Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Figure and Tables
• Acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• 1 Why Women’s Sport Matters
  • Why does sport matter?
  • Why does girls’ and women’s sport matter?
  • What counts as a sport?
  • Case study: Is cheerleading a sport?
• 2 A Brief History of Women’s Sport
  • How long have women played sport?
  • What marked the beginning of the modern age of sport and what did it mean for women?
  • What were the medical rationales for keeping women out of sport?
  • What were the aesthetic rationales for keeping women out of sport?
  • What were the social rationales for keeping women out of sport?
  • Were the 1920s the “golden age of sport”?
  • What were industrial leagues?
  • How did the history of racial and ethnic segregation and oppression affect sport for American girls and women?
  • When and how did physical educators change their collective philosophy about competitive sport for girls and women?
• 3 The Influence of Title IX
  • What is Title IX?
  • How has Title IX influenced girls’ and women’s participation in sport?
  • How do athletic programs comply with Title IX?
  • If athletic departments do not directly receive federal funding, are they exempt from Title IX?
  • Is Title IX to blame when athletic departments cut men’s programs?
  • What is gender equity?
  • Do we still need Title IX, as it applies to athletics?
  • How does Title IX apply to cases of sexual harassment and sexual violence?
• 4 Gender and Sport
  • Do the terms “sex” and “gender” mean the same thing?
  • How does gender affect girls’ and women’s participation in sport?
  • What are some examples of gendered differences in sport?
  • How do uniforms express gender differences in men’s and women’s sport?
  • What is the feminine apologetic?
  • Is muscularity a gendered characteristic?
• 5 Sexualities and Sport
  • What were the historical concerns about women’s sexuality in sport?
  • Does “sex sell” women’s sport?
  • What is the Lingerie Football League?
  • What is homophobia?
  • What are some of the ways that homophobia affects women’s sport?
  • Are there sports opportunities organized specifically for LGBTQ athletes?
  • Are things getting better for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and queer athletes?
• 6 Sex Segregation
  • Why do we segregate sport on the basis of sex?
  • Should we segregate sport according to sex?
  • Are women closing the “muscle gap” in sport?
  • What are some examples of sex-integrated sport?
  • Why do girls and women play softball while boys and men play baseball?
  • Is there really any such thing as “throwing like a girl”?
  • Does Title IX permit girls and women to play on boys’ and men’s teams?
  • Does Title IX permit boys and men to play on girls’ and women’s teams?
  • What are “sex tests” in women’s sport?
  • What is hyperandrogenism?
  • What policies do organizations follow with regard to transgender athletes?
• 7 The Olympic and Paralympic Games
  • How is the Olympic Movement organized and what role do women play in its organization?
  • How long have women been competing in the Olympic Games?
  • What Olympic sports have been the most difficult for women to gain access?
  • Do women compete in the same Olympic sports as men?
  • Are there any negative consequences to adding new sports and events to the Olympic program?
  • Do all National Olympic Committees send female athletes to the Games?
  • What are the Paralympic Games?
  • How is the Paralympic Movement organized and what role do women play in the organization?
  • Do men and women compete equally at the Paralympic Games?
  • Do all National Paralympic Committees send female athletes to the Games?
  • Do the Paralympic Games receive the same amount of media coverage as the Olympic Games?
• 8 Women, Sport, and the Media
  • Do male and female athletes receive the same amount of coverage in sport media?
  • Isn’t this difference in coverage based on consumer interest?
  • How does the coverage of women’s sport differ from the coverage of men’s sport?
  • Are sportswomen of color treated differently in sport media?
  • Are Muslim women treated differently in sport media?
  • Are there any significant themes that emerge in the media coverage of parasport or female athletes with impairments?
  • Has new and electronic media changed the coverage of women’s sport?
  • What is the status of women in sport journalism?
  • What types of challenges do women sport journalists face?
  • Are women journalists allowed in men’s locker rooms?
• 9 Professional Opportunities
  • What is the status of women in coaching positions?
  • What is the status of women in other positions of authority in sport?
  • Are there any professional sports in which women earn the same amount of money as men?
  • In what sports are pay disparities between men and women athletes the widest?
  • How do the WNBA and other professional women’s leagues survive?
  • Why aren’t women’s professional sports more successful?
• 10 The Sport–Health Connection
  • Is sport healthy?
  • Do female athletes have health concerns that are different from those of male athletes?
  • Does menstruation influence women’s sport participation?
  • What is the female athlete triad?
  • In what sports are female athletes most susceptible to disordered eating patterns?
  • Is it OK to compete in sport while pregnant?
  • What performance-enhancing drugs do women use and what are the effects?
  • Does sport put girls and women at risk for sexual violence?
  • There is a lot in the news concerning sexual abuse scandals in sport: Is this a new phenomenon?
  • What is being done to address and prevent sexual abuse in sport?
• 11 Moving On
  • If sport provides so many benefits, why don’t all girls and women participate?
  • Are there any places where it is illegal for women to play sport?
  • Is sport a human right?
  • What is Sport for Development and Peace?
  • Are things getting better for girls and women in sport?
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index

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