Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Note from the Publisher
• Title
• Copyright
• Sources
• The Editors
• The Authors
• Introduction: The Ethnic Demographic Transition
• Chapter 1: Defining Health and Health Care Disparities and Examining Disparities Across the Life Span
  • History of Health Disparities
  • Health Disparity Versus Health Inequality Versus Health Inequity
  • Health Status Disparities and Health Care Disparities
  • Summary
  • References
• Part 1: Historical and Political Considerations
  • Chapter 2: The Color Line: Race Matters in the Elimination of Health Disparities
    • Race Matters
    • The Historical Perspective
    • References
  • Chapter 3: Health Care Disparities—Science, Politics, and Race
    • References
• Part 2: Conceptualizing Race and Ethnicity
  • Chapter 4: Why Genes Don’t Count (for Racial Differences in Health)
    • The Myth of Race as Biology
    • The Double Error Inherent in Genetic Explanations of Racial Differences
    • Why Race-as-Genes Fails in Practice
    • From Studies of Race-as-Genetics to Studies of Racialism and Racism
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
  • Chapter 5: Using “Socially Assigned Race” to Probe White Advantages in Health Status
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Data Analysis
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
    • Author Contributions
• Part 3: Explaining Racial and Ethnic Disparities
• Psychosocial and Individual-Level Determinants
  • Chapter 6: Racism as a Stressor for African Americans: A Biopsychosocial Model
    • Conceptualizations of Racism
    • Evidence of Racism
    • Biopsychosocial Effects of Perceived Racism in African Americans: A Contextual Model
    • Conclusions and Recommendations
    • References
  • Chapter 7: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research on Self-Reported Racism and Health
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
  • Chapter 8: Stress, Coping, and Health Outcomes Among African-Americans: A Review of the John Henryism Hypothesis
    • John Henryism
    • References
  • Chapter 9: Race and Unhealthy Behaviors: Chronic Stress, the HPA Axis, and Physical and Mental Health Disparities Over the Life Course
    • Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
    • The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenalcortical Axis
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
  • Chapter 10: Epigenetics and the Embodiment of Race: Developmental Origins of U.S. Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Health
    • Background
    • An Epigenetic Model of Black-White Disparities in CVD
    • Discussion
    • Literature Cited
• The Effects of Culture
  • Chapter 11: Acculturation and Latino Health in the United States: A Review of the Literature and Its Sociopolitical Context
    • Introduction
    • Acculturation and Assimilation: A History of the Concepts
    • Definitions of Acculturation Used in the Public Health Literature
    • Current Evidence Regarding the Effects of Acculturation on Latino Health Outcomes
    • Recommendations for Public Health Practice and Research
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Literature Cited
  • Chapter 12: Measuring Culture: A Critical Review of Acculturation and Health in Asian Immigrant Populations
    • Introduction
    • Background
    • Method
    • Literature Review
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgments
    • Appendix A
    • Notes
    • References
  • Chapter 13: Racial Influences Associated with Weight-Related Beliefs in African American and Caucasian Women
    • Introduction
    • Method
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
    • Author Contributions
  • Chapter 14: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Differences Between U.S.- and Foreign-Born Women in Major U.S. Racial and Ethnic Groups
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
• Social Determinants
  • Chapter 15: Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Framework and a Gardener’s Tale
    • Levels of Racism
    • Levels of Racism: A Gardener’s Tale
    • References
  • Chapter 16: Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health
    • Nature and Origins of Residential Segregation
    • Segregation and Health Status: Individual and Household SES
    • Segregation and Educational Opportunity
    • Segregation and Employment Opportunities
    • Consequences of Segregation: Racial Differences in SES
    • Race, SES, and Health
    • Segregation and the Effects of Place
    • Segregation and Neighborhood and Housing Quality
    • Segregation and Health Behaviors
    • Segregation and Medical Care
    • Segregation and Crime, Homicide, and Social Context
    • Research Directions
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Chapter 17: Life Course Theories of Race Disparities: A Comparison of the Cumulative Dis/Advantage Theory Perspective and the Weathering Hypothesis
    • Introduction
    • Overview
    • How Social Disadvantage Affects Health
    • Similarities and Distinctions Between the CDA Perspective and the Weathering Hypothesis
    • Future Directions for the CDA Perspective and the Weathering Hypothesis in Health Disparities Research
    • Summary
    • References
  • Chapter 18: U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations
    • Introduction
    • Socioeconomic Status and Health
    • Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health Status
    • Mechanisms Underlying SES and Racial Differences in Health
    • Are Inequalities in Health Inevitable?
