Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics
Höfundar: Robert M. Kliegman, Joseph W. St. Geme III
16.790 kr.
Lýsing:
Welcome to the 21st Edition of Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics – the reference of choice among pediatricians, pediatric residents, and others involved in the care of young patients. This fully revised edition continues to provide the breadth and depth of knowledge you expect from Nelson , while also keeping you up to date with new advances in the science and art of pediatric practice. Authoritative and reader-friendly, it delivers the information you need in a concise, easy-to-use format for everyday reference and study.
From rapidly changing diagnostic and treatment protocols to new technologies to the wide range of biologic, psychologic, and social problems faced by children today, this comprehensive reference keeps you on the cutting edge of the very best in pediatric care. Includes more than 70 new chapters , including Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Approach to Mitochondrial Disorders, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Zika, update on Ebola, Epigenetics, Autoimmune Encephalitis, Global Health, Racism, Media Violence, Strategies for Health Behavior Change, Positive Parenting, and many more.
Features hundreds of new figures and tables throughout for visual clarity and quick reference. Offers new and expanded information on CRISPR gene editing; LGBT health care; gun violence; vaccinations; immune treatment with CAR-T cells; new technology in imaging and genomics; new protocols in cancer, genetics, immunology, and pulmonary medicine; and much more. Provides fresh perspectives from four new associate editors : Nathan J.
Annað
- Höfundar: Robert M. Kliegman, Joseph W. St. Geme III
- Útgáfa:21
- Útgáfudagur: 2019-04-01
- Engar takmarkanir á útprentun
- Engar takmarkanir afritun
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9780323568883
- Print ISBN: 9780323529501
- ISBN 10: 0323568882
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover image
- Title Page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Videos
- Volume 1
- Part I The Field of Pediatrics
- Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatrics
- Vital Statistics About Children's Health Globally
- The Changing Pediatric World
- The New Morbidities
- Chronic Illness and Children With Special Health Care Needs
- Systems of Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 2 Child Health Disparities
- Determinants of Health and Health Disparities
- Disparities in Child Health and Healthcare:
- Approaches to Eradicating Disparities: Interventions
- Keywords
- Racism as Social Determinant
- Explaining Racial Disparities: A Taxonomy of Racism
- Opportunities to Address Racism
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 3 Global Child Health
- Global Burden and Trends in Child Health
- Social Determinants of Child Health
- Evidence-Based Interventions and Innovations to Address Child Health Inequities
- Challenges in Global Health
- Bibliography
- Chapter 4 Quality and Value in Healthcare for Children
- The Need for Improvement in Quality and Value
- What Is Quality?
- Framework for Quality
- Developing Guidelines to Establish the Standard for Quality
- Improving Quality
- Measuring Quality
- Analyzing Quality Data
- Comparing and Reporting Quality
- Implications of the U.S. Healthcare Reform for Quality
- Information Technology and Quality Improvement
- Expanding Individual Quality Improvement Initiatives to Scale
- Bibliography
- Chapter 5 Safety in Healthcare for Children
- Error vs Harm
- Safety Frameworks
- Identifying and Analyzing Harm, Errors, and Latent Threats
- Safety Culture
- Reliability Science and High-Reliability Organizations
- Serious Harm Events and Healthcare-Associated Conditions
- Safety Opportunities and Gaps
- Emerging Areas of Safety Research and Improvement
- Bibliography
- Chapter 6 Ethics in Pediatric Care
- Assent and Parental Permission
- Treatment of Critically Ill Children
- Neonatal Ethics
- Declaring Death and Organ Donation
- Religious or Cultural Objections to Treatment
- Pediatric Ethics Committees and Ethics Consultation
- Newborn Screening
- Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine
- Adolescent Healthcare
- Research
- Balancing Maternal and Fetal Interests
- Justice and Pediatric Ethics
- Emerging Issues
- Bibliography
- Chapter 7 Pediatric Palliative Care
- Care Settings
- Communication, Advance Care Planning, and Anticipatory Guidance
- Bibliography
- Chapter 8 Domestic and International Adoption
- Domestic Adoption
- Intercountry Adoption
- Role of Pediatricians
- Bibliography
- Chapter 9 Foster and Kinship Care
- Epidemiology
- Legislation in the United States
- Early Childhood Trauma Leads to Poor Health Outcomes
- Health Issues
- Healthcare for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 10 Medical Evaluation of the Foreign-Born Child
- Commonly Encountered Infections
- Immunizations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 11 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care
- What Is Culture?
- Culturally Informed Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 12 Maximizing Children's Health
- Periodicity Schedule and Guidelines
- Tasks of Well-Child Care
- Infancy and Early Childhood
- Middle Childhood and Adolescence
- Office Intervention for Behavioral and Mental Health Issues
- Evidence
- Caring for the Child and Youth in the Context of the Family and Community
- Bibliography
- Chapter 13 Injury Control
- Scope of the Problem
- Principles of Injury Control
- Risk Factors for Childhood Injuries
- Mechanisms of Injury
- Psychosocial Consequences of Injuries
- Bibliography
- Chapter 14 Impact of Violence on Children
- Impacts of Violence
- Keywords
- Bullying and Cyberbullying
- School Violence
- Treatment and Prevention of Bullying and School Violence
- Bibliography
- Resources
- Keywords
- Screening
- Recommendations (see Table 14.1)
- Bibliography
- Resources
- Keywords
- Susceptibility of Children in Times of War
- Psychological Impact of War
- Efforts to Protect Children From the Effects of War
- Role of Pediatricians and Allied Health Professionals
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 15 Child Trafficking for Sex and Labor
- Clinical Presentation
- Approach to the Potentially Trafficked Child
- Examination and Diagnostic Testing
- Referrals and Resources
- Bibliography
- Chapter 16 Abused and Neglected Children
- Definitions
- Incidence and Prevalence
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- General Principles for Assessing Possible Abuse and Neglect
- General Principles for Addressing Child Maltreatment
- Outcomes of Child Maltreatment
- Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect
- Advocacy
- Keywords
- Definition
- Presentation of Sexual Abuse
- Role of General Pediatrician in Assessment and Management of Possible Sexual Abuse
- Physical Examination of the Child With Suspected Sexual Abuse
- Additional Management
- Sexual Abuse Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 17 Strategies for Health Behavior Change
- Unified Theory of Behavior Change
- Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
- Common Factors Approach
- Motivational Interviewing
- Shared Decision-Making
- Bibliography
- Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatrics
- Part I The Field of Pediatrics
- Part II Growth, Development, and Behavior
- Chapter 18 Developmental and Behavioral Theories
- Biopsychosocial Model and Ecobiodevelopmental Framework: Models of Development
- Bibliography
- Chapter 19 Positive Parenting and Support
- The Importance of Parenting
- The Role of the Family
- Parenting Styles
- Child Temperament
- Child Behavioral Problems
- Defining Positive Parenting
- Parenting as an Intervention
- The Role of the Pediatrician
- Bibliography
- Chapter 20 Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development
- Somatic Development
- Neurologic Development
- Behavioral Development
- Psychologic Changes in Parents
- Threats to Fetal Development
- Bibliography
- Chapter 21 The Newborn
- Parental Role in Mother–Infant Attachment
- The Infant's Role in Mother–Infant Attachment
- Implications for the Pediatrician
- Bibliography
- Chapter 22 The First Year
- Age 0-2 Months
- Age 2-6 Months
- Age 6-12 Months
- Bibliography
- Chapter 23 The Second Year
- Age 12-18 Months
- Age 18-24 Months
- Bibliography
- Chapter 24 The Preschool Years
- Structural Development of the Brain
- Physical Development
- Language, Cognition, and Play
- Bibliography
- Chapter 25 Middle Childhood
- Physical Development
- Cognitive Development
- Social, Emotional, and Moral Development
- Bibliography
- Chapter 26 Adolescence
- Chapter 27 Assessment of Growth
- Techniques to Measure Growth
- Growth Curves
- Other Growth Considerations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 28 Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance and Screening
- Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance
- Developmental and Behavioral Screening
- Beyond Surveillance and Screening
- Bibliography
- Chapter 29 Childcare
- Provision, Regulation, and Use of Childcare in America
- Childcare's Role in Child Health and Development
- Role of Pediatric Providers in Childcare
- Bibliography
- Chapter 30 Loss, Separation, and Bereavement
- Separation and Loss
- Divorce
- Move/Family Relocation
- Separation Because of Hospitalization
- Military Families
- Parental/Sibling Death
- Grief and Bereavement
- Developmental Perspective
- Role of the Pediatrician in Grief
- Treatment
- Spiritual Issues
- Bibliography
- Chapter 31 Sleep Medicine
- Basics of Sleep and Chronobiology
- Developmental Changes in Sleep
- Common Sleep Disorders
- Health Supervision
- Evaluation of Pediatric Sleep Problems
- Bibliography
- Chapter 18 Developmental and Behavioral Theories
- Chapter 32 Psychosocial Assessment and Interviewing
- Aims of Assessment
- Presenting Problems
- General Principles of the Psychosocial Interview
- Indications for Referral
- Psychiatric Diagnostic Evaluation
- Special Considerations in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Infants and Young Children
- Bibliography
- Chapter 33 Psychopharmacology
- Stimulants and Other ADHD Medications
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
- Mood Stabilizers
- Medication Use in Physical Illness
- Bibliography
- Chapter 34 Psychotherapy and Psychiatric Hospitalization
- Psychotherapy
- Psychiatric Hospitalization
- Bibliography
- Chapter 35 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- Assessment
- Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 36 Rumination and Pica
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 37 Motor Disorders and Habits
- Description
- Clinical Course
- Epidemiology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Comorbidities
- Etiology
- Sequelae
- Screening
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Description
- Clinical Course
- Epidemiology
- Comorbidity
- Differential Diagnosis
- Etiology
- Treatment
- Habits
- Bibliography
- Chapter 38 Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety Associated With Medical Conditions
- Safety and Efficacy Concerns About SSRIs
- Bibliography
- Chapter 39 Mood Disorders
- Description
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Course
- Differential Diagnosis
- Comorbidity
- Sequelae
- Etiology and Risk Factors
- Prevention
- Screening/Case Finding
- Early Intervention
- Treatment
- Level of Care
- Bibliography
- Description
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Course
- Differential Diagnosis
- Comorbidity
- Sequelae
- Etiology and Risk Factors
- Prevention
- Case Finding
- Treatment
- Level of Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 40 Suicide and Attempted Suicide
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- Assessment and Intervention
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 41 Eating Disorders
- Definitions
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 42 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
- Description
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Course
- Differential Diagnosis
- Comorbidity
- Sequelae
- Etiology and Risk Factors
- Prevention
- Screening/Case Finding
- Early Intervention
- Treatment
- Level of Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 43 Tantrums and Breath-Holding Spells
- Bibliography
- Chapter 44 Lying, Stealing, and Truancy
- Lying
- Stealing
- Truancy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 45 Aggression
- Bibliography
- Chapter 46 Self-Injurious Behavior
- Bibliography
- Chapter 47 Childhood Psychoses
- Description
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Course
- Differential Diagnosis
- Comorbidity
- Sequelae
- Etiology and Risk Factors
- Neuroanatomic Abnormalities
- Prevention
- Screening/Case Finding
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 48 Neurodevelopmental and Executive Function and Dysfunction
- Terminology and Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Core Neurodevelopmental Functions
- Clinical Manifestations
- Assessment and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 49 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 50 Dyslexia
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 51 Math and Writing Disabilities
- Keywords
- Math Learning Disability Defined
- Epidemiology
- Causes of Math Learning Disability
- Treatment and Interventions
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Skill Deficits Associated With Impaired Writing
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 52 Language Development and Communication Disorders
- Normal Language Development
- Language and Communication Disorders
- Motor Speech Disorders
- Hearing Impairment
- Hydrocephalus
- Rare Causes of Language Impairment
- Noncauses of Language Delay
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Comorbid Disorders
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Etiology
- Comorbidities
- Developmental Progression
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 53 Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability
- Definition
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Psychologic Testing
- Complications
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Supportive Care and Management
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 54 Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Definition
- Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Comorbid Conditions
- Screening
- Assessment
- Treatment and Management
- Outcome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 55 Nutritional Requirements
- Dietary Reference Intakes
- Energy
- Fat
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Fiber
- Micronutrients
- Water
- Measuring Nutritional Adequacy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 56 Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, and Adolescents
- Feeding During the First Year of Life
- Cow's Milk Protein–Based Formulas
- Soy Formulas
- Protein Hydrolysate Formulas
- Amino Acid Formulas
- Milk and Other Fluids in Infants and Toddlers
- Complementary Feeding
- Feeding Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children
- Feeding School-Age Children and Adolescents
- Nutrition Issues of Importance Across Pediatric Ages
- Bibliography
- Chapter 57 Nutrition, Food Security, and Health
- Malnutrition as the Intersection of Food Insecurity and Health Insecurity
- Food Security
- Undernutrition
- Severe Acute Malnutrition
- Bibliography
- Chapter 58 Refeeding Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 59 Malnutrition
- Clinical Manifestations
- Etiology and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 60 Overweight and Obesity
- Epidemiology
- Body Mass Index
- Etiology
- Comorbidities
- Identification
- Evaluation
- Intervention
- Prevention
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Etiology: Studies and Hypotheses
- Differential Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 61 Vitamin A Deficiencies and Excess
- Overview of Vitamin A
- Metabolism of Vitamin A
- Functions of Vitamin A and Mechanisms of Action
- Vitamin A Deficiency
- Hypervitaminosis A
- Bibliography
- Chapter 62 Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies and Excess
- Keywords
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Thiamine Toxicity
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Riboflavin Deficiency
- Riboflavin Toxicity
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Niacin Deficiency
- Niacin Toxicity
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Vitamin B6 Deficiency
- Vitamin B6 Toxicity
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Folate Deficiency
- Folate Toxicity
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Chapter 63 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency and Excess
- Dietary Needs and Sources of Vitamin C
- Vitamin C Deficiency
- Vitamin C Toxicity
- Bibliography
- Chapter 64 Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) and Excess
- Rickets
- Vitamin D Disorders
- Calcium Deficiency
- Phosphorus Deficiency
- Rickets of Prematurity
- Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Bibliography
- Chapter 65 Vitamin E Deficiency
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 66 Vitamin K Deficiency
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 67 Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 68 Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders
- Keywords
- Total Body Water
- Fluid Compartments
- Electrolyte Composition
- Osmolality
- Point-of-Care Testing
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Regulation of Osmolality
- Regulation of Volume
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Sodium Metabolism
- Hypernatremia
- Hyponatremia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Potassium Metabolism
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypokalemia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Magnesium Metabolism
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Phosphorus Metabolism
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Acid-Base Physiology
- Normal Acid-Base Balance
- Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base Disorders
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 69 Maintenance and Replacement Therapy
- Maintenance Therapy
- Maintenance Water
- Intravenous Solutions
- Glucose
- Selection of Maintenance Fluids
- Variations in Maintenance Water and Electrolytes
- Replacement Fluids
- Bibliography
- Chapter 70 Deficit Therapy
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Calculation of the Fluid Deficit
- Approach to Severe Dehydration
- Monitoring and Adjusting Therapy
- Hyponatremic Dehydration
- Hypernatremic Dehydration
- Bibliography
- Chapter 71 Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
- Acute Diarrhea
- Pyloric Stenosis
- Perioperative Fluids
- Chapter 72 Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoproteomics
- Definition of Terms
- Developmental or Pediatric Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
- Drug Biotransformation: Applications to Pediatric Therapy
- Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters
- Polymorphisms in Drug Receptors
- Current and Future Applications in Pediatrics
- Bibliography
- Chapter 73 Principles of Drug Therapy
- General Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles
- Impact of Ontogeny on Drug Disposition
- Impact of Ontogeny on Pharmacodynamics
- Additional Considerations in Pediatric Therapeutics
- Drug Formulation and Administration
- Adherence and Compliance
- Drug-Drug Interactions
- Adverse Drug Reactions
- Personalized Medicine
- Bibliography
- Chapter 74 Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
- Preanesthetic Evaluation
- Preoperative Preparation
- General Anesthesia
- Induction of General Anesthesia
- Maintenance of Anesthesia
- Postanesthesia Care Unit
- Postoperative Pain Management
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 75 Procedural Sedation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 76 Pediatric Pain Management
- Definition and Categories of Pain
- Assessment and Measurement of Pain in Children
- Conceptual Framework for Treatment of Pediatric Pain
- Unconventional Medications in Pediatric Pain
- Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Pain
- Invasive Interventions for Treating Pain
- Intrathecal Analgesia
- Nerve Ablation and Destruction
- Considerations for Special Pediatric Populations
- Chronic and Recurrent Pain Syndromes
- Managing Complex Chronic Pain Problems
- Bibliography
- Chapter 77 Poisoning
- Prevention
- Approach to the Poisoned Patient
- Principles of Management
- Select Compounds in Pediatric Poisoning
- Bibliography
- Chapter 78 Complementary Therapies and Integrative Medicine
- Dietary Supplements
- Dietary Supplement Safety
- Dietary Supplement Efficacy
- Massage and Chiropractic
- Mind-Body Therapies
- Acupuncture
- Cannabis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 79 Emergency Medical Services for Children
- Primary Care Physician and Office Preparedness
- Pediatric Prehospital Care
- The Emergency Department
- Keywords
- Communications and Dispatch Center
- Medical Control Physician
- Transport Team
- Ground vs Air Ambulance
- Transport Physiology
- Safety
- Family-Centered Care
- Referring Hospital Responsibilities
- Educational Outreach
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Outcome Measures in Emergency Medical Services for Children
- Risk Adjustment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Continuum-of-Care Model
- Humanitarian Disasters
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 80 Triage of the Acutely Ill Child
- Assessment of Vital Signs
- History
- Physical Examination
- Management
- Disposition
- Bibliography
- Chapter 81 Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation
- Approach to the Emergency Evaluation of a Child
- Recognition and Treatment of Respiratory Distress and Failure
- Recognition and Management of Shock
- Recognition of Bradyarrhythmias and Tachyarrhythmias
- Recognition and Management of Cardiac Arrest
- Vascular Access
- Nonvascular Emergency Procedures
- Postresuscitation Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 82 Acute Care of Multiple Trauma
- Epidemiology
- Regionalization and Trauma Teams
- Primary Survey
- Secondary Survey
- Psychological and Social Support
- Bibliography
- Chapter 83 Spinal Cord Injuries in Children
- Clinical Manifestations
- Clearing the Cervical Spine in Children
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 84 Care of Abrasions and Minor Lacerations
- Lacerations and Cuts
- Abrasions
- Bibliography
- Chapter 85 Neurologic Emergencies and Stabilization
- Neurocritical Care Principles
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Bibliography
- Chapter 86 Brain Death
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Observation Periods
- Ancillary Studies
- Documentation
- Supportive Care
- Objections to the Idea of Brain Death
- Bibliography
- Chapter 87 Syncope
- Mechanisms
- Evaluation
- Treatment
- Keywords
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 88 Shock
- Epidemiology
- Types of Shock
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 89 Respiratory Distress and Failure
- Respiratory Distress
- Respiratory Failure
- Monitoring a Child in Respiratory Distress and Respiratory Failure
- Management
- Keywords
- Basic Concepts of Ventilator Management
- Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
- Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
- Additional Ventilatory Modalities
- Conventional Ventilator Settings
- Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony
- Monitoring Respiratory Mechanics
- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 90 Altitude-Associated Illness in Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)
- Etiology
- General Effects of Hypobaric Hypoxia
- Acute Mountain Sickness
- High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
- High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
- Special Considerations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 91 Drowning and Submersion Injury
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Management
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 92 Burn Injuries
- Epidemiology
- Prevention
- Acute Care, Resuscitation, and Assessment
- Treatment
- Electrical Burns
- Bibliography
- Chapter 93 Cold Injuries
- Pathophysiology
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Cold-Induced Fat Necrosis (Panniculitis)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 94 Integration of Genetics Into Pediatric Practice
- Diagnostic Testing
- Predictive Testing
- Predispositional Testing
- Pharmacogenetic Testing
- Talking to Families
- Genetic Counseling
- Physiologic Therapies
- Replacement Therapies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 95 The Genetic Approach in Pediatric Medicine
- The Burden of Genetic Disorders in Childhood
- The Changing Paradigm of Genetics in Medicine
- Ethics Issues
- Bibliography
- Chapter 96 The Human Genome
- Fundamentals of Molecular Genetics
- Genetic Variation
- Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Genetic Disease
- Human Genome Project
- Bibliography
- Chapter 97 Patterns of Genetic Transmission
- Family History and Pedigree Notation
- Mendelian Inheritance
- Y-Linked Inheritance
- Inheritance Associated With Pseudoautosomal Regions
- Digenic Inheritance
- Pseudogenetic Inheritance and Familial Clustering
- Nontraditional Inheritance
- Multifactorial and Polygenic Inheritance
- Bibliography
- Chapter 98 Cytogenetics
- Bibliography
- Aneuploidy and Polyploidy
- Down Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Translocations
- Inversions
- Deletions and Duplications
- Insertions
- Isochromosomes
- Marker and Ring Chromosomes
- Bibliography
- Turner Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- 47,XYY
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Pallister-Killian Syndrome
- Hypomelanosis of Ito
- Uniparental Disomy
- Imprinting
- Bibliography
- Chapter 99 Genetics of Common Disorders
- Linkage Mapping
- Genetic Association
- Bibliography
- Chapter 100 Epigenome-Wide Association Studies and Disease
- Epigenetic Mechanisms of Disease: Viable Yellow Mouse Model
- Epigenetics and Regulation of Gene Expression
- Pediatric Diseases Involving Epigenetic Processes
- Epigenome-Wide Association Studies: DNA Methylation
- Cell Fate Variability as Model for Epigenetics and Disease
- Epigenetic Disease and Therapeutic Interventions
- Bibliography
- Chapter 101 Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases
- Scope of Genetic Disease
- Clinical Evaluation
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays
- Exome Sequencing
- Gene Function Studies
- Pediatric Issues
- The Diagnostic Spectrum
- Bibliography
- Chapter 102 An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Newborn Screening
- Clinical Manifestations of Genetic Metabolic Diseases
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 103 Defects in Metabolism of Amino Acids
- Keywords
- Severe Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Classic Phenylketonuria)
- Hyperphenylalaninemia Caused by Deficiency of the Cofactor Tetrahydrobiopterin
- Tetrahydrobiopterin Defects Without Hyperphenylalaninemia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Tyrosinemia Type I (Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Deficiency, Hepatorenal Tyrosinemia)
- Tyrosinemia Type II (Tyrosine Aminotransferase Deficiency, Richner-Hanhart Syndrome, Oculocutaneous Tyrosinemia)
- Tyrosinemia Type III (Primary Deficiency of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase)
- Hawkinsinuria
- Transient Tyrosinemia of the Newborn
- Alkaptonuria
- Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Albinism
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Homocystinuria (Homocystinemia)
- Hypermethioninemia
- Primary Cystathioninemia (Cystathioninuria)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency and Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Hartnup Disorder
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Branched-Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency
- Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transporter Deficiency
- Isovaleric Acidemia
- Multiple Carboxylase Deficiencies (Defects of Biotin Cycle)
- 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency
- 3-Methylglutaconic Acidurias
- β-Ketothiolase (3-Oxothiolase) Deficiency (Mitochondrial Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase [T2] Deficiency)
- Cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase Deficiency
- Mitochondrial 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency
- 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric Aciduria)
- Succinyl-CoA:3-Oxoacid-CoA Transferase Deficiency
- Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency
- Propionic Acidemia (Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency)
- Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemias
- Combined Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria (cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, and cblX Defects)
- Isolated Homocystinuria
- Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria (ACSF3-Related Disorder)
- Bibliography
- Hypoglycinemia
- Hyperglycinemia
- Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (Glycine Encephalopathy)
- Sarcosinemia
- Primary Trimethylaminuria
- Hyperoxaluria and Oxalosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Deficiency
- 3-Phosphoserine Phosphatase Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Hyperprolinemia Type I
- Hyperprolinemia Type II
- Prolidase Deficiency
- Disorders of De Novo Proline Synthesis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency
- γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Deficiency (Glutathionemia)
- Genetic Disorders of Metabolism of γ-Aminobutyric Acid
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Infantile Parkinsonism, Autosomal Recessive Dopa-Responsive Dystonia, Autosomal Recessive Segawa Syndrome)
- Aromatic l-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency
- Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency
- Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Monoamine Oxidase a Deficiency
- Disorders of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolism
- Defects in Neurotransmitter Transporter Proteins
- Histidine Decarboxylase Deficiency
- Hyperprolinemia
- 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Deficiency
- Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Genetic Causes of Hyperammonemia
- Clinical Manifestations of Hyperammonemia
- Diagnosis
- Treatment of Acute Hyperammonemia
- Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 and N-Acetylglutamate Synthase Deficiencies
- Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
- Citrullinemia
- Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency (Argininosuccinic Aciduria)
- Arginase 1 Deficiency (Hyperargininemia)
- Transient Hyperammonemia of the Newborn
- Disorders of Ornithine Metabolism
- Congenital Glutamine Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)–Dependent Epilepsy
- Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 (Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
- Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (Familial Protein Intolerance)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Atypical Canavan Disease
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 104 Defects in Metabolism of Lipids
- Keywords
- Defects in the β-Oxidation Cycle
- Defects in the Carnitine Cycle
- Defects in the Electron Transfer Pathway
- Defects in the Ketone Synthesis Pathway
- Defects in Ketone Body Utilization
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Peroxisomal Disorders
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology of Blood Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease
- Blood Lipids and Atherogenesis
- Plasma Lipoprotein Metabolism and Transport
- Hyperlipoproteinemias
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- GM1 Gangliosidosis
- The GM2 Gangliosidoses
- Gaucher Disease
- Niemann-Pick Disease
- Fabry Disease
- Fucosidosis
- Schindler Disease
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- Multiple-Sulfatase Deficiency
- Krabbe Disease
- Farber Disease
- Wolman Disease and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- I-Cell Disease
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 105 Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates
- Keywords
- Liver Glycogenoses
- Muscle Glycogenoses
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase Deficiency Galactosemia
- Galactokinase Deficiency
- Uridine Diphosphate Galactose-4-Epimerase Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Deficiency of Fructokinase (Essential or Benign Fructosuria)
- Deficiency of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase (Aldolase B, Hereditary Fructose Intolerance)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Disorders of Gluconeogenesis
- Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Essential Pentosuria
- Transaldolase Deficiency
- Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Sialidosis and Galactosialidosis
- Aspartylglucosaminuria
- α-Mannosidosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Congenital Disorders of Protein N-Glycosylation
- Congenital Disorders of Protein O-Glycosylation
- Defects in Lipid Glycosylation and in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthesis
- Defects in Multiple Glycosylation Pathways and in Other Pathways, Including Dolicholphosphate Biosynthesis Defects
- Congenital Disorders of Deglycosylation
- Therapeutic Summary
- Bibliography
- Chapter 106 Mitochondrial Disease Diagnosis
- Overview of Mitochondrial Disease
- When to Suspect Mitochondrial Disease
- Mitochondrial Disease Inheritance
- Diagnostic Testing for Mitochondrial Disease
- Treatment Principles for Mitochondrial Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 107 Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Disease Entities
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 108 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
- Gout
- Abnormalities in Purine Salvage
- Disorders Linked to Purine Nucleotide Synthesis
- Disorders Resulting From Abnormalities in Purine Catabolism
- Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism
- Bibliography
- Chapter 109 Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Progeria)
