Efnisyfirlit

• Preface
  • How To Use This Book
    • Part I, Getting Started with Python
    • Part II, Core Python Language and Built-ins
    • Part III, Python Library and Extension Modules
    • Part IV, Network and Web Programming
    • Part V, Extending, Distributing, and Version Upgrade and Migration
  • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Reference Conventions
    • Version Conventions
    • Typographic Conventions
  • Using Code Examples
  • O’Reilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Introduction to Python
  • The Python Language
  • The Python Standard Library and Extension Modules
  • Python Implementations
    • CPython
    • PyPy
    • Choosing Between CPython, PyPy, and Other Implementations
    • Other Developments, Implementations, and Distributions
    • Licensing and Price Issues
  • Python Development and Versions
  • Python Resources
    • Documentation
    • Community
  • Installation
  • Installing Python from Binaries
  • Installing Python from Source Code
    • Microsoft Windows
    • Unix-Like Platforms
• 2. The Python Interpreter
  • The python Program
    • Environment Variables
    • Command-Line Syntax and Options
    • The Windows py Launcher
    • The PyPy Interpreter
    • Interactive Sessions
  • Python Development Environments
    • IDLE
    • Other Python IDEs
    • Free Text Editors with Python Support
    • Tools for Checking Python Programs
  • Running Python Programs
  • Running Python in the Browser
    • PyScript
    • Jupyter
• 3. The Python Language
  • Lexical Structure
    • Lines and Indentation
    • Character Sets
    • Tokens
    • Statements
  • Data Types
    • Numbers
    • Sequences
    • Sets
    • Dictionaries
    • None
    • Ellipsis (...)
    • Callables
    • Boolean Values
  • Variables and Other References
    • Variables
    • Assignment Statements
    • del Statements
  • Expressions and Operators
    • Comparison Chaining
    • Short-Circuiting Operators
    • Assignment Expressions
  • Numeric Operations
    • Numeric Conversions
    • Arithmetic Operations
    • Bitwise Operations on Integers
  • Sequence Operations
    • Sequences in General
    • Strings
    • Tuples
    • Lists
  • Set Operations
    • Set Membership
    • Set Methods
  • Dictionary Operations
    • Dictionary Membership
    • Indexing a Dictionary
    • Dictionary Methods
  • Control Flow Statements
    • The if Statement
    • The match Statement
    • The while Statement
    • The for Statement
    • The break Statement
    • The continue Statement
    • The else Clause on Loop Statements
    • The pass Statement
    • The try and raise Statements
    • The with Statement
  • Functions
    • Defining Functions: The def Statement
    • Parameters
    • Attributes of Function Objects
    • Function Annotations
    • The return Statement
    • Calling Functions
    • Namespaces
    • lambda Expressions
    • Generators
    • Recursion
• 4. Object-Oriented Python
  • Classes and Instances
    • Python Classes
    • The class Statement
    • The Class Body
    • Descriptors
    • Instances
    • Attribute Reference Basics
    • Bound and Unbound Methods
    • Inheritance
    • The Built-in object Type
    • Class-Level Methods
    • Properties
    • __slots__
    • __getattribute__
    • Per Instance Methods
    • Inheritance from Built-in Types
  • Special Methods
    • General-Purpose Special Methods
    • Special Methods for Containers
    • Abstract Base Classes
    • Special Methods for Numeric Objects
  • Decorators
  • Metaclasses
    • Alternatives to Custom Metaclasses for Simple Class Customization
    • How Python Determines a Class’s Metaclass
    • How a Metaclass Creates a Class
    • Data Classes
    • Enumerated Types (Enums)
• 5. Type Annotations
  • History
  • Type-Checking Utilities
    • mypy
    • Other Type Checkers
  • Type Annotation Syntax
  • The typing Module
    • Types
    • Type Expression Parameters
    • Abstract Base Classes
    • Protocols
    • Utilities and Decorators
    • Defining Custom Types
  • Using Type Annotations at Runtime
  • How to Add Type Annotations to Your Code
    • Adding Type Annotations to New Code
    • Adding Type Annotations to Existing Code (Gradual Typing)
    • Using .pyi Stub Files
  • Summary
• 6. Exceptions
  • The try Statement
    • try/except
    • try/finally
    • try/except/finally
  • The raise Statement
  • The with Statement and Context Managers
  • Generators and Exceptions
  • Exception Propagation
  • Exception Objects
    • The Hierarchy of Standard Exceptions
    • Standard Exception Classes
  • Custom Exception Classes
    • Custom Exceptions and Multiple Inheritance
    • Other Exceptions Used in the Standard Library
  • ExceptionGroup and except*
  • Error-Checking Strategies
    • LBYL Versus EAFP
    • Handling Errors in Large Programs
    • Logging Errors
  • The assert Statement
• 7. Modules and Packages
  • Module Objects
    • The import Statement
    • The from Statement
  • Module Loading
    • Built-in Modules
    • Searching the Filesystem for a Module
    • The Main Program
    • Reloading Modules
    • Circular Imports
    • Custom Importers
  • Packages
    • Special Attributes of Package Objects
    • Absolute Versus Relative Imports
  • Distribution Utilities (distutils) and setuptools
  • Python Environments
    • Enter the Virtual Environment
    • What Is a Virtual Environment?
