Pearson Baccalaureate Essentials: Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) uPDF
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Pearson Baccalaureate Essentials: Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS)Annað
- Höfundur: Andrew Davis
- Útgáfa:1
- Útgáfudagur: 20-07-2020
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- Format:Page Fidelity
- ISBN 13: 9781292371610
- Print ISBN: 9781447990420
- ISBN 10: 1292371617
Efnisyfirlit
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Foundations of ESS
- 1.1: Environmental value systems
- What is ESS?
- The development of the environmental movement
- Environmental value systems
- The range of EVSs
- Contrasting EVSs
- Decision-making and EVSs
- Intrinsic value
- 1.2: Systems and models
- What are systems?
- The systems concept on a range of scales
- The characteristics of systems
- Open, closed, and isolated systems
- Models
- 1.3: Energy and equilibria
- Laws of thermodynamics and environmental systems
- The nature of equilibria
- Positive and negative feedback
- Tipping points
- Resilience and diversity in systems
- 1.4: Sustainability
- What is sustainability?
- Sustainable development
- Natural capital (resources) and natural income
- The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
- Environmental Impact Assessments
- Ecological footprints
- 1.5: Humans and pollution
- What is pollution?
- Point-source pollution and non-point source pollution
- Primary vs. secondary pollution
- Acute vs. chronic effects of pollution
- Persistent vs. biodegradable pollutants
- Pollution management
- 1.1: Environmental value systems
- 2.1: Species and populations
- Species, habitat, and niche
- Abiotic factors
- Population interactions
- Population growth
- Limiting factors
- 2.2: Communities and ecosystems
- Communities and ecosystems
- Photosynthesis and respiration
- Feeding relationships
- Trophic levels, food chains and food webs
- Efficiency of energy transfers through an ecosystem
- Pyramids of numbers, biomass, and productivity
- 2.3: Flows of energy and matter
- Transfer and transformation of energy
- Primary and secondary productivity
- Maximum sustainable yields
- Nutrient cycles
- The impact of human activities on energy flows and matter cycles
- 2.4: Biomes, zonation, and succession
- Biomes
- Investigating different biomes
- The effect of climate change on biome distribution
- Spatial and temporal changes in communities
- Climax communities
- r- and K-strategist species
- The impact of human activities on succession
- 2.5: Investigating ecosystems
- Studying ecosystems
- Identifying organisms in ecosystems
- Measuring abiotic components of the ecosystem
- Measuring biotic components of the ecosystem
- Methods for estimating the biomass of trophic levels
- Species richness and diversity
- Measuring changes in ecosystems
- 3.1: An introduction to biodiversity
- What is biodiversity?
- Species diversity
- Habitat diversity
- Genetic diversity
- Overview of biodiversity
- Conservation of biodiversity
- 3.2: Origins of biodiversity
- How biodiversity arises from evolutionary processes
- The role of isolation in forming new species
- Plate tectonics
- Mass extinctions
- 3.3: Threats to biodiversity
- How many species are there on Earth?
- What are the current rates of species loss?
- Causes of species loss
- Threats to tropical biomes
- Determining conservation status
- Extinct, critical, and back from the brink
- Threats to an area of biological significance
- 3.4: Conservation of biodiversity
- Arguments for preserving biodiversity
- Conservation organizations
- International conventions on biodiversity
- In situ vs. ex situ conservation
- Designing protected areas
- Evaluating the success of a protected area
- Species-based conservation strategies
- Comparing different approaches to conservation
- A mixed approach
- 4.1: Introduction to water systems
- The hydrological cycle
- Global water stores
- Human influences on the hydrological cycle
- Ocean circulation
- 4.2: Access to fresh water
- Access to fresh water
- Changes in demand and supply
- 4.3: Aquatic food production systems
- Aquatic food production systems
- Managing fisheries
- Fish farming (aquaculture)
- 4.4: Water pollution
- Water pollution
- Water quality
- Biochemical oxygen demand
- Trent Biotic Index
- Eutrophication
- Management strategies for eutrophication
- Dead zones and red tides
- 5.1: Introduction to soil systems
- Soil profiles
- Soil systems
- Soil-forming processes
- Soil structures and properties
- 5.2: Terrestrial food production systems
- Sustainability of terrestrial food production systems
- Inequalities in global food supply
- Food waste
- Links between social systems and food production systems
- Availability of land for food production
- Efficiency of terrestrial production systems
- Inputs, outputs, and environmental impacts of terrestrial food production systems
- Increasing sustainability
- 5.3: Soil degradation and conservation
- Soil ecosystems
- Reduced soil fertility
- Commercialized food production systems
- Results of reduced fertility
- Soil conservation methods
- 6.1: Introduction to the atmosphere
- Our atmosphere is a dynamic system
- The Earth’s energy budget
- Human activities and atmospheric composition
- The greenhouse effect
- 6.2: Stratospheric ozone
- UV radiation and ozone
- Ozone-depleting substances
- Effects of ultraviolet radiation on human health
- Reducing ozone-depleting substances (ODSs)
- National and international organizations and the reduction of ODSs
- 6.3: Photochemical smog
- Source and impact of tropospheric ozone
- The effects of tropospheric ozone
- Pollution management strategies
- 6.4: Acid deposition
- The formation of acid deposition
- Direct effects of acid rain
- Distribution of acid deposition
- Pollution management strategies
- 7.1: Energy choices and security
- Range of energy resources
- Advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels
- Fossil fuel consumption and shale gas
- Renewable and alternative energy sources
- Energy security
- The potential for conflict
- The scramble for the Arctic
- Factors which affect the choice of energy generation
- 7.2: Climate change: causes and impacts
- Climate and weather
- Ocean circulatory systems
- Atmospheric circulatory systems
- Greenhouse gases and human activities
- The effects of global warming
- Arguments about global warming
- Complexity of the problem
- 7.3: Climate change – mitigation and adaptation
- Mitigation and adaptation
- The politics of carbon dioxide mitigation and adaptation
- 8.1: Human population dynamics
- Demographic variables
- Human population growth
- 8.2: Resource use in society
- Renewable natural capital
- Sustainable and unsustainable use of renewable natural capital
- Dynamic nature and concept of a resource
- 8.3: Solid domestic waste
- Types of solid domestic waste
- Disposal options for SDW
- Strategies for managing SDW
- The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
- 8.4: Carrying capacity and ecological footprints
- Carrying capacity
- Optimum-, over-, and under-population
- Population growth and food resources
- Changing carrying capacities
- Ecological footprints
- 1: Foundations of environmental systems and societies
- 2: Ecosystems and ecology
- 3: Biodiversity and conservation
- 4: Water, aquatic food production systems, and societies
- 5: Soil systems, terrestrial food production systems, and societies
- 6: Atmospheric systems and societies
- 7: Climate change and energy production
- 8: Human systems and resource use
- Internal Assessment criteria
- Advice for your IA
- RPPF (Reflections on planning and progress form)
- Bibliography (references)
- Detail specific to Environmental systems and societies
- Focus
- Assessment criteria
- Paper 1
- Paper 2
- Tips for exams
- Command terms
- Mathematical requirements
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- Gerð : 208
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