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Molecular Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Patient Resources
- Bibliography
- Chapter 110 The Porphyrias
- The Heme Biosynthetic Pathway
- Classification and Diagnosis of Porphyrias
- δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Deficient Porphyria
- Acute Intermittent Porphyria
- Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
- Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria
- Hereditary Coproporphyria
- Variegate Porphyria
- Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria
- Dual Porphyria
- Porphyria Resulting From Tumors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 111 Hypoglycemia
- Definition
- Significance and Sequelae
- Substrate, Enzyme, and Hormonal Integration of Glucose Homeostasis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Classification of Hypoglycemia in Infants and Children
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 112 Overview of Morbidity and Mortality
- Infant Mortality
- Major Causes of Infant Death
- Infant Mortality Reduction
- Bibliography
- Chapter 113 The Newborn Infant
- General Appearance
- Skin
- Skull
- Face
- Neck
- Chest
- Lungs
- Heart
- Abdomen
- Genitals
- Anus
- Extremities
- Neurologic Examination
- Bibliography
- Maintenance of Body Heat
- Antiseptic Skin and Cord Care
- Newborn Prophylaxis and Screening
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Rooming-in and Breastfeeding
- Bibliography
- Chapter 114 High-Risk Pregnancies
- Genetic Factors
- Maternal Factors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 115 The Fetus
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Infectious Diseases
- Noninfectious Diseases (see Table 114.2)
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 116 Fetal Intervention and Surgery
- Fetal Therapy Ethics
- Obstructive Uropathy
- Nonobstructive Renal Disease
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
- Myelomeningocele
- Other Indications
- Fetal Centers
- Bibliography
- Chapter 117 The High-Risk Infant
- Keywords
- Monozygotic vs Dizygotic Twins
- Incidence
- Etiology
- Atypical Twinning
- Complications
- Twin Syndromes (TRAP, TTTS)
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Incidence
- Etiology
- Assessment of Gestational Age
- Nursery Care
- Immaturity of Drug Metabolism
- Morbidity and Mortality
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Moderate Preterm Infant
- Late Preterm Infant
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Small for Gestational Age and IUGR
- Large-for-Gestational-Age Infants
- Postterm Infants
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Discharge From the Hospital
- Postdischarge Follow-Up
- Bibliography
- Chapter 118 Transport of the Critically Ill Newborn
- Regionalized Care of Newborns
- Levels of Neonatal Care
- Transport of the Critically Ill Neonate
- Bibliography
- Chapter 119 Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Period
- Abnormal Movements
- Altered Mental Status
- Apnea
- Congenital Anomalies
- Cyanosis
- Gastrointestinal Disturbances
- Hypotension
- Jaundice
- Pain
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 120 Nervous System Disorders
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Brachial Palsy
- Phrenic Nerve Paralysis
- Facial Nerve Palsy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 121 Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Emergencies
- Neonatal Resuscitation
- Resuscitation of the Preterm Infant
- Special Circumstances in the Delivery Room
- Injury During Delivery
- Ongoing Care After Resuscitation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 122 Respiratory Tract Disorders
- Keywords
- The First Breath
- Breathing Patterns in Newborns
- Keywords
- Apnea of Prematurity
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Apnea of Prematurity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Incidence
- Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Incidence
- Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Incidence and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (Bochdalek)
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 123 Digestive System Disorders
- Keywords
- Meconium Plugs
- Meconium Ileus
- Meconium Peritonitis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Physiologic Jaundice (Icterus Neonatorum)
- Pathologic Hyperbilirubinemia
- Jaundice Associated With Breastfeeding
- Neonatal Cholestasis
- Congenital Atresia of the Bile Ducts
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Incidence and Prognosis
- Prevention
- Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 124 Blood Disorders
- Keywords
- Normal Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Concentrations in Newborn Infants
- Classification of Anemia and Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment Options for Neonatal Anemia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Hemolytic Disease Caused by Rh Incompatibility
- Hemolytic Disease Caused by Blood Group A and B Incompatibility
- Other Forms of Hemolytic Disease
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
- Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 125 The Umbilicus
- Umbilical Cord
- Hemorrhage
- Granuloma
- Infections
- Umbilical Hernia
- Congenital Omphalocele
- Tumors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 126 Abstinence Syndromes
- Keywords
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Diagnostic Criteria
- Clinical Features
- Interventions and Treatment
- Outcomes
- The Pediatrician's Role
- Bibliography
- Chapter 127 The Endocrine System
- Keywords
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 128 Dysmorphology
- Classification of Birth Defects
- Molecular Mechanisms of Malformations
- Approach to the Dysmorphic Child
- Bibliography
- Chapter 129 Epidemiology of Infections
- Incidence and Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- General Approach to Management
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 130 Healthcare-Acquired Infections
- Incidence
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Types of Infection
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 131 Congenital and Perinatal Infections
- General Approach
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Specific Infectious Agents
- General Approach
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Specific Infectious Agents
- Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 132 Adolescent Physical and Social Development
- Physical Development
- Neurologic, Cognitive, and Moral Development
- Psychosocial Development
- Implications for Providers, Parents, and Policymakers
- Bibliography
- Chapter 133 Gender and Sexual Identity
- Terms and Definitions
- Factors That Influence Sexual Identity Development
- Nonconformity in Gender Expression Among Children and Adolescents
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Identities Among Children and Adolescents
- Bibliography
- Chapter 134 Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents
- Prevalence of Homosexuality and Bisexuality in Youth
- Development of Sexual Orientation in Childhood and Adolescence
- Stigma, Risk, and Resilience
- Health
- Recommendations for Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 135 Transgender Care
- Cultural and Clinical Competence
- Gender Literacy
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Families
- Bibliography
- Chapter 136 The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems
- Access to Healthcare
- Bibliography
- Chapter 137 Delivery of Healthcare to Adolescents
- Bibliography
- Interviewing the Adolescent
- Psychosocial Assessment
- Physical Examination
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 138 Transitioning to Adult Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 139 Violent Behavior
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 140 Substance Abuse
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Screening for Substance Abuse Disorders
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Cigarettes
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
- Hookah
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Synthetic Marijuana
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- Phencyclidine
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Withdrawal
- Overdose Syndrome
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 141 The Breast
- Female Disorders
- Male Disorders
- Bibliography
- Chapter 142 Menstrual Problems
- Normal Menstruation
- Menstrual Irregularities
- Keywords
- History and Physical Examination
- Laboratory Studies
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Irregular Menstrual Bleeding
- Heavy and Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 143 Contraception
- Contraceptive Effectiveness
- Keywords
- Sexual Activity
- Use of Contraception Among Teens
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Intrauterine Devices
- Implants
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Depo-Provera
- Progestin-Only Pills
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Combined Oral Contraceptives
- Transdermal Patch
- Vaginal Ring
- Contraindications
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Copper IUD
- Ulipristal Acetate
- Levonorgestrel
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Condoms
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, and Sponge
- Keywords
- Spermicides
- Withdrawal
- Fertility Awareness–Based Methods
- Lactational Amenorrhea Method
- Bibliography
- Chapter 144 Adolescent Pregnancy
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Pregnancy Counseling and Initial Management
- Adolescent Fathers
- Medical Complications of Mothers and Babies
- Psychosocial Outcomes/Risks for Mother and Child
- Prevention of Teen Pregnancies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 145 Adolescent Sexual Assault
- Epidemiology
- Types of Rape
- Clinical Manifestations
- Interview and Physical Examination
- Laboratory Data
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 146 Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Screening
- Common Infections and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 147 Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
- Prevalence
- Symptom/Disorder Overlap
- Psychiatric Comorbidities
- Predisposing Factors
- Natural History
- Proposed Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Section 1 Evaluation of the Immune System
- Chapter 148 Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
- Advanced Testing
- Bibliography
- Chapter 148 Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
- Chapter 149 Lymphocyte Development and Function
- Lymphopoiesis in the Fetus
- Postnatal Lymphocyte Behavior
- Inheritance of Abnormalities in T-, B-, and NK-Cell Development
- Bibliography
- Chapter 150 Primary Defects of Antibody Production
- X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency
- Selective IgA Deficiency
- IgG Subclass Deficiencies
- Immunoglobulin Heavy- and Light-Chain Deletions
- Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
- Class Switch Defects
- X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 151 Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity
- Chromosome 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
- T-Cell Activation Defects
- Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
- Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis–Ectodermal Dysplasia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 152 Immunodeficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Genetics
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
- Ataxia-Telangiectasia
- Autosomal Dominant Hyper-IgE Syndrome
- DOCK8 Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Interferon-γ Receptors 1 and 2, IL-12 Receptor β1, and IL-12P40 Defects
- IL-1R–Associated Kinase 4 Deficiency and Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Natural Killer Cell Deficiency
- Defects in Innate Responses to Viral Infection
- Defects in Innate Responses to Fungi
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
- Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-Linked Syndrome
- Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) Deficiency
- Lipopolysaccharide (Lps)-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Protein (LRBA) Deficiency
- Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) δ Syndromes
- Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Pathway Defects
- Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Defects
- Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A (TTC7A) Deficiency
- Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 153 Neutrophils
- The Phagocytic Inflammatory Response
- Hematopoiesis
- Neutrophil Maturation and Kinetics
- Neutrophil Function
- Bibliography
- Chapter 154 Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
- Development
- Activation
- Functional Activities
- Dendritic Cells
- Abnormalities of Monocyte-Macrophage or Dendritic Cell Function
- Bibliography
- Chapter 155 Eosinophils
- Diseases Associated With Eosinophilia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 156 Disorders of Phagocyte Function
- Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
- Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 157 Leukopenia
- Neutropenia
- Lymphopenia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 158 Leukocytosis
- Neutrophilia
- Additional Forms of Leukocytosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 159 Complement Components and Pathways
- Classical and Lectin Pathways
- Alternative Pathway
- Membrane Attack Complex
- Control Mechanisms
- Participation in Host Defense
- Bibliography
- Chapter 160 Disorders of the Complement System
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 161 Principles and Clinical Indications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- HSCT From an HLA-Identical Sibling Donor
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Other Than Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hodgkin Disease
- Acquired Aplastic Anemia
- Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- Thalassemia
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases
- Bibliography
- Chapter 162 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Alternative Sources and Donors
- Unrelated Donor Transplants
- Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants
- Haploidentical Transplants
- Donor Versus Recipient NK-Cell Alloreactivity
- Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 163 Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, and Venoocclusive Disease
- Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Graft Failure
- Venoocclusive Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 164 Infectious Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 165 Late Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Endocrine Effects
- Cardiovascular Effects
- Secondary Malignancy
- Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Other Effects
- Special Considerations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 166 Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease
- Key Elements of Allergic Diseases
- Mechanisms of Allergic Tissue Inflammation
- Genetic Basis of Atopy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 167 Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
- Allergy History
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic Testing
- Bibliography
- Chapter 168 Allergic Rhinitis
- Etiology and Classification
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 169 Childhood Asthma
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 170 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
- Etiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Avoiding Triggers
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 171 Insect Allergy
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 172 Ocular Allergies
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 173 Urticaria (Hives) and Angioedema
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Physical Urticaria
- Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria and Angioedema
- Treatment
- Hereditary Angioedema
- Bibliography
- Chapter 174 Anaphylaxis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 175 Serum Sickness
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 176 Food Allergy and Adverse Reactions to Foods
- Genetics
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 177 Adverse Reactions to Drugs
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 178 Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic Disease
- Symptoms Suggestive of Rheumatic Disease
- Signs Suggestive of Rheumatic Disease
- Laboratory Testing
- Imaging Studies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 179 Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
- Pediatric Rheumatology Teams and Primary Care Physicians
- Therapeutics
- Bibliography
- Chapter 180 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 181 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthritides
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 182 Reactive and Postinfectious Arthritis
