Efnisyfirlit

• Contents
• Introduction
• Chapter 1: Overview: Causes and effects of 20th-century wars
  • Why is the study of war important?
  • What terms do we use to describe different types of war?
    • Interstate war
    • A war of total mobilization
    • A war of limited mobilization
    • Civil wars
    • Guerrilla warfare
    • Key terms
• Chapter 2: Cross-regional war: World War One – Causes
  • The Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)
  • What were the key characteristics of the Great European Powers, c.1900?
    • Germany
    • France
    • Britain
    • Austria-Hungary
    • Russia
    • Turkey
  • Long-term causes of World War One
    • Bismarck’s web of alliances
    • The New Course and Weltpolitik
    • Imperialism
    • The emergence of the alliance system
    • The naval race
    • The situation in the Balkans
  • Short-term causes: the crisis years (1905–1913)
    • The Moroccan Crisis (1905)
    • The Bosnian Crisis (1908)
    • The Second Moroccan (Agadir) Crisis (1911)
    • The First Balkan War (1912)
    • The Second Balkan War (1913)
    • The international situation by 1913
  • Other developments 1900–1913
    • The will to make war
    • The arms race and militarism
    • War plans
  • The impact of the July Crisis (1914)
  • During the July Crisis, what was the contribution of each of the European powers to the outbreak of
    • Germany
    • Austria-Hungary
    • Russia
    • France
    • Britain
  • Historiography: Causes of World War One
    • Fritz Fischer
    • After Fischer
    • John Keegan
    • James Joll
    • Niall Ferguson
• Chapter 3: Cross-regional war: World War One – Practices
  • Overview of the war: the Western Front
    • The failure of the Schlieffen Plan
    • 1915: stalemate
    • 1916: Verdun and the Somme
    • The Battle of the Somme
    • 1917: the USA joins the war
    • 1918: victory for the Allies
    • The Armistice
  • The Eastern Front 1914
    • 1915
    • 1916–1917
  • The Balkan Front
  • The Italian Front
  • Turkey and the Middle Eastern Fronts
  • War in the colonial territories
  • How was World War One fought?
    • War on land – the Western Front
    • Why did trench warfare lead to a stalemate?
  • How did new technologies impact the fighting on the Western Front?
    • Machine guns and grenades
    • Heavy artillery
    • Chemical warfare
    • Tanks
  • What impact did the technological advances of World War One have on the outcome of the fighting?
  • War at sea
    • What was the importance of naval warfare in World War One?
    • Mines and submarines
    • Why was Britain able to survive the U-boat blockade?
    • The Battle of Jutland
  • War in the air
    • Airships, bombs, and civilian targets
    • Aircraft: reconnaissance, dog-fights, and ground attack
  • World War One controversy
  • What were the reasons for Germany’s defeat in World War One?
    • Germany’s weaknesses/failures
    • Allied strengths/successes
  • World War One as a war of total mobilization
    • The aims of the belligerents
    • The use of weaponry
    • The role of civilians
  • The growth of government power
    • Controlling human resources
    • Controlling production
    • Controlling morale
    • Controlling the economy
• Chapter 4: Cross-regional war: World War One – Effects
  • The impact of the war on Europe – the situation in 1919
    • The human cost of the war
    • Economic consequences
    • Political consequences
  • Impact of the war outside of Europe – thes ituation in 1919
    • America
    • Japan and China
  • Problems facing the peacemakers in 1919
    • The aims of the peacemakers
  • The Armistice settlement and the mood of the German population
  • The popular mood in Britain, France, Italy, and the USA
  • The terms of the Treaty of Versailles
    • War guilt
    • Disarmament
    • Territorial changes
    • Mandates
    • Reparations
    • Punishment of war criminals
  • What was the contemporary response to the Treaty of Versailles?
    • Criticisms of the Treaty of Versailles
  • Alternative views of the Treaty of Versailles
  • The settlement of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe
    • The Treaty of St Germain (1919)
    • The Treaty of Trianon (1920)
    • The Treaty of Neuilly (1919)
