Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Halftitle
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Brief table of contents
• Detailed table of contents
• Preface
• About the authors
• Acknowledgements
• Guided tour
• Connect
• Create
• Study Skills/OUP
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
  • Personality Defined
    • Personality Is the Set of Psychological Traits …
    • And Mechanisms …
    • Within the Individual …
    • That Are Organized and Relatively Enduring …
    • And that Influence …
    • His or Her Interactions with …
    • And Adaptations to …
    • The Environment
  • Three Levels of Personality Analysis
    • Human Nature
    • Individual and Group Differences
    • Individual Uniqueness
  • Then and Now
    • Grand Theories of Personality
    • Contemporary Research in Personality
  • Six Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature
    • Dispositional Domain
    • Biological Domain
    • Intrapsychic Domain
    • Cognitive-Experiential Domain
    • Social and Cultural Domain
    • Adjustment Domain
  • The Role of Personality Theory
  • Standards for Evaluating Personality Theories
  • Is There a Grand Ultimate and True Theory of Personality?
  • Key Terms
• Chapter 2: Ppersonality Assessment, Measurement and Research Design
  • Sources of Personality Data
    • Self-report Data (S-Data)
    • Observer-report Data (O-Data)
    • Test Data (T-Data)
    • Life-outcome Data (L-Data)
    • Issues in Personality Assessment
  • Evaluation of Personality Measures
    • Reliability
    • Response Sets
    • Application
    • Validity
    • Generalizability
  • Development of Measurement Instruments
    • Scale Development
    • Scale Diagnostics
  • Research Designs in Personality
    • Quantitative Research
    • Qualitative Research
    • When to Use Experimental, Correlational and Case Study Designs
  • Summary and Evaluation
  • Key Terms
• Part 1: The Dispositional Domain
  • Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
    • What Is a Trait? Two Basic Formulations
      • Traits as Internal Causal Properties
      • Traits as Purely Descriptive Summaries
      • Personality Coherence
      • Traits versus States
      • Persons, Behaviours and Situations
    • The Act Frequency Formulation of Traits – An Illustration of the Descriptive Summary Formulation
      • Act Frequency Research Programme
      • Evaluation of the Act Frequency Formulation
    • Identification of the Most Important Traits
      • Lexical Approach
      • Statistical Approach
      • Theoretical Approach
      • Evaluating the Approaches for Identifying Important Traits
    • Taxonomies of Personality
      • Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of Personality
      • Cattell’s Taxonomy: The 16 Personality Factor System
      • Circumplex Taxonomies of Personality
      • Five-factor Model
      • From Big Five to Big Six? The HEXACO Model
      • Alternative Approaches to the Big Five
      • It Takes Two? The Big Two Metatraits
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 4: Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
    • Theoretical Issues
      • Meaningful Differences between Individuals
      • Consistency over Time
      • Consistency across Situations
      • Person–Situation Interaction
      • The Importance of Situations
    • Measurement Issues
      • Carelessness
      • Defensiveness
      • Faking on Questionnaires
      • Beware of Barnum Statements in Personality Test Interpretations
    • Personality and Selection
      • Personnel Selection – Choosing the Right Person for the Job
      • Selection in Business Settings – The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
      • Selection in Business Settings – The Hogan Personality Inventory
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability and Change
    • Conceptual Issues: Personality Development, Stability and Change
      • What Is Personality Development?
      • Rank Order Stability
      • Mean Level Stability
      • Personality Change
    • Personality Stability over Time
      • Stability of Temperament during Infancy
      • Stability during Childhood
      • Rank Order Stability in Adulthood
      • Mean Level Stability in Adulthood
    • Personality Change
      • Changes in Self-esteem from Adolescence to Adulthood
      • Sensation Seeking
      • Independence, Traditional Roles and Employability
      • Personality Changes across Cohorts: Assertiveness and Narcissism
      • Predicting Personality Change
      • Between Stability and Change: Personality Fluctuation
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
• Part 2: The Biological Domain
  • Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
    • The Human Genome
    • Controversy about Genes and Personality
    • Goals of Behavioural Genetics
    • What Is Heritability?