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 183 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 184 Juvenile Dermatomyositis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 185 Scleroderma and Raynaud Phenomenon
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 186 Behçet Disease
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 187 Sjögren Syndrome
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 188 Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes and Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Classification of Autoinflammatory Disorders
- Autoinflammatory Diseases With Periodic or Prominent Fevers
- Other Mendelian Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Genetically Complex Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Bibliography
- Chapter 189 Amyloidosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 190 Sarcoidosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 191 Kawasaki Disease
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory and Radiology Findings
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 192 Vasculitis Syndromes
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 193 Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 194 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis
- Relapsing Polychondritis
- Mucha-Habermann Disease/Pityriasis Lichenoides Et Varioliformis Acuta
- Sweet Syndrome
- Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
- Plant Thorn Synovitis
- Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
- Bibliography
- Section 1 General Considerations
- Chapter 195 Diagnostic Microbiology
- Specimen Collection
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial and Fungal Infections
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
- Point-of-Care Diagnostics
- Laboratory Detection of Parasitic Infections
- Serologic Diagnosis
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections
- Bibliography
- Chapter 196 The Microbiome and Pediatric Health
- Measuring the Microbiome
- Early Childhood Development of the Microbiome
- The Microbiome and Physiologic Development
- Contributions of Microbiome to Disease
- Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 195 Diagnostic Microbiology
- Chapter 197 Immunization Practices
- Passive Immunity
- Active Immunization
- Vaccination System in the United States
- Recommended Immunization Schedule
- Vaccines Recommended in Special Situations
- Precautions and Contraindications
- Medical Exemptions
- Improving Immunization Coverage
- Vaccine Hesitancy
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 198 Infection Prevention and Control
- Hand Hygiene
- Standard Precautions
- Isolation
- Additional Measures
- Surgical Prophylaxis
- Employee Health
- Bibliography
- Chapter 199 Childcare and Communicable Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Respiratory Tract Infections
- Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
- Skin Diseases
- Invasive Organisms
- Herpesviruses
- Bloodborne Pathogens
- Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance
- Prevention
- Standards
- Bibliography
- Chapter 200 Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally
- The Pediatric Travel Medicine Consultation
- Safety and Preventive Counseling Topics
- Routine Childhood Vaccinations Required for Pediatric Travel
- Specialized Pediatric Travel Vaccinations
- Traveler's Diarrhea
- Insect-Borne Infections
- Malaria Chemoprophylaxis
- The Returning Traveler
- The Adolescent Traveler
- Bibliography
- Chapter 201 Fever
- Pathogenesis
- Etiology
- Clinical Features
- Evaluation
- Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 202 Fever Without a Focus in the Neonate and Young Infant
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 203 Fever in the Older Child
- Diagnosis
- General Approach
- Evaluation
- Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 204 Fever of Unknown Origin
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 205 Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
- Abnormalities of the Phagocytic System
- Defective Splenic Function, Opsonization, or Complement Activity
- B Cell Defects (Humoral Immunodeficiencies)
- T Cell Defects (Cell-Mediated Immunodeficiencies)
- Combined B Cell and T Cell Defects
- Bibliography
- Acquired Immunodeficiency From Infectious Agents
- Malignancies
- Fever and Neutropenia
- Fever Without Neutropenia
- Transplantation
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 206 Infection Associated With Medical Devices
- Intravascular Access Devices
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts
- Urinary Catheters
- Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters
- Orthopedic Prostheses
- Bibliography
- Chapter 207 Principles of Antibacterial Therapy
- Age- and Risk-Specific Use of Antibiotics in Children
- Antibiotics Commonly Used in Pediatric Practice
- Bibliography
- Chapter 208 Staphylococcus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 209 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 210 Group A Streptococcus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 211 Group B Streptococcus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 212 Non–Group A or B Streptococci
- Bibliography
- Chapter 213 Enterococcus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 214 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 215 Listeria monocytogenes
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 216 Actinomyces
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 217 Nocardia
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical and Radiographic Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 218 Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 219 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 220 Kingella kingae
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Disease
- Spondylodiscitis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 221 Haemophilus influenzae
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 222 Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Chapter 223 Moraxella catarrhalis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis of Infection
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 224 Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 225 Salmonella
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 226 Shigella
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Immunity
- Clinical Manifestations and Complications
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 227 Escherichia coli
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
- Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
- Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
- Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli
- Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
- Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli
- Enteroaggregative Hemorrhagic Escherichia coli
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention of Illness
- Bibliography
- Chapter 228 Cholera
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 229 Campylobacter
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 230 Yersinia
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 231 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 232 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Burkholderia mallei (Glanders)
- Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 233 Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 234 Brucella
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 235 Legionella
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 236 Bartonella
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bacillary Angiomatosis
- Bacillary Peliosis
- Bacteremia and Endocarditis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 237 Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 238 Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 239 Clostridium difficile Infection
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 240 Other Anaerobic Infections
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Common Anaerobic Pathogens
- Bibliography
- Chapter 241 Principles of Antimycobacterial Therapy
- Agents Used Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Agents Used Against Mycobacterium Leprae
- Agents Used Against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
- Bibliography
- Chapter 242 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Tools
- Mycobacterial Sampling, Susceptibility and Culture
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 243 Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium leprae)
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Disease Classification
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Long-Term Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 244 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 245 Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 246 Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 247 Leptospira
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 248 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 249 Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 250 Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- The Organism
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 251 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 252 Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 253 Chlamydia trachomatis
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 254 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 255 Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment and Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 256 Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment and Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 257 Typhus Group Rickettsioses
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 258 Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 259 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Complications
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 260 Principles of Antifungal Therapy
- Polyenes
- Pyrimidine Analogs
- Azoles
- Echinocandins
- Bibliography
- Chapter 261 Candida
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prophylaxis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Oral Candidiasis
- Diaper Dermatitis
- Ungual and Periungual Infections
- Vulvovaginitis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Primary Immune Defects
- Bibliography
- Chapter 262 Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 263 Malassezia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 264 Aspergillus
- Asthma
- Extrinsic Alveolar Alveolitis
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Allergic Aspergillus Sinusitis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pulmonary Aspergilloma
- Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
- Sinusitis
- Otomycosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
- Cutaneous Aspergillosis
- Invasive Sinonasal Disease
- Central Nervous System
- Eye
- Bone
- Heart
- Empirical Antifungal Therapy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 265 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 266 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 267 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 268 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 269 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 270 Mucormycosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 271 Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 272 Principles of Antiviral Therapy
- Antivirals Used for Herpesviruses
- Antivirals Used for Respiratory Viral Infections
- Antivirals Used for Hepatitis
- Antiviral Immune Globulins
- Bibliography
- Chapter 273 Measles
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Modified Measles Infection
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 274 Rubella
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnoses
- Differential Diagnoses
- Complications
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Vaccination
- Bibliography
- Chapter 275 Mumps
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 276 Polioviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 277 Nonpolio Enteroviruses
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 278 Parvoviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 279 Herpes Simplex Virus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 280 Varicella-Zoster Virus*
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 281 Epstein-Barr Virus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Oncogenesis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 282 Cytomegalovirus
- The Virus and Its Interaction With the Host
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 283 Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 284 Human Herpesvirus 8
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 285 Influenza Viruses*
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 286 Parainfluenza Viruses*
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 287 Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 288 Human Metapneumovirus
- Etiology
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 289 Adenoviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 290 Rhinoviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 291 Coronaviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis of SARS and MERS
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 292 Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, and Astroviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 293 Human Papillomaviruses
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 294 Arboviral Infections
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Features
- Management
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 295 Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 296 Yellow Fever
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 297 Ebola and Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 298 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 299 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 300 Rabies
- Epidemiology
- Transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 301 Polyomaviruses
- Bibliography
- Chapter 302 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 303 Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 and 2)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology and Modes of Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
- Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1–Associated Myelopathy
- Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-2
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 304 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Genetic Counseling
- Prognosis
- Family Support
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 305 Principles of Antiparasitic Therapy
- Selected Antiparasitic Drugs for Protozoans
- Selected Antiparasitic Drugs for Helminths and Ectoparasites
- Chapter 306 Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 307 Amebiasis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 308 Giardiasis and Balantidiasis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 309 Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Microsporidia
- Cryptosporidium
- Diagnosis
- Cystoisospora
- Cyclospora
- Microsporidia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 310 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 311 Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 312 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei Complex)
- Etiology
- Life Cycle
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 313 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi)
- Etiology
- Life Cycle
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 314 Malaria (Plasmodium)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications of Plasmodium Falciparum MALARIA
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 315 Babesiosis (Babesia)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 316 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Systemic Signs
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 317 Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 318 Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp.)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 319 Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 320 Enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 321 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 322 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 323 Other Tissue Nematodes
- Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca Volvulus)
- Loiasis (Loa Loa)
- Infection With Animal Filariae
- Angiostrongylus Cantonensis
- Angiostrongylus Costaricensis
- Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus Medinensis)
- Gnathostoma Spinigerum
- Bibliography
- Chapter 324 Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 325 Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 326 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 327 Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal)
- Liver Flukes
- Lung Flukes
- Intestinal Flukes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 328 Adult Tapeworm Infections
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Diphyllobothriasis (Diphyllobothrium Spp.)
- Hymenolepiasis (Hymenolepis)
- Dipylidiasis (Dipylidium Caninum)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 329 Cysticercosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 330 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Part XVII The Digestive System
- Section 1 Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease
- Chapter 331 Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
- Bibliography
- Chapter 332 Major Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Tract Disorders
- Dysphagia
- Regurgitation
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Abdominal Pain
- Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
- Abdominal Distention and Abdominal Masses
- Bibliography
- Chapter 331 Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
- Section 1 Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease
- Section 2 The Oral Cavity
- Chapter 333 Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth
- Development of Teeth
- Bibliography
- Chapter 334 Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated With Other Conditions
- Chapter 335 Malocclusion
- Variations in Growth Patterns
- Crossbite
- Open and Closed Bites
- Dental Crowding
- Digit Sucking
- Chapter 336 Cleft Lip and Palate
- Incidence and Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Postoperative Management
- Sequelae
- Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
- Bibliography
- Chapter 337 Syndromes With Oral Manifestations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 338 Dental Caries
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 339 Periodontal Diseases
- Gingivitis
- Aggressive Periodontitis in Children (Prepubertal Periodontitis)
- Aggressive Periodontitis in Adolescents
- Cyclosporine- or Phenytoin-Induced Gingival Overgrowth
- Acute Pericoronitis
- Necrotizing Periodontal Disease (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 340 Dental Trauma
- Injuries to Teeth
- Injuries to Periodontal Structures
- Prevention
- Additional Considerations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 341 Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Tissues
- Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
- Aphthous Ulcers
- Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
- Recurrent Herpes Labialis
- Parulis
- Cheilitis
- Ankyloglossia
- Geographic Tongue
- Fissured Tongue
- Developmental (Normal) Variations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 342 Diseases of the Salivary Glands and Jaws
- Parotitis
- Ranula
- Mucocele
- Congenital Lip Pits
- Eruption Cyst
- Xerostomia
- Salivary Gland Tumors
- Histiocytic Disorders
- Tumors of the Jaw
- Bibliography
- Chapter 343 Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Assessment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 333 Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth
- Chapter 344 Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of the Esophagus
- Embryology
- Anatomy
- Function
- Keywords
- Diagnostic Aids
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 345 Congenital Anomalies
- Keywords
- Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Outcome
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 346 Obstructing and Motility Disorders of the Esophagus
- Extrinsic
- Intrinsic
- Bibliography
- Chapter 347 Dysmotility
- Upper Esophageal and Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysmotility (Striated Muscle)
- Lower Esophageal and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction (Smooth Muscle)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 348 Hiatal Hernia
- Chapter 349 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Epidemiology and Natural History
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Keywords
- Esophageal: Esophagitis and Sequelae—Stricture, Barrett Esophagus, Adenocarcinoma
- Nutritional
- Extraesophageal: Respiratory (“Atypical”) Presentations
- Apnea and Stridor
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 350 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Pill Esophagitis, and Infective Esophagitis
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Infective Esophagitis
- Pill Esophagitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 351 Esophageal Perforation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 352 Esophageal Varices
- Bibliography
- Chapter 353 Ingestions
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 354 Normal Development, Structure, and Function of the Stomach and Intestines
- Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Chapter 355 Pyloric Stenosis and Other Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 356 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 357 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
- Clinical Manifestations
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 358 Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung Disease
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 359 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop Obstructions
- Bibliography
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 360 Foreign Bodies and Bezoars
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 361 Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Primary Ulcers
- Secondary Ulcers
- “Stress” Ulceration
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 362 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 363 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 364 Disorders of Malabsorption
- Clinical Approach
- Keywords
- Investigations for Carbohydrate Malabsorption
- Investigations for Fat Malabsorption
- Investigations for Protein-Losing Enteropathy
- Investigations for Exocrine Pancreatic Function
- Investigations for Intestinal Mucosal Disorders
- Imaging Procedures
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Genetics and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Presentation and Associated Disorders
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- The Spectrum of Gluten-Related Disorders
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Defects of Enterocyte Differentiation and Polarization
- Microvillus Inclusion Disease (Congenital Microvillus Atrophy)
- Tufting Enteropathy (Congenital Tufting Enteropathy)
- Tricho-Hepato-Enteric Syndrome (Syndromic Diarrhea)
- Defects in Enteroendocrine Cells Differentiation
- Enteric Anendocrinosis
- Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency
- Mitchell-Riley Syndrome
- Aristaless-Related Homeobox Gene Mutations
- Autoimmune Enteropathy
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Homozygous Hypobetalipoproteinemia
- Chylomicron Retention Disease (Anderson Disease)
- DGAT1 Mutation
- Wolman Disease
- Tangier Disease
- Sitosterolemia
- Bile Acid Malabsorption
- Protein-Losing Enteropathy
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Postinfectious Diarrhea
- Proximal Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
- Environmental Enteropathy (Tropical Sprue)
- Whipple Disease
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Carbohydrate Malabsorption
- Lactase Deficiency
- Fructose Malabsorption
- Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency
- Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Enterokinase (Enteropeptidase) Deficiency
- Trehalase Deficiency
- Trypsinogen Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Disorders of Carbohydrate Absorption
- Disorders of Amino Acid and Peptide Absorption
- Disorders of Fat Transport
- Disorders of Vitamin Absorption
- Disorders of Electrolyte and Mineral Absorption
- Bibliography
- Chapter 365 Intestinal Transplantation in Children With Intestinal Failure
- Indications for Intestinal Transplant
- Transplantation Operation
- Postoperative Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 366 Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
- Burden of Childhood Diarrhea
- Pathogens
- Epidemiology in the United States and Other Middle- and High-Income Countries
- Epidemiology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Pathogenesis of Infectious Diarrhea
- Clinical Manifestation of Diarrhea
- Intestinal and Extraintestinal Complications
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Keywords
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 367 Chronic Diarrhea
- Definition of Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Etiology
- Evaluation of Patients
- Investigations
- Treatment
- KeyWords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 368 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents
- Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders
- Functional Defecation Disorders
- Bibliography
- Chapter 369 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 370 Acute Appendicitis
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Appendicitis Risk Scoring Systems
- Laboratory Findings
- Imaging Studies
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Differential Diagnosis
- Antibiotics
- Surgical Intervention
- Perforated Appendicitis
- Nonoperative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis
- Recurrent Appendicitis
- Interval Appendectomy
- Incidental Appendicoliths
- Bibliography
- Chapter 371 Surgical Conditions of the Anus and Rectum
- Keywords
- Embryology
- Associated Anomalies
- Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Approach to the Patient
- Operative Repair
- Outcome
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 372 Tumors of the Digestive Tract
- Hamartomatous Tumors
- Adenomatous Tumors
- Other Gastrointestinal Tumors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 373 Inguinal Hernias
- Embryology and Pathogenesis
- Evaluation of Acute Inguinal–Scrotal Swelling
- Direct Inguinal Hernia
- Femoral Hernia
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Chapter 374 Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Pancreas
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 375 Pancreatic Function Tests
- Direct Test
- Bibliography
- Chapter 376 Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas
- Disorders Associated With Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Cystic Fibrosis (see Chapter 432)
- Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (see Chapter 157)
- Pearson Syndrome
- Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome
- Isolated Enzyme Deficiencies
- Other Syndromes Associated With Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Bibliography
- Chapter 377 Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Bibliography
- Chapter 378 Pancreatitis
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 379 Pancreatic Fluid Collections
- Treatment of Fluid Collections and Necrosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 380 Pancreatic Tumors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 381 Morphogenesis of the Liver and Biliary System
- Hepatic Ultrastructure
- Metabolic Functions of the Liver
- Bibliography
- Chapter 382 Manifestations of Liver Disease
- Pathologic Manifestations
- Clinical Manifestations
- Keywords
- Biochemical Tests
- Liver Biopsy
- Hepatic Imaging Procedures
- Diagnostic Approach to Infants With Jaundice
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 383 Cholestasis
- Mechanisms
- Evaluation
- Intrahepatic Cholestasis
- Bile Acid-Coenzyme a Ligase Deficiency
- Disorders of Embryogenesis
- Biliary Atresia
- Management of Chronic Cholestasis
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 384 Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
- Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I (Glucuronyl Transferase Deficiency)
- Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II (Partial Glucuronyl Transferase Deficiency)
- Inherited Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
- Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
- Citrin Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Chapter 385 Viral Hepatitis
- Issues Common to All Forms of Viral Hepatitis
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Approach to Acute or Chronic Hepatitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 386 Liver Abscess
- Bibliography
- Chapter 387 Liver Disease Associated With Systemic Disorders
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Bacterial Sepsis
- Celiac Disease
- Cardiac Disease
- Cholestasis Associated With Chronic Total Parenteral Nutrition
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Histiocytic Disorders
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 388 Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Primary Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment of Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 389 Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Etiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 390 Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 391 Acute Hepatic Failure
- Etiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 392 Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Liver
- Choledochal Cysts
- Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Liver Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 393 Diseases of the Gallbladder
- Anomalies
- Acute Hydrops
- Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis
- Biliary Dyskinesia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 394 Portal Hypertension and Varices
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 395 Liver Transplantation
- Indications
- Technical Innovations
- Immunosuppression
- Complications
- Outcomes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 396 Peritoneal Malformations
- Acknowledgment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 397 Ascites
- Bibliography
- Chapter 398 Peritonitis
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 399 Epigastric Hernia
- Clinical Presentation
- Bibliography
- Section 1 Development and Function
- Chapter 400 Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease
- History
- Physical Examination
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Transillumination of the Chest
- Radiographic Techniques
- Pulmonary Function Testing
- Microbiology: Examination of Lung Secretions
- The Microbiome (see Chapter 196)
- Airway Visualization and Lung Specimen–Based Diagnostic Tests
- Bibliography
- Chapter 401 Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms
- Judging the Seriousness of Chronic Respiratory Complaints
- Recurrent or Persistent Cough
- Frequently Recurring or Persistent Stridor
- Recurrent or Persistent Wheeze
- Recurrent and Persistent Lung Infiltrates
- Evaluation
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 402 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Environmental Risk Factors
- Genetic Risk Factors
- Gene-Environment Interactions
- Infant Groups at Increased Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- Clinical Strategies
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Risk Factors
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Outcome
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 403 Brief Resolved Unexplained Events and Other Acute Events in Infants
- Background
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Initial History
- Bibliography
- Chapter 400 Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease
- Chapter 404 Congenital Disorders of the Nose
- Normal Newborn Nose
- Physiology
- Congenital Disorders
- Choanal Atresia
- Congenital Defects of the Nasal Septum
- Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
- Congenital Midline Nasal Masses
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 405 Acquired Disorders of the Nose
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Anatomy
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 406 Nasal Polyps
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 407 The Common Cold
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 408 Sinusitis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 409 Acute Pharyngitis
- Infectious Etiologies
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Chronic Group a Streptococcus Carriers
- Recurrent Pharyngitis
- Complications and Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 410 Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, and Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess
- Retropharyngeal and Lateral Pharyngeal Abscess
- Peritonsillar Cellulitis and/or Abscess
- Bibliography
- Chapter 411 Tonsils and Adenoids
- Anatomy
- Normal Function
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Complications
- Chronic Airway Obstruction
- Bibliography
- Chapter 412 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, and Bacterial Tracheitis)
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 413 Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 414 Foreign Bodies in the Airway
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 415 Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Subglottic Stenosis
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 416 Bronchomalacia and Tracheomalacia
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 417 Neoplasms of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 418 Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchitis
- Keywords
- General Pathophysiology of Wheezing in Infants
- Clinical Manifestations
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Acute Bronchitis
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution
- Bibliography
- Chapter 419 Plastic Bronchitis
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 420 Emphysema and Overinflation
- Localized Obstructive Overinflation
- Generalized Obstructive Overinflation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 421 α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Supportive Therapy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 422 Other Distal Airway Diseases
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keyword
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 423 Congenital Disorders of the Lung
- Etiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathology
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Pulmonary Cysts
- Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation
- Bronchobiliary Fistula
- Bibliography
- Chapter 424 Pulmonary Edema
- Pathophysiology
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 425 Aspiration Syndromes
- Aspiration Syndromes
- Gastric Contents
- Hydrocarbon Aspiration
- Bibliography
- Chapter 426 Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 427 Immune and Inflammatory Lung Disease
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Classification
- Laboratory
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Classification and Pathogenesis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Berylliosis
- Granulomatous Lung Disease in Primary Immune Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Löffler Syndrome
- Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia
- Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
- Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (the Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Classification and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease (Anti-GBM Disease)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Background/Summary
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Natural Course and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Presentation
- Evaluation
- Treatment
- Outcomes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 428 Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Complications
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 429 Pleurisy, Pleural Effusions, and Empyema
- Etiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Complications
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 430 Bronchiectasis
- Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 431 Pulmonary Abscess
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 432 Cystic Fibrosis
- Genetics
- Pathogenesis
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Assessment
- Treatment
- Treatment of Pulmonary Complications
- Treatment of Intestinal Complications
- Other Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 433 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)
- Normal Ciliary Ultrastructure and Function
- Genetics of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Clinical Manifestations of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 434 Diffuse Lung Diseases in Childhood
- Pathology
- Deficiency of Surfactant Protein B (Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction, Pulmonary, 1; Smdp1; Omim #265120)
- Surfactant Protein C Gene Abnormalities (Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction, Pulmonary, 2; Smdp2; Omim #610913)
- Disease Caused by Mutations in ABCA3 (Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction, Pulmonary, 3; Smdp3; Omim #610921)
- Disease Caused by Mutations in NKX2-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 1, Choreoathetosis, Hypothyroidism, and Neonatal Respiratory Distress, Omim #600635)
- Treatment of Surfactant Dysfunction Disorders
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 435 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 436 Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, and Hemorrhage
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 437 Atelectasis
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 438 Pulmonary Tumors
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 439 Pneumothorax
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 440 Pneumomediastinum
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Chapter 441 Hydrothorax
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 442 Hemothorax
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 443 Chylothorax
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Chapter 444 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 445 Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pectus Carinatum
- Treatment
- Sternal Clefts
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keyword
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keyword
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 446 Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency
- Epidemiology
- Modalities for Respiratory Support
- Other Management Considerations
- Preparing for Discharge
- Care by the General Pediatrician
- Care by the Subspecialty Team
- Weaning Off the Ventilator
- Psychosocial Considerations
- Adult Transition
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Genetics
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Management
- Bibliography
- Myelomeningocele With Arnold-Chiari Type II Malformation
- Management
- Rapid-Onset Obesity, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, and Autonomic Dysregulation
- Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
- Management
- Acquired Alveolar Hypoventilation
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Metabolic Disease
- Keywords
- Goals and Decision-Making
- Noninvasive and Transtracheal Supports
- Augmented Secretion Clearance
- Aerodigestive and Communication Considerations
- Gas-Exchange Goals and Ventilator Strategies
- Cardiopulmonary Interactions
- Chest Wall/Thoracic Configuration
- Nutrition and Weight Gain
- Developmental Considerations
- Projected Interventions and Needs
- Monitoring
- Transitioning From Acute Care to Rehabilitation or Community Setting
- Routine Health Maintenance
- Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation Weaning and Tracheal Decannulation
- Bibliography
- Section 1 Developmental Biology of the Cardiovascular System
- Chapter 447 Cardiac Development
- Bibliography
- Chapter 448 The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 447 Cardiac Development
- Chapter 449 History and Physical Examination in Cardiac Evaluation
- History
- General Physical Examination
- Cardiac Examination
- Bibliography
- Chapter 450 Laboratory Cardiac Evaluation
- Keywords
- Developmental Changes
- Rate and Rhythm
- P Waves
- QRS Complex
- P-R and Q-T Intervals
- ST Segment and T-Wave Abnormalities
- Bibliography
- M-Mode Echocardiography
- Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
- Doppler Echocardiography
- Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
- Transesophageal Echocardiography
- Fetal Echocardiography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
- Thermodilution Measurement of Cardiac Output
- Angiocardiography
- Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
- Bibliography
- Chapter 451 Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease
- Prevalence
- Etiology
- Next-Generation Genome Sequencing and Congenital Heart Disease
- Genetic Counseling
- Bibliography
- Chapter 452 Evaluation and Screening of the Infant or Child With Congenital Heart Disease
- Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions
- Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions
- Bibliography
- Chapter 453 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Complications
- Treatment
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Low-Birthweight Infants
- Bibliography
- Chapter 454 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis and Complications
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Postcoarctectomy Syndrome
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 455 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 456 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Cardiac Disease Leading to Cyanosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Chapter 457 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Associated Anomalies
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Complications
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 458 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Complications
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Complications
- Treatment
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 459 Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations
- Right Aortic Arch
- Vascular Rings
- Bibliography
- Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Artery
- Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Artery
- Ectopic Origin of a Coronary Artery From the Aorta With Aberrant Proximal Course
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 460 Pulmonary Hypertension
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Pathophysiology
- Pathology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 461 General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
- Postoperative Management
- Interstage Management
- Long-Term Management
- Keywords
- Long-Term Medical Considerations
- Specific Lesions
- Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease
- Contraception
- Adolescent Transition
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 462 Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 463 Sudden Death
- Mechanism of Sudden Death
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiac Arrhythmia
- Miscellaneous Causes
- Evaluation and Therapy for Resuscitated Patients
- Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Prevention of Sudden Death
- Bibliography
- Chapter 464 Infective Endocarditis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 465 Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Patterns of Valvular Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 466 Diseases of the Myocardium
- Keywords
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Prognosis and Management
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Management
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Management
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 467 Diseases of the Pericardium
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 468 Tumors of the Heart
- Bibliography
- Chapter 469 Heart Failure
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Electrophysiologic Approaches to Heart Failure Management
- Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Bibliography
- Chapter 470 Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation
- Indications
- Recipient and Donor Selection
- Perioperative Management
- Diagnosis and Management of Acute Graft Rejection
- Complications of Immunosuppression
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 471 Diseases of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Arterial Calcifications Caused by Deficiency of CD73
- Bibliography
- Chapter 472 Systemic Hypertension
- Prevalence of Hypertension in Children
- Definition of Hypertension
- Blood Pressure Measurement in Children
- Etiology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Section 1 The Hematopoietic System
- Chapter 473 Development of the Hematopoietic System
- Hematopoiesis in the Human Embryo and Fetus
- Fetal Granulocytopoiesis
- Fetal Thrombopoiesis
- Fetal Erythropoiesis
- Red Cell Life Span in the Fetus and Neonate
- Bibliography
- Chapter 474 The Anemias
- History and Physical Examination
- Laboratory Studies
- Differential Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 473 Development of the Hematopoietic System
- Chapter 475 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia)
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 476 Pearson Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 477 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia
- Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
- Red Cell Aplasia Associated With Parvovirus B19 Infection
- Other Red Cell Aplasias in Children
- Bibliography
- Chapter 478 Anemia of Chronic Disease and Renal Disease
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 479 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
- Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type I
- Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II
- Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type III
- Bibliography
- Chapter 480 Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 481 Megaloblastic Anemias
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Metabolism
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 482 Iron-Deficiency Anemia
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 483 Other Microcytic Anemias
- Infantile Poikilocytosis and Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis
- Copper Deficiency
- Defects of Iron Metabolism
- Bibliography
- Chapter 484 Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias
- Bibliography
- Chapter 485 Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 486 Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis, and Related Disorders
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 487 Hereditary Stomatocytosis
- Hereditary Xerocytosis
- Hereditary Hydrocytosis
- Intermediate Syndromes and Other Variants
- Other Disorders Associated With Stomatocytosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 488 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Acanthocytosis
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Acanthocytosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 489 Hemoglobinopathies
- Hemoglobin Disorders
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis and Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia (HbSS)
- Therapeutic Considerations
- Other Sickle Cell Syndromes
- Anticipatory Guidance
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Hemoglobin C
- Hemoglobin E
- Hemoglobin D
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Homozygous β-Thalassemia (Thalassemia Major, Cooley Anemia)
- Other β-Thalassemia Syndromes
- α-Thalassemia Syndromes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 490 Enzymatic Defects
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Keywords
- Deficiencies of Enzymes of Hexose Monophosphate Pathway
- Keywords
- Episodic or Induced Acute Hemolytic Anemia
- Chronic Hemolytic Anemias Associated With Deficiency of G6PD or Related Factors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 491 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors—Immune Hemolytic Anemias
- Immune Hemolytic Anemias
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias Associated With “Warm” Antibodies
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias Associated With “Cold” Antibodies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 492 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors
- Fragmentation Hemolysis
- Thermal Injury
- Renal Disease
- Liver Disease
- Toxins and Venoms
- Wilson Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 493 Polycythemia
- Clonal (Primary) Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 494 Nonclonal Polycythemia
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 495 Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes With Pancytopenia
- Fanconi Anemia
- Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
- Dyskeratosis Congenita
- Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
- Other Inherited Aplastic Anemias
- Other Inherited Syndromes With Occasional Significant Bone Marrow Failure
- Unclassified Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 496 The Acquired Pancytopenias
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Pancytopenia Caused by Marrow Replacement
- Bibliography
- Chapter 497 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Erythropoietin Therapy
- RBC Transfusion in Children and Adolescents
- RBC Transfusion in Preterm Infants and Neonates
- RBC Product and Dose
- Storage Age of RBC Units
- Bibliography
- Chapter 498 Platelet Transfusions
- Children and Adolescents
- Infants and Neonates
- Platelet Products and Dosing
- Bibliography
- Chapter 499 Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
- Granulocyte Transfusions for Children
- Granulocyte Transfusion for Neonates
- Granulocyte Product
- Bibliography
- Chapter 500 Plasma Transfusions
- Plasma Products and Patient Testing
- Plasma Transfusion in Children
- Plasma Transfusion in Neonates
- Bibliography
- Chapter 501 Risks of Blood Transfusions
- Infectious Risks of Transfusion
- Noninfectious Risks of Transfusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 502 Hemostasis
- The Hemostatic Process
- Pathology
- Keywords
- Clinical History
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Tests
- Developmental Hemostasis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 503 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
- Keywords
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Genetics and Classification
- Treatment
- Prophylaxis
- Supportive Care
- Chronic Complications
- Comprehensive Care
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 504 Von Willebrand Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Classification
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 505 Hereditary Predisposition to Thrombosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 506 Thrombotic Disorders in Children
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Testing
- Treatment
- Complications
- Keywords
- Unfractionated Heparin
- Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
- Warfarin
- Direct Oral Anticoagulants
- Thrombolytic Therapy
- Thromboprophylaxis
- Antiplatelet Therapy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 507 Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Chapter 508 Liver Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 509 Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 510 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 511 Platelet and Blood Vessel Disorders
- Megakaryopoiesis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Outcome
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Chronic Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Other Hereditary Disorders of Platelet Function
- Treatment of Patients With Platelet Dysfunction
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Other Acquired Disorders
- Bibliography
- Chapter 512 Anatomy and Function of the Spleen
- Anatomy
- Function
- Bibliography
- Chapter 513 Splenomegaly
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 514 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy
- Hyposplenism
- Splenic Trauma
- Splenectomy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 515 Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System
- Bibliography
- Chapter 516 Abnormalities of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphatic Malformations
- Lymphangiectasia
- Lymphedema
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
- Lymphangitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 517 Lymphadenopathy
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 518 Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
- Influencing the Incidence of Cancer
- Bibliography
- Chapter 519 Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer
- Genes Involved in Oncogenesis
- Syndromes Predisposing to Cancer
- Other Factors Associated With Oncogenesis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 520 Principles of Cancer Diagnosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Physical Examination
- Age-Related Manifestations
- Early Detection
- Ensuring the Diagnosis
- Staging
- Bibliography
- Chapter 521 Principles of Cancer Treatment
- Diagnosis and Staging
- A Multimodal, Multidisciplinary Approach
- Discussing the Treatment Plan With the Patient and Family
- Treatments
- Acute Toxic Effects and Supportive Care
- Late Adverse Effects
- Palliative Care
- Bibliography
- Chapter 522 The Leukemias
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Cellular Classification
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Supportive Care
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Cellular Classification
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 523 Lymphoma
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Relapse
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Chapter 524 Brain Tumors in Childhood
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Specific Tumors
- Complications and Long-Term Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 525 Neuroblastoma
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 526 Neoplasms of the Kidney
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Etiology: Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Recurrent Disease
- Prognosis
- Late Effects
- Keywords
- Mesoblastic Nephroma
- Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
- Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Bibliography
- Chapter 527 Soft Tissue Sarcomas
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Other Soft Tissue Sarcomas
- Bibliography
- Chapter 528 Neoplasms of Bone
- Keywords
- Osteosarcoma
- Ewing Sarcoma
- Keywords
- Characteristic Lesions of the Tibia
- Histiocytosis
- Diagnostic Considerations
- Vascular Tumors of Bone
- Bibliography
- Chapter 529 Retinoblastoma
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Screening
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 530 Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 531 Neoplasms of the Liver
- Hepatoblastoma
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Bibliography
- Chapter 532 Benign Vascular Tumors
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 533 Rare Tumors
- Keywords
- Benign Thyroid Tumors
- Malignant Thyroid Tumors
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 534 Histiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood
- Classification and Pathology
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Section 1 Glomerular Disease
- Chapter 535 Introduction to Glomerular Diseases
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Pathogenesis
- Pathology
- Bibliography
- Chapter 535 Introduction to Glomerular Diseases
- Chapter 536 Clinical Evaluation of the Child With Hematuria
- Bibliography
- Chapter 537 Isolated Glomerular Diseases Associated With Recurrent Gross Hematuria
- Pathology and Pathologic Diagnosis
- Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Genetics
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Classification
- Pathology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 538 Multisystem Disease Associated With Hematuria
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Prognosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Background
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory and Radiologic Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 539 Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated With Hematuria
- Keywords
- Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis (see also Chapter 550.1)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 540 Vascular Diseases Associated with Hematuria
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 541 Anatomic Abnormalities Associated With Hematuria
- Keywords
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 542 Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 543 Clinical Evaluation of the Child With Proteinuria
- Normal Physiology
- Pathophysiology of Proteinuria
- Measurement of Urine Protein
- Clinical Considerations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 544 Conditions Associated With Proteinuria
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Glomerular Proteinuria
- Tubular Proteinuria
- Bibliography
- Chapter 545 Nephrotic Syndrome
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Consequences of Nephrotic Syndrome
- Keywords
- Pathology
- Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 546 Tubular Function
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Phosphate
- Magnesium
- Acidification and Concentrating Mechanisms
- Developmental Considerations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 547 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Normal Urinary Acidification
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations of Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Fanconi Syndrome
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Approach to Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 548 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 549 Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 550 Renal Failure
- Keywords
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Dialysis
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment and Management
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 551 Renal Transplantation
- Incidence and Etiology of End-Stage Renal Disease
- Indications for Renal Transplantation
- Characteristics of Kidney Donors and Recipients
- Evaluation and Preparing for Kidney Transplantation
- Immunosuppression
- Fluid Management in Infants and Small Children Following Kidney Transplantation
- Rejection of Kidney Transplant
- Graft Survival of Kidneys
- Complications of Immunosuppression
- Long-Term Outcome of Kidney Transplantation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 552 Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis of the Kidneys
- Embryonic and Fetal Development
- Renal Agenesis
- Renal Dysgenesis: Dysplasia, Hypoplasia, and Cystic Anomalies
- Renal Cysts in Children
- Anomalies in Shape and Position
- Associated Physical Findings
- Bibliography
- Chapter 553 Urinary Tract Infections
- Prevalence and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Classification
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Imaging Findings
- Treatment
- Imaging Studies in Children With a Febrile UTI
- Prevention of Recurrences
- Bibliography
- Chapter 554 Vesicoureteral Reflux
- Classification
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- Current Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines
- Bibliography
- Chapter 555 Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Physical Findings
- Imaging Studies
- Specific Types of Urinary Tract Obstruction and Their Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 556 Anomalies of the Bladder
- Bladder Exstrophy
- Other Exstrophy Anomalies
- Bladder Diverticula
- Urachal Anomalies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 557 Neuropathic Bladder
- Neural Tube Defects
- Associated Disorders
- Bibliography
- Chapter 558 Enuresis and Voiding Dysfunction
- Normal Voiding and Toilet Training
- Diurnal Incontinence
- Overactive Bladder (Diurnal Urge Syndrome)
- Nonneurogenic Neurogenic Bladder (Hinman Syndrome)
- Infrequent Voiding (Underactive Bladder)
- Vaginal Voiding
- Other Causes of Incontinence in Females
- Voiding Disorders Without Incontinence
- Nocturnal Enuresis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 559 Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra
- Hypospadias
- Chordee Without Hypospadias
- Phimosis and Paraphimosis
- Circumcision
- Penile Torsion
- Inconspicuous Penis
- Micropenis
- Priapism
- Other Penile Anomalies
- Meatal Stenosis
- Other Male Urethral Anomalies
- Urethral Prolapse (Female)
- Other Female Urethral Lesions
- Bibliography
- Chapter 560 Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal Contents
- Undescended Testis (Cryptorchidism)
- Scrotal Swelling
- Testicular (Spermatic Cord) Torsion
- Torsion of the Appendix Testis/Epididymis
- Epididymitis
- Varicocele
- Spermatocele
- Hydrocele
- Inguinal Hernia
- Testicular Microlithiasis
- Testicular Tumor
- Bibliography
- Chapter 561 Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 562 Urinary Lithiasis
- Stone Formation
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Metabolic Evaluation
- Pathogenesis of Specific Renal Calculi
- Treatment
- Stone Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 563 Gynecologic History and Physical Examination
- History
- Gynecologic Examination
- Bibliography
- Chapter 564 Vulvovaginitis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment and Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 565 Vaginal Bleeding in the Prepubertal Child
- Bibliography
- Chapter 566 Breast Concerns
- Breast Development
- Breast Evaluation
- Breast Self-Awareness
- Abnormal Development
- Breast Masses
- Cosmetic Surgery
- Bibliography
- Chapter 567 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hirsutism
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Hirsutism
- Bibliography
- Chapter 568 Gynecologic Neoplasms and Adolescent Prevention Methods for Human Papillomavirus
- Overview of Gynecologic Malignancies in Children and Adolescents
- Impact of Cancer Therapy on Fertility
- Ovarian Neoplasms
- Uterine Malignancies
- Vaginal Malignancies
- Vulvar Malignancies
- Cervical Malignancies and Their Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 569 Vulvovaginal and Müllerian Anomalies
- Embryology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Uterine Anomalies
- Vaginal Anomalies
- Cervical Anomalies
- Vulvar and Other Anomalies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 570 Gynecologic Care for Girls With Special Needs
- Sexuality and Sexual Education
- Abuse
- Pelvic Examination
- Menstruation
- Contraception
- Bibliography
- Chapter 571 Female Genital Mutilation
- Background
- Complications
- Clinical Management of FGM
- Bibliography
- Section 1 Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Chapter 572 Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
- Anatomy
- Embryology
- Vascular Supply
- Anterior Pituitary Cell Types
- Posterior Pituitary Cell Types
- Bibliography
- Chapter 573 Hypopituitarism
- Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency
- Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Insensitivity
- Growth Hormone Insensitivity
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Radiologic Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications and Adverse Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 574 Diabetes Insipidus
- Physiology of Water Balance
- Approach to the Patient With Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Hypernatremia
- Causes of Hypernatremia
- Treatment of Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Bibliography
- Chapter 575 Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action
- Causes of Hyponatremia
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 576 Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes
- Hyperpituitarism
- Tall Stature
- Sotos Syndrome (Cerebral Gigantism)
- Treatment of Normal Variant Tall Stature
- Excess Growth Hormone Secretion and Pituitary Gigantism
- Hypersecretion of Other Pituitary Hormones
- Bibliography
- Chapter 577 Physiology of Puberty
- Bibliography
- Chapter 578 Disorders of Pubertal Development
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Hepatic Tumors
- Intracranial Tumors
- Tumors in Other Locations
- Peripheral Precocious Puberty
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Extragonadal Manifestations
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Premature Thelarche
- Premature Pubarche (Adrenarche)
- Premature Menarche
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Differential Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Approach to Delayed Puberty
- Treatment of Delayed Puberty
- Bibliography
- Chapter 572 Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
- Chapter 579 Thyroid Development and Physiology
- Fetal Development
- Thyroid Physiology
- Thyroid Regulation
- Serum Thyroid Hormones
- Fetal and Newborn Thyroid
- Serum Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
- Radionuclide Studies
- Thyroid Ultrasonography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 580 Disorders of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
- Bibliography
- Chapter 581 Hypothyroidism
- Congenital Hypothyroidism
- Acquired Hypothyroidism
- Bibliography
- Chapter 582 Thyroiditis
- Thyroiditis With Pain
- Thyroiditis Without Pain
- Other Causes of Thyroiditis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 583 Goiter
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathogenesis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Iodide Goiter
- Simple Goiter (Colloid Goiter)
- Multinodular Goiter
- Toxic Goiter (Hyperthyroidism)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 584 Thyrotoxicosis
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 585 Carcinoma of the Thyroid
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 586 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
- Monogenic Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1
- Immune Dysregulation-Polyendocrinopathy-Enteropathy X-Linked
- Other Monogenic Immune Dysregulation Disorders
- Polygenic Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (APS-2)
- Chromosomal Abnormalities Associated With Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome
- Nongenetic Autoimmune Causes of Multiple Endocrinopathy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 587 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B
- Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Management of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
- Bibliography
- Chapter 588 Hormones and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide
- Vitamin D
- Calcitonin
- Bibliography
- Chapter 589 Hypoparathyroidism
- Etiology
- Aplasia or Hypoplasia of the Parathyroid Glands
- X-Linked Recessive Hypoparathyroidism
- Autosomal Recessive Hypoparathyroidism With Dysmorphic Features
- Hypoparathyroidism, Sensorineural Deafness, and Renal Anomaly Syndrome
- Suppression of Neonatal Parathyroid Hormone Secretion Because of Maternal Hyperparathyroidism
- Autosomal Dominant Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism Associated With Mitochondrial Disorders
- Surgical Hypoparathyroidism
- Autoimmune Hypoparathyroidism
- Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
- Bibliography
- Chapter 590 Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Type Ia
- Type Ib
- Acrodysostosis With Hormone Resistance
- Bibliography
- Chapter 591 Hyperparathyroidism
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (Familial Benign Hypercalcemia)
- Granulomatous Diseases
- Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
- Miscellaneous Causes of Hypercalcemia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 592 Physiology of the Adrenal Gland
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Zona Glomerulosa
- Zona Fasciculata
- Zona Reticularis
- Fetoplacental Unit
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
- Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion
- Regulation of Adrenal Androgen Secretion
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Actions of Glucocorticoids
- Metabolic Effects
- Actions of Mineralocorticoids
- Actions of the Adrenal Androgens
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 593 Adrenocortical Insufficiency
- Keywords
- Inherited Etiologies
- Acquired Etiologies
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance
- Cortisone Reductase Deficiency
- Altered End-Organ Sensitivity to Mineralocorticoids
- Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess
- Liddle Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 594 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Related Disorders
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Newborn Screening
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations
- Epidemiology
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Genetic Counseling
- Bibliography
- Chapter 595 Adrenocortical Tumors and Masses
- Epidemiology
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathologic Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 596 Virilizing and Feminizing Adrenal Tumors
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Chapter 597 Cushing Syndrome
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 598 Primary Aldosteronism
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 599 Pheochromocytoma
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 600 Development and Function of the Gonads
- Genetic Control of Embryonic Gonadal Differentiation
- Function of the Testes
- Function of the Ovaries
- Diagnostic Testing
- Therapeutic Use of Sex Steroids
- Bibliography
- Chapter 601 Hypofunction of the Testes
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Noonan Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- XX Males
- 45,X Males
- 47,XXX Males
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 602 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Tumors of the Testes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 603 Gynecomastia
- Physiologic Forms of Gynecomastia
- Evaluation of Gynecomastia
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 604 Hypofunction of the Ovaries
- Keywords
- Turner Syndrome
- XX Gonadal Dysgenesis
- 45,X/46,XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
- XXX, XXXX, and XXXXX Females
- Noonan Syndrome
- Other Ovarian Defects
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 605 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Lesions of the Ovary
- Estrogenic Lesions of the Ovary
- Androgenic Lesions of the Ovary
- Bibliography
- Chapter 606 Disorders of Sex Development
- Sex Differentiation
- Diagnostic Approach to the Patient With Atypical or Ambiguous Genitalia
- Keywords
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Aromatase Deficiency
- Cortisol Resistance Due to Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Mutation
- Virilizing Maternal Tumors
- Exposure to Androgenic Drugs by Women During Pregnancy
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Defects in Testicular Differentiation
- Defiency of Testicular Hormone Production
- Defects in Androgen Action
- Undetermined Causes
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Sex Development
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 607 Diabetes Mellitus
- Keywords
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Other Specific Types of Diabetes
- Other Etiologies of Diabetes
- Prediabetes
- Keywords
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Environmental Factors
- Pathogenesis and Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Prediction and Prevention
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Initiation of Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy
- Cognitive Function
- Coping Styles
- Nonadherence
- Anxiety and Depression
- Fear of Self-Injecting and Self-Testing
- Eating Disorders
- Long-Term Complications: Relation to Glycemic Control
- Diabetic Neuropathy
- Prognosis
- Pancreas and Islet Transplantation and Regeneration
- Natural History
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Epigenetics and Fetal Programming
- Environmental and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors
- Clinical Features
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prevention
- Keywords
- Genetic Defects of β-Cell Function
- Genetic Defects of Insulin Action
- Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
- Endocrinopathies
- Drugs
- Genetic Syndromes Associated With Diabetes Mellitus
- Autoimmune Diseases Associated With T1DM
- Bibliography
- Chapter 608 Neurologic Evaluation
- History
- Neurologic Examination
- General Examination
- Special Diagnostic Procedures
- Bibliography
- Chapter 609 Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System
- Hydrocephalus
- Etiology
- Prevention
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Lissencephaly
- Schizencephaly
- Neuronal Heterotopias
- Polymicrogyrias
- Focal Cortical Dysplasias
- Porencephaly
- Bibliography
- Holoprosencephaly
- Bibliography
- Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders
- Brainstem and Cerebellar Disorders
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Physiology
- Pathophysiology and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Megalencephaly
- Hydranencephaly
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Development and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 610 Deformational Plagiocephaly
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Examination and Differentiating Between Deformational Plagiocephaly and Craniosynostosis
- Treatment
- Outcomes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 611 Seizures in Childhood
- Evaluation of the First Seizure
- Keywords
- Genetic and Other Factors Leading to Febrile Seizures
- Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- History and Examination
- Differential Diagnosis
- Long-Term Approach to the Patient and Additional Testing
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Focal Seizures With Preserved Awareness
- Focal Seizures With Impaired Awareness
- Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Benign Epilepsy Syndromes With Focal Seizures
- Severe Epilepsy Syndromes With Focal Seizures
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Absence Seizures
- Generalized Motor Seizures
- Benign Generalized Epilepsies
- Severe Generalized Epilepsies
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Deciding on Long-Term Therapy
- Counseling
- Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
- Choice of Drug According to Seizure Type and Epilepsy Syndrome
- Choice of Drug: Other Considerations
- Initiating and Monitoring Therapy
- Side Effects
- Additional Treatments
- Approach to Epilepsy Surgery
- Discontinuation of Therapy
- Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pathophysiology
- Types of Neonatal Seizures
- Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Mechanisms
- Therapy
- Bibliography
- Keyword
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 612 Conditions That Mimic Seizures
- Syncope and Other Generalized Paroxysms
- Movement Disorders and Other Paroxysmal Movements and Postures
- Oculomotor and Visual Abnormalities
- Sleep-Related Disorders
- Bibliography
- Chapter 613 Headaches
- Epidemiology
- Classification and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 614 Neurocutaneous Syndromes
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Management
- Genetic Counseling
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Management
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 615 Movement Disorders
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Inherited Primary Dystonias
- Drug-Induced Dystonias
- Cerebral Palsy
- Metabolic Disorders
- Other Disorders
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 616 Encephalopathies
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes
- Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged Red Fibers
- Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) Syndrome
- Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)
- Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS)
- Reversible Infantile Cytochrome C Oxidase Deficiency Myopathy
- Leigh Disease (Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyopathy)
- Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome
- Reye Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Encephalopathy
- Lead Encephalopathy
- Burn Encephalopathy
- Hypertensive Encephalopathy
- Radiation Encephalopathy
- Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy
- Cystic Leukoencephalopathy
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
- Other Types of Encephalitis Associated With Antibodies Against Neuronal Cell Surface Antigens
- Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes With Encephalopathy
- Hashimoto Encephalopathy
- Opsoclonus–Myoclonus and Other Types of Brainstem–Cerebellar Encephalitis
- Bickerstaff Encephalitis
- Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation With Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids
- Autoimmune Encephalopathies Associated With Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus
- Other Suspected Types of Autoimmune Encephalitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 617 Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood
- Keywords
- Gangliosidoses
- Krabbe Disease (Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy)
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
- Alexander Disease
- Canavan Spongy Degeneration
- Other Leukodystrophies
- Menkes Disease
- Rett Syndrome
- Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 618 Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Neuroimaging
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Imaging and Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Imaging and Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Clinical Presentation
- Imaging and Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 619 Pediatric Stroke
- Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Vasculitic Processes: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Spinal Cord Embolism
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Migraine
- Seizure
- Infection
- Demyelination
- Hypoglycemia
- Global Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
- Hypertensive Encephalopathy
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Vestibulopathy and Ataxia
- Channelopathies
- Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
- Chapter 620 Central Nervous System Vasculitis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 621 Central Nervous System Infections
- Epidemiology
- Pathology and Pathophysiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 622 Brain Abscess
- Pathology
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 623 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 624 Spinal Cord Disorders
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Outcome
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Outcome
- Bibliography
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 625 Evaluation and Investigation of Neuromuscular Disorders
- Genetic Testing
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Imaging of Muscles and the Central Nervous System
- Muscle Biopsy
- Nerve Biopsy
- Cardiac Assessment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 626 Developmental Disorders of Muscle
- Myogenic Regulatory Genes and Genetic Loci of Inherited Diseases of Muscle
- Treatment of Congenital Myopathies
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Genetics
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Genetics
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Genetics
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Genetics
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and MFM Subtypes According to Genetic Background
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Fetal Movement and the Link to Arthrogryposis
- Basic Categories, Etiologies, and Classifications
- Diagnostic Approach and Laboratory Evaluation
- Differential Diagnosis
- Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis
- Management
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 627 Muscular Dystrophies
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Genetics
- Diagnostics
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Genetics
- Treatment
- Other Myotonic Syndromes
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 628 Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies
- Thyroid Myopathies
- Steroid-Hormone Induced Myopathy
- Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis With Myoglobinuria
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Toxic Myopathies
- Critical Illness Myopathy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 629 Metabolic Myopathies and Channelopathies
- Treatment
- Other Muscle Channelopathies
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Investigations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 630 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons
- Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
- Rare Other Causes of Myasthenia
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Complications
- Prognosis
- Other Causes of Neuromuscular Blockade
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Course
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Genetics
- Management
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 631 Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 632 Toxic Neuropathies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 633 Autonomic Neuropathies
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis
- Allgrove Syndrome (Triple a Syndrome)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 634 Guillain-Barré Syndrome
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 635 Bell Palsy
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Facial Palsy at Birth
- Bibliography
- Chapter 636 Growth and Development of the Eye
- Bibliography
- Chapter 637 Examination of the Eye
- Visual Acuity
- Visual Field Assessment
- Color Vision Testing
- Pupillary Examination
- Ocular Motility
- Binocular Vision
- External Examination
- Biomicroscopy (Slit-Lamp Examination)
- Fundus Examination (Ophthalmoscopy)
- Refraction
- Tonometry
- Bibliography
- Chapter 638 Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation
- Hyperopia
- Myopia
- Astigmatism
- Anisometropia