    • The Treaty of Sèvres (1920)
    • The Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
    • What were the criticisms of the peace settlements in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe?
  • What was the impact of the war and the peace treaties by the early 1920s?
    • Political issues
    • Economic issues
    • Social changes
    • How were women affected by the war?
• Chapter 5: Cross-regional war: World War Two – Causes I: The failure of collective security
  • The failure of ‘collective security’
    • Collective security and the League of Nations
    • The Covenant of the League of Nations
    • Dealing with international disputes
  • Problems for the League of Nations in the 1920s
    • Changing membership of the League
    • Absence of major powers
    • Absence of the USSR
    • Absence of Germany
    • Weakness of Central European states
  • How successful was the League of Nations in the 1920s?
    • Peacekeeping 1920–1925
    • Attempts to strengthen the League
  • The Ruhr Crisis (1923)
  • The Rapallo Treaty
  • The Locarno Era
    • The Locarno Conference and the ‘Locarno spirit’ (1925)
    • The Young Plan (1929)
    • The Kellogg–Briand Pact (August 1928)
  • Why did collective security fail in the 1930s?
    • The Depression
  • The Manchurian dispute
    • Why did the League fail to resolve the Manchurian Crisis?
    • What was the impact of the Manchurian Crisis on the League of Nations?
    • What was the impact of the Manchurian Crisis on the growth of Japanese militarism?
  • The Abyssinian Crisis (1935)
    • What were the effects of the Abyssinian Crisis on the League of Nations?
  • The failure of disarmament
    • The Washington Conference (1921–1922)
    • The London Naval Conference (1930)
    • The London Naval Treaty (1936)
    • The Geneva Disarmament Conference (1932–1934)
    • Why did the League fail to achieve disarmament?
• Chapter 6: Cross-regional war: World War Two – Causes II: Hitler’s war
  • Hitler’s foreign policy aims 1919–1933
  • Hitler’s rise to power
  • Hitler and the short-term causes of World War Two (1933–1938)
    • Revising the Treaty of Versailles
    • The European response
    • German remilitarization of the Rhineland
    • Hitler’s involvement in the Spanish Civil War
    • Rome–Berlin Axis and the Anti-Comintern Pact
    • The Hossbach Memorandum
    • Anschluss
    • Hitler, Poland, and the Nazi–Soviet Pact
    • The invasion of Poland
  • Appeasement as a cause of World War Two
    • Can appeasement as a policy in the 1930s be justifi ed?
    • Chamberlain and appeasement
  • Reviewing the causes of war
    • Britain
    • France
    • USSR
    • Italy
• Chapter 7: Cross-regional war: World War Two – Causes III: The war in the Pacific
  • Japan’s responsibility for war in the Pacific: the historical debate
  • Japan and the long-term causes of World War Two in the Pacific
    • Background: Japanese relations with the West
    • Japan and World War One
    • Japan and Versailles: a ‘mutilated victory’
    • The liberal 1920s: a peaceful Japan?
  • Japan and the short-term causes of the Pacific War: ‘the dark valley’
    • Sino-Japanese War: no retreat
    • What was the impact of Japan’s relationship with Germany?
    • What was the impact of Japan’s relationship with the USSR?
  • To what extent was the USA responsible for the war in the Pacific?
  • War in the Pacific: historiography
  • The role of the emperor in Japan’s road to war
• Chapter 8: Cross-regional war: World War Two – Practices
  • The war in Europe
    • Blitzkrieg – the invasion of Poland (September 1939)
    • The Phoney War
    • The invasion of Denmark and Norway (April 1940)
    • The invasion of Holland, Belgium, and France (May–June 1940)
    • The Battle of Britain (1940)
    • The Mediterranean and the Balkans (1940–1941)
  • Operation Barbarossa (22 June 1941)
    • Why were the Soviets able to defeat the German army?
  • The defeat of Nazi Germany
    • El Alamein (1942)
    • The fall of Italy (1943–1945)
    • Operation Overlord (June 1944)
  • Why did the Allies defeat Hitler?
    • The weakness of the Axis powers
    • The strengths of the Allies
  • War in the East: an overview
    • The Battle of Midway (June 1942)
    • Japanese retreat