      • Misconceptions about Heritability
      • Nature–Nurture Debate Clarified
    • Quantitative Genetic Methods
      • Selective Breeding – Studies of Humans’ Best Friend
      • Family Studies
      • Twin Studies
      • Adoption Studies
    • Major Findings from Quantitative Genetic Research
      • Personality Traits
      • Attitudes and Preferences
      • Drinking and Smoking
      • Marriage
    • Molecular Genetic Methods and Results
    • Shared versus Non-shared Environmental Influences: A Riddle
    • Genes and the Environment
      • Genotype–Environment Interaction
      • Genotype–Environment Correlation
      • Environmental Modulation of Gene Expression
    • Behavioural Genetics, Science, Politics and Values
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
    • A Physiological Approach to Personality
    • Physiological Measures Commonly Used in Personality Research
      • Electrodermal Activity (Skin Conductance)
      • Cardiovascular Activity
      • Brain Activity
      • Other Measures
    • Physiologically based Theories of Personality
      • Extraversion–Introversion
      • Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment
      • Sensation Seeking
      • Neurotransmitters and Personality
      • Morningness–Eveningness
      • Brain Asymmetry and Affective Style
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
    • Evolution and Natural Selection
      • Natural Selection
      • Sexual Selection
      • Genes and Inclusive Fitness
      • Products of the Evolutionary Process
    • Evolutionary Psychology
      • Premises of Evolutionary Psychology
      • Empirical Testing of Evolutionary Hypotheses
    • Human Nature
      • Need to Belong
      • Helping and Altruism
      • Universal Emotions
    • Sex Differences
      • Sex Differences in Desire for Sexual Variety
      • Sex Differences in Mate Preferences
    • Individual Differences
      • Environmental Triggers of Individual Differences
      • Heritable Individual Differences Contingent on other Traits
      • Frequency-dependent Strategic Individual Differences
    • The Big Five, Motivation and Evolutionarily Relevant Adaptive Problems
    • Limitations of Evolutionary Psychology
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
• Part 3: The Intrapsychic Domain
  • Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
    • Sigmund Freud: A Brief Biography
    • Fundamental Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory
      • Basic Instincts: Sex and Aggression
      • Unconscious Motivation: Sometimes We Don’t Know Why We Do What We Do
      • Psychic Determinism: Nothing Happens by Chance
    • Structure of Personality
      • Id, Ego and Superego
      • Interaction of the Id, Ego and Superego
    • Dynamics of Personality
      • Types of Anxiety
      • Defence Mechanisms
    • Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
    • Personality and Psychoanalysis
      • Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious
      • The Process of Psychoanalysis
    • Why Is Psychoanalysis Important?
    • Psychoanalytic Research
    • Evaluation of Psychoanalysis and Freud’s Contributions
    • Beyond Classical Psychoanalysis
      • Contemporary Views on the Unconscious
      • Ego Psychology
      • Object Relations Theory
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 10: Motives and Personality
    • Basic Concepts
      • Need
      • Press
      • Apperception and the TAT
    • Self-Determination Theory
      • Autonomy, competence and relatedness
    • The Big Three Motives: Achievement, Power and Intimacy
      • Need for Achievement
      • Need for Power
      • Need for Intimacy
    • Humanistic Tradition: The Motive to Self-actualize
      • Maslow’s Contributions
      • Rogers’ Contributions
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
• Part 4: The Cognitive/Experiential Domain
  • Chapter 11: Cognitive Topics in Personality
    • Personality Revealed through Perception
      • Field Dependence
      • Pain Tolerance and Sensation Reducing/Augmenting
    • Personality Revealed through Interpretation
      • Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory
      • Locus of Control
      • Beck’s Schema Theory and the S-REF Model
    • Personality Revealed through Goals
      • Personal Projects Analysis
      • Social Cognition
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 12: Intelligence
    • Why Does Intelligence Matter?
    • Defining Intelligence
    • Implicit Theories of Intelligence
    • Approaches and History of Intelligence
      • Psychometric Approaches to Intelligence
      • Cognitive-Experiential Approaches to Intelligence
      • Biological Approaches to Intelligence
    • Intelligence Tests
      • The Stanford–Binet Test and the Wechsler Scales
      • General Intelligence Tests: Raven’s Progressive Matrices
      • Modern Intelligence Tests
      • Other Approaches to Intelligence Tests
    • Genetics, Environment and Race Issues in Intelligence
      • Genetics
      • Environment
      • Race
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 13: Emotion and Personality
    • Basic Aspects of Emotions
    • Issues in Emotion Research
      • Emotional States versus Emotional Traits
      • Categorical versus Dimensional Approachto Emotion
    • Content versus Style of Emotional Life
      • Content of Emotional Life
      • Style of Emotional Life
      • Interaction of Content and Style in Emotional Life
      • Personality and Well-being
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
    • Descriptive Component of the Self: Self-concept
      • Development of the Self-concept
      • Self-schemata: Possible Selves, Ought Selves and Bodily Selves
    • Evaluative Component of the Self: Self-esteem
      • Evaluation of Oneself
      • Research on Self-esteem
    • Social Component of the Self: Social Identity
      • The Nature of Identity
      • Identity Crises
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
• Part 5: The Social and Cultural Domain
  • Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
    • Selection
      • Personality Characteristics Desired in a Long-term Romantic Partner
      • Assortative Mating for Personality: The Search for the Similar
      • Do People Get the Mates They Want? And Are They Happy?
      • Personality and the Selective Break-up of Couples
      • Shyness and the Selection of Social Situations
      • Other Personality Traits and the Selectionof Situations
    • Evocation
      • Aggression and the Evocation of Hostility
      • Evocation of Anger and Upset in Partners
      • Evocation through Expectancy Confirmation
      • Evocation in the Digital Era; Personality Expressed Using Facebook and Other Social Media
    • Manipulation: Social Influence Tactics
      • A Taxonomy of Eleven Tactics of Manipulation
      • Sex Differences in Tactics of Manipulation
      • Personality Predictors of Tactics of Manipulation
    • Panning Back: An Overview of Personality and Social Interaction
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 16: Sex, Gender and Personality
    • The Science and Politics of Studying Sex and Gender
      • History of the Study of Sex Differences
      • Calculation of Effect Size: How Large Are the Sex Differences?
      • Minimalists and Maximalists
    • Theories of Sex Differences
      • Socialization and Social Roles
      • Hormonal Theories
      • Evolutionary Psychology Theory
      • An Integrated Theoretical Perspective
    • Sex Differences in Personality
      • Temperament in Children
      • Five-factor Model
      • Basic Emotions: Frequency and Intensity
      • Other Dimensions of Personality
    • Masculinity, Femininity, Androgyny and Sex Roles
      • The Search for Androgyny
      • Gender Stereotypes
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
    • Cultural Violations: An Illustration
    • What Is Cultural Personality Psychology?
    • Three Major Approaches to Culture
      • Evoked Culture
      • Transmitted Culture
      • Cultural Universals
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
• Part 6: The Adjustment Domain
  • Chapter 18: Stress, Coping, Adjustment and Health
    • Models of the Personality–Illness Connection
    • The Concept of Stress
      • Stress Response
      • Major Life Events
      • Daily Hassles
      • Varieties of Stress
      • Primary and Secondary Appraisal
    • Coping Strategies and Styles
      • Attributional Style
      • Optimism and Physical Well-being
      • Management of Emotions
      • Disclosure
    • Personality and health
      • Personality change due to illness
      • Neurotic cascade
      • Health and Longevity
      • Personality Treatment
      • The Healthy Personality
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
    • The Building Blocks of Personality Disorders
    • The Concept of Disorder
      • What Is Abnormal?
      • What Is a Personality Disorder?
    • Specific Personality Disorders
      • The Eccentric Cluster: Ways of Being Different
      • The Dramatic or Emotional Cluster: Ways of Being Unpredictable, Violent or Emotional
      • The Anxious Cluster: Ways of Being Nervous, Fearful or Distressed
    • Prevalence of Personality Disorders
      • Gender Differences in Personality Disorders
    • DSM-5: Hybrid Model of Personality Disorders
      • Dimensions and Categories
    • Causes of Personality Disorders
    • Summary and Evaluation
    • Key Terms
  • Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
    • Current Status of the Field
    • Domains of Knowledge: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going
      • Dispositional Domain
      • Biological Domain
      • Intrapsychic Domain
      • Cognitive/Experiential Domain
      • Social and Cultural Domain
      • Adjustment Domain
    • Integration: Personality in the Twenty-first Century
• Glossary
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index

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