 13.3 Nuclear Energy
• A Closer Look: Radiation and Food Preservation
• Nuclear Fission
• A Closer Look: Nuclear Medicine
• Nuclear Power Plants
• Nuclear Fusion
• A Closer Look: Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima I
• A Closer Look: Nuclear Waste
• Science and Society: High-Level Nuclear Waste
• The Source of Nuclear Energy
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• ASTRONOMY
• 14 The Universe
• 14.1 The Night Sky
• 14.2 Stars
• Origin of Stars
• Brightness of Stars
• Star Temperature
• Star Types
• The Life of a Star
• A Closer Look: Observing with New Technology
• Science and Society: Light Pollution
• 14.3 Galaxies
• A Closer Look: Extraterrestrials?
• The Milky Way Galaxy
• Other Galaxies
• A Closer Look: Dark Energy
• 14.4 The Universe
• A Closer Look: Dark Matter
• The Age of the Universe
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 15 The Solar System
• 15.1 Planets Near the Sun
• Mercury
• Venus
• Mars
• Case Study: Worth the Cost?
• 15.2 Planets Far from the Sun
• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus and Neptune
• 15.3 Small Bodies of the Solar System
• Comets
• Asteroids
• Meteors and Meteorites
• 15.4 Origin of the Solar System
• Stage A
• Stage B
• Stage C
• 15.5 Ideas About the Solar System
• The Geocentric Model
• The Heliocentric Model
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 16 Earth in Space
• 16.1 Shape and Size of Earth
• 16.2 Motions of Earth
• Orbit
• Rotation
• Precession
• 16.3 Place and Time
• Identifying Place
• Measuring Time
• Science and Society: Saving Time?
• 16.4 The Moon
• Composition and Features
• History of the Moon
• 16.5 The Earth-Moon System
• Phases of the Moon
• Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
• Tides
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• EARTH SCIENCE
• 17 Rocks and Minerals
• 17.1 Solid Earth Materials
• 17.2 Minerals
• Crystal Structures
• Silicates and Nonsilicates
• Physical Properties of Minerals
• 17.3 Mineral-Forming Processes
• 17.4 Rocks
• Igneous Rocks
• Sedimentary Rocks
• A Closer Look: Asbestos
• Science and Society: Using Mineral Resources
• Metamorphic Rocks
• 17.5 The Rock Cycle
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 18 Plate Tectonics
• 18.1 History of Earth’s Interior
• 18.2 Earth’s Internal Structure
• Body Waves
• Surface Waves
• The Crust
• The Mantle
• The Core
• A More Detailed Structure
• A Closer Look: Seismic Tomography
• 18.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Evidence from Earth’s Magnetic Field
• Evidence from the Ocean
• Lithosphere Plates and Boundaries
• A Closer Look: Measuring Plate Movement
• Present-Day Understandings
• Science and Society: Geothermal Energy
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 19 Building Earth’s Surface
• 19.1 Interpreting Earth’s Surface
• 19.2 Earth’s Changing Features
• Stress and Strain
• Folding
• Joints and Faults
• 19.3 Earthquakes
• Causes of Earthquakes
• Locating and Measuring Earthquakes
• Measuring Earthquake Strength
• A Closer Look: Earthquake Safety
• 19.4 Origin of Mountains
• Folded and Faulted Mountains
• Volcanic Mountains
• A Closer Look: Volcanoes Change the World
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 20 Shaping Earth’s Surface
• 20.1 Changing Rocks into Soil
• Mechanical Weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Soils
• 20.2 Erosion
• Mass Movement
• Running Water
• Glaciers
• Wind
• Science and Society: Acid Rain
• 20.3 Development of Landscapes
• Rock Structure
• Weathering and Erosion Processes
• Stage of Development
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 21 Geologic Time
• 21.1 Fossils
• Early Ideas About Fossils
• Types of Fossilization
• 21.2 Reading Rocks
• Arranging Events in Order
• Correlation
• 21.3 Geologic Time
• Early Attempts at Earth Dating
• Modern Techniques
• The Geologic Time Scale
• Geologic Periods and Typical Fossils
• Mass Extinctions
• Interpreting Geologic History—A Summary
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 22 The Atmosphere of Earth
• 22.1 The Atmosphere
• Composition of the Atmosphere
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Warming the Atmosphere
• A Closer Look: Hole in the Ozone Layer?
• Structure of the Atmosphere
• 22.2 The Winds
• A Closer Look: The Windchill Factor
• Local Wind Patterns
• Science and Society: Use Wind Energy?
• Global Wind Patterns
• 22.3 Water and the Atmosphere
• Evaporation and Condensation
• Fog and Clouds
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 23 Weather and Climate
• 23.1 Clouds and Precipitation
• Cloud-Forming Processes
• Origin of Precipitation
• 23.2 Weather Producers
• Air Masses
• Weather Fronts
• Science and Society: Urban Heat Islands
• Waves and Cyclones
• Major Storms
• 23.3 Weather Forecasting
• Climate
• Major Climate Groups
• Regional Climatic Influence
• Describing Climates
• 23.4 Climate Change
• Causes of Global Climate Change
• Case Study: El Niño
• Global Warming
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• 24 Earth’s Waters
• 24.1 Water on Earth
• Freshwater
• Science and Society: Water Quality
• Surface Water
• Groundwater
• Freshwater as a Resource
• A Closer Look: Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment
• 24.2 Seawater
• Oceans and Seas
• The Nature of Seawater
• Movement of Seawater
• A Closer Look: Estuary Pollution
• A Closer Look: Rogue Waves
• 24.3 The Ocean Floor
• Summary
• Key Terms
• Applying the Concepts
• Questions for Thought
• For Further Analysis
• Invitation to Inquiry
• Parallel Exercises
• Appendix A
• Appendix B
• Appendix C
• Appendix D
• Appendix E
• Index
• Table of Atomic Weights

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