    • The atomic bomb, and the Japanese surrender
  • Why were the Allies successful in defeating the Japanese?
  • How was World War Two fought?
    • The war on land
    • The successes and failures of blitzkrieg
    • The war at sea
    • The war in the air
  • To what extent did World War Two see the total mobilization of resources?
    • The aims of the belligerents
    • The use of weaponry
    • The impact of war on civilians
    • Deportation and genocide
    • Mobilization of human resources
    • Resistance movements
  • Economic mobilization and the growth of government power
    • Britain
    • Germany
    • The Soviet Union
    • The USA
    • Japan
  • Propaganda
• Chapter 9: Cross-regional war: World War Two – Effects
  • The impact of the war in Europe
    • Human cost
    • Economic cost
    • Political consequences
  • The effects of the war on international relations
    • The USA and USSR emerge as superpowers
  • The impact of the superpowers
    • Western Europe
  • What was the impact of the war on the position of women?
    • Eastern Europe
  • Conclusions on the effect of the war in Europe
  • The impact of World War Two in Asia
    • Japan
    • China
    • Decolonization: the decline of European influence in Asia
  • Other effects of the war
    • The establishment of war tribunals
    • The United Nations
• Chapter 10: Comparative study of cross-regional wars
  • Comparative study of cross-regional wars
    • Change and continuity
    • Compare and contrast the causes of two 20th-century wars
    • Practices of 20th-century war and their impact on the outcome
    • Comparing the effects of World War One and World War Two
    • Peace treaties of World War One and World War Two
    • What was the social impact of the First World War and the Second World War?
• Chapter 11: Europe region: Spanish Civil War
  • Long-term causes of the Spanish Civil War: political instability (1820–1931)
    • Weakness of government
    • The role of the Spanish army
    • The role of the church
    • Economic causes
    • The role of the regions
    • Political opposition
    • The fall of the monarchy and the establishment of the Second Republic
  • Short-term causes of the Spanish Civil War: political polarization
    • The Left Republic (April 1931–November 1933)
    • The Right Republic (November 1933–February 1936)
    • The Popular Front (February–July 1936)
  • The course of the Spanish Civil War
  • Why did the Nationalists win the Spanish Civil War?
    • Nationalist strengths
    • Republican weaknesses
  • Overview: foreign intervention
    • Britain
    • France
    • The United States
    • The USSR
    • Germany
    • Italy
    • Portugal
  • The nature of the Spanish Civil War
  • Effects of the civil war on Spain
    • Human cost
    • Impact on the role of women
    • Economic cost
    • Political effects
  • The international effects of the Spanish Civil War
    • USSR and Communism
    • Hitler’s Germany and Mussolini’s Italy
    • Britain and France
    • The USA
  • Was the Spanish Civil War a cause of World War Two?
• Chapter 12: Asia and Oceania region: Chinese Civil War
  • Long-term causes of the Chinese Civil War
    • Socio-economic factors
    • Political weakness and the influence of foreign powers
    • The overthrow of the Manchu dynasty
    • The rule of Yuan Shikai
  • Short-term causes of the Chinese Civil War
    • Political weakness: regionalism – the warlords 1916–1928
    • The May Fourth Movement
    • Communists and Nationalists
    • Attempt to unify China: the First United Front
    • End of the First United Front: the GMD attacks the CCP
  • The course of the war
    • The Jiangxi Soviet
    • Division within the CCP
    • The GMD attempts to exterminate the CCP
    • The Long March
    • Key events of the Long March
  • Mao and revolutionary warfare
  • End of the first stage of the Chinese Civil War – the Second United Front, 1937
    • Why was the CCP able to survive the first stage of the Chinese Civil War?
  • The Sino-Japanese War
    • The impact of the war on the GMD
    • The impact of the war on the CCP
  • Second phase of the Civil War, 1946–1949
    • Failure of the USA
    • Initial victories for the GMD (1945–1947
    • The CCP on the offensive (1947–1948)