    • Conclusion
    • Literature Cited
  • Chapter 19: Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities
    • Introduction
    • Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities—EHDIC
    • Analysis Strategy
    • Findings from the EHDIC-SWB Study
    • Race Inequalities, Health Policy, and Social Conditions
    • References
• Environmental Determinants
  • Chapter 20: Race/Ethnicity, the Social Environment, and Health
    • Perceptions of Race/Ethnicity and Socio-Economic Status
    • Understanding the Social Context of Health
    • Reasons for Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health
    • Methodological Issues in Studying Race/Ethnicity and the Social Environment
    • Importance of Research on Race/Ethnicity and the Social Environment
    • References
  • Chapter 21: Built Environments and Obesity in Disadvantaged Populations
    • Introduction
    • Background
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
  • Chapter 22: Health Risk and Inequitable Distribution of Liquor Stores in African American Neighborhoods
    • Background
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Summary and Conclusions
    • References
  • Chapter 23: Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts
    • Health Disparities and the Environment
    • The Stress-Exposure Disease Framework
    • The Exposure-Disease Paradigm
    • Race and Residential Location
    • Environmental Hazards and Pollutants
    • Structural Factors
    • Community Stressors
    • Neighborhood Resources
    • Community Stress
    • Future Directions
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • Chapter 24: Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired: Scientific Evidence, Methods, and Research Implications for Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Occupational Health
    • People of Color in the US Workforce
    • Classic Case Studies
    • Disproportionate Exposure, Disproportionate Disease
    • Methodological Issues
    • Strategies to Decrease Injury and Disease
    • Research and Surveillance Agenda
    • References
• Part 4: Health Services and Health System Effects
• Patients
  • Chapter 25: Attitudes About Racism, Medical Mistrust, and Satisfaction with Care Among African American and White Cardiac Patients
    • New Contribution
    • Conceptual Framework
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Appendix
    • References
  • Chapter 26: The Legacy of Tuskegee and Trust in Medical Care: Is Tuskegee Responsible for Race Differences in Mistrust of Medical Care?
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
  • Chapter 27: Patient Race/Ethnicity and Quality of Patient–Physician Communication During Medical Visits
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
• Providers
  • Chapter 28: Implicit Bias Among Physicians and Its Prediction of Thrombolysis Decisions for Black and White Patients
    • Background
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Comment
    • Appendix
    • References
  • Chapter 29: The Effect of Patient Race and Socio-Economic Status on Physicians’ Perceptions of Patients
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Summary of Results
    • Discussion
    • Limitations
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Chapter 30: Ethnicity and Analgesic Practice
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
  • Chapter 31: The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians’ Recommendations for Cardiac Catheterization
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
• System
  • Chapter 32: Advancing Health Disparities Research Within the Health Care System: A Conceptual Framework
    • Three Phases of Health Disparities Research
    • Phase 1: Detection
    • Phase 2: Understanding
    • Phase 3: Reducing Disparities
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • Chapter 33: Linking Cultural Competence Training to Improved Health Outcomes: Perspectives from the Field
    • The Evolution and Key Principles of Cultural Competence
    • Evaluating Cultural Competence and Linking It to Health Care Outcomes
    • Summing Up
    • References
  • Chapter 34: “We Don’t Carry That”—Failure of Pharmacies in Predominantly Nonwhite Neighborhoods to Stock Opioid Analgesics
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
  • Chapter 35: Do Hospitals Provide Lower-Quality Care to Minorities Than to Whites?
    • Study Data And Methods
    • Study Results
    • Discussion
    • Notes
• Part 5: Health Disparities Solutions
  • Chapter 36: Linking Science and Policy Through Community-Based Participatory Research to Study and Address Health Disparities
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • References
  • Chapter 37: The National Health Plan Collaborative to Reduce Disparities and Improve Quality
    • Genesis of the NHPC
    • Design of the NHPC
    • Progress to Date
    • Challenges and Lessons Learned
    • Next Steps
    • Summary and Conclusions
    • Epilogue
    • References
  • Chapter 38: Interventions to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
    • New Contribution
    • Conceptual Model of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
    • Key Questions
    • Lessons Learned from Each Paper
    • Cardiovascular Disease
    • Diabetes
    • Depression
    • Breast Cancer
    • Culture
    • Performance Incentive Programs: Pay-for-Performance and Public Reporting
    • Summary Conclusions
    • References
• Index
• End User License Agreement

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