    • Creating and Deleting Virtual Environments
    • Working with Virtual Environments
    • Managing Dependency Requirements
    • Other Environment Management Solutions
    • Best Practices with Virtualenvs
• 8. Core Built-ins and Standard Library Modules
  • Built-in Types
  • Built-in Functions
  • The sys Module
  • The copy Module
  • The collections Module
    • ChainMap
    • Counter
    • OrderedDict
    • defaultdict
    • deque
  • The functools Module
  • The heapq Module
    • The Decorate–Sort–Undecorate Idiom
  • The argparse Module
  • The itertools Module
• 9. Strings and Things
  • Methods of String Objects
  • The string Module
  • String Formatting
    • Formatted String Literals (F-Strings)
    • Formatting Using format Calls
    • Value Conversion
    • Value Formatting: The Format Specifier
    • Nested Format Specifications
    • Formatting of User-Coded Classes
    • Legacy String Formatting with %
    • Format Specifier Syntax
  • Text Wrapping and Filling
  • The pprint Module
  • The reprlib Module
  • Unicode
    • The codecs Module
    • The unicodedata Module
• 10. Regular Expressions
  • Regular Expressions and the re Module
    • REs and bytes Versus str
    • Pattern String Syntax
    • Common Regular Expression Idioms
    • Sets of Characters
    • Alternatives
    • Groups
  • Optional Flags
  • Match Versus Search
  • Anchoring at String Start and End
  • Regular Expression Objects
  • Match Objects
  • Functions of the re Module
  • REs and the := Operator
  • The Third-Party regex Module
• 11. File and Text Operations
  • The io Module
    • Creating a File Object with open
    • Attributes and Methods of File Objects
    • Iteration on File Objects
    • File-Like Objects and Polymorphism
  • The tempfile Module
  • Auxiliary Modules for File I/O
    • The fileinput Module
    • The struct Module
  • In-Memory Files: io.StringIO and io.BytesIO
  • Archived and Compressed Files
    • The tarfile Module
    • The zipfile Module
  • The os Module
    • Filesystem Operations
    • The os.path Module
    • OSError Exceptions
  • The errno Module
  • The pathlib Module
  • The stat Module
  • The filecmp Module
  • The fnmatch Module
  • The glob Module
  • The shutil Module
  • Text Input and Output
    • Standard Output and Standard Error
    • The print Function
    • Standard Input
    • The getpass Module
  • Richer-Text I/O
    • The readline Module
    • Console I/O
  • Internationalization
    • The locale Module
    • The gettext Module
    • More Internationalization Resources
• 12. Persistence and Databases
  • Serialization
    • The csv Module
    • The json Module
    • The pickle Module
    • The shelve Module
  • DBM Modules
    • The dbm Package
    • Examples of DBM-Like File Use
  • The Python Database API (DBAPI)
    • Exception Classes
    • Thread Safety
    • Parameter Style
    • Factory Functions
    • Type Description Attributes
    • The connect Function
    • Connection Objects
    • Cursor Objects
    • DBAPI-Compliant Modules
    • SQLite
• 13. Time Operations
  • The time Module
  • The datetime Module
    • The date Class
    • The time Class
    • The datetime Class
    • The timedelta Class
    • The tzinfo Abstract Class
    • The timezone Class
  • The zoneinfo Module
  • The dateutil Module
  • The sched Module
  • The calendar Module
• 14. Customizing Execution
  • Per-Site Customization
  • Termination Functions
  • Dynamic Execution and exec
    • Avoiding exec
    • Expressions
    • compile and Code Objects
    • Never exec or eval Untrusted Code
  • Internal Types
    • Type Objects
    • The Code Object Type
    • The Frame Type
  • Garbage Collection
    • The gc Module
    • The weakref Module
• 15. Concurrency: Threads and Processes
  • Threads in Python
  • The threading Module
    • Thread Objects
    • Thread Synchronization Objects
    • Thread Local Storage
  • The queue Module
  • The multiprocessing Module
    • Differences Between multiprocessing and threading
    • Sharing State: Classes Value, Array, and Manager
    • Process Pools
  • The concurrent.futures Module
  • Threaded Program Architecture
  • Process Environment
  • Running Other Programs
    • Using the Subprocess Module
    • Running Other Programs with the os Module
  • The mmap Module
    • Methods of mmap Objects
    • Using mmap Objects for IPC
• 16. Numeric Processing
  • Floating-Point Values
  • The math and cmath Modules
  • The statistics Module
  • The operator Module
  • Random and Pseudorandom Numbers
    • The random Module
    • Crypto-Quality Random Numbers: The secrets Module
  • The fractions Module
  • The decimal Module
  • Array Processing
    • The array Module
    • Extensions for Numeric Array Computation
• 17. Testing, Debugging, and Optimizing
  • Testing
    • Unit Testing and System Testing
    • The doctest Module
    • The unittest Module
    • Testing with nose2
    • Testing with pytest
  • Debugging
    • Before You Debug
    • The inspect Module
    • The traceback Module
    • The pdb Module
    • Other Debugging Modules
  • The warnings Module
    • Classes
    • Objects
    • Filters
    • Functions
  • Optimization
    • Developing a Fast-Enough Python Application
    • Benchmarking
    • Large-Scale Optimization
    • Profiling
    • Small-Scale Optimization
• 18. Networking Basics
  • The Berkeley Socket Interface
    • Socket Addresses
    • Client/Server Computing
    • The socket Module
    • Socket Objects
    • A Connectionless Socket Client
    • A Connectionless Socket Server
    • A Connection-Oriented Socket Client
    • A Connection-Oriented Socket Server
  • Transport Layer Security
  • SSLContext
• 19. Client-Side Network Protocol Modules
  • Email Protocols
    • The poplib Module
    • The smtplib Module
  • HTTP and URL Clients
    • URL Access
    • The urllib Package
    • The Third-Party requests Package
  • Other Network Protocols
• 20. Serving HTTP
  • http.server
  • WSGI
    • WSGI Servers
    • ASGI
  • Python Web Frameworks
    • “Full-Stack” Versus “Lightweight” Frameworks
    • A Few Popular Full-Stack Frameworks
    • Considerations When Using Lightweight Frameworks
    • A Few Popular Lightweight Frameworks
• 21. Email, MIME, and Other Network Encodings
  • MIME and Email Format Handling
    • Functions in the email Package
    • The email.message Module
    • The email.Generator Module
    • Creating Messages
    • The email.encoders Module
    • The email.utils Module
    • Example Uses of the email Package
  • Encoding Binary Data as ASCII Text
    • The base64 Module
    • The quopri Module
    • The uu Module
• 22. Structured Text: HTML
  • The html.entities Module
  • The BeautifulSoup Third-Party Package
    • The BeautifulSoup Class
    • The Navigable Classes of bs4
    • bs4 find… Methods (aka Search Methods)
    • bs4 CSS Selectors
    • An HTML Parsing Example with BeautifulSoup
  • Generating HTML
    • Editing and Creating HTML with bs4
    • Building HTML with bs4
    • Templating
    • The jinja2 Package
• 23. Structured Text: XML
  • ElementTree
    • The Element Class
    • The ElementTree Class
    • Functions in the ElementTree Module
  • Parsing XML with ElementTree.parse
    • Selecting Elements from an ElementTree
    • Editing an ElementTree
  • Building an ElementTree from Scratch
  • Parsing XML Iteratively
• 24. Packaging Programs and Extensions
  • What We Don’t Cover in This Chapter
  • A Brief History of Python Packaging
  • Online Material
• 25. Extending and Embedding Classic Python
  • Online Material
• 26. v3.7 to v3.n Migration
  • Significant Changes in Python Through 3.11
  • Planning a Python Version Upgrade
    • Choosing a Target Version
    • Scoping the Work
    • Applying the Code Changes
    • Upgrade Automation Using pyupgrade
    • Multiversion Testing
    • Use a Controlled Deployment Process
    • How Often Should You Upgrade?
  • Summary
• Appendix. New Features and Changes in Python 3.7 Through 3.11
  • Python 3.7
  • Python 3.8
  • Python 3.9
  • Python 3.10
  • Python 3.11
• Index
• About the Authors

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

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