    • Collapse of GMD resistance
  • What were the reasons for the Communist success?
    • Strengths of the CCP
    • Jiang Jieshi’s errors
  • What was the role of foreign support in the final outcome?
    • The USA
    • The USSR
  • Results of the Chinese Civil War
    • For China
    • For Asia
    • For the USSR
    • China’s relations with the USA and the West
• Chapter 13: Comparative: Civil wars
  • Comparative study of civil wars
    • Comparative study of the causes of two 20th-century civil wars
    • Compare and contrast the practices of two civil wars
• Chapter 14: Africa and the Middle East region: Algerian War
  • Long-term causes of the Algerian War
    • Tensions in Algeria before World War Two
    • The impact of World War Two on French rule in Algeria
  • Short-term causes of the Algerian war
    • The ‘era of broken promises’
  • The outbreak of war
  • The nature of the fighting in the Algerian War
    • The international dimension of guerrilla tactics
    • The Battle of Algiers
  • What was the role of de Gaulle in the crisis?
    • Barricades Week and the Generals’ Insurrection
  • The formation of the OAS
  • The peace talks
  • What were the results of the Algerian Civil War?
    • For Algeria
    • For the colons
    • For the harkis
    • For France
• Chapter 15: Comparative: Guerrilla wars
  • Comparative study of guerrilla wars
    • The reasons for the choice of guerrilla tactics
    • Which elements of guerrilla warfare were used by each side?
    • What was the impact of these tactics on the final outcome of the war?
• Chapter 16: Americas region: Falklands/Malvinas War
  • Long-term causes of the Falklands War
    • Legacy of colonialism and territorial claims
  • Short-term causes of the Falklands War
    • Economic issues
    • Political issues
    • Communication
    • Military causes
    • The role of the navies
  • The invasion
    • Failure of diplomacy
  • The crisis intensifies
    • Brinkmanship
    • Why did the search for peace fail?
  • Practices of the war and their impact on the outcome
    • War in the air
    • War at sea
    • War on the land
  • The extent of mobilization: war on the home front
  • The role of the UN
  • The role of the USA
  • Why did Britain win the Falklands/Malvinas war?
    • British advantages
    • Argentine disadvantages
  • Results of the Falklands War
    • Results for Argentina
    • Results for Britain
    • Results for the USSR
    • Results for the USA
    • Results for the Falkland islanders
    • Results for the United Nations
• Chapter 17: Africa and the Middle East region: First Gulf War
  • Long-term causes of the Gulf War
    • The war between Iraq and Iran
    • The relationship between Iraq and the West
    • The decline of Soviet infl uence
  • Short-term causes of the Gulf War
    • Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
  • International reaction to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
    • The countdown to war
    • Why was a peaceful settlement not possible?
    • Why did Saddam not respond to the military threat that faced him?
  • The outbreak of war
  • Overview of the war
    • The nature of the fighting
    • The war in the air
    • The impact of the bombing
    • The land war
    • The sea war
  • Reasons for Allied success
  • Results of the Gulf War
    • Casualties
    • Economic effects
    • Environmental damage
    • Political effects
• Chapter 18: Comparative: Limited wars
  • Comparative study of limited wars
    • Causes of war
    • Practices of war and their impact on the outcome
• Theory of Knowledge
  • Introduction
  • Ways of knowing
  • Areas of knowledge
  • Historical development
  • Personal and shared knowledge
  • Conclusion
• Further Reading
  • Books
  • Websites
• Glossary
• Index
• Back Cover

UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS

Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!

Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.

Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).

Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.

Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.

Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.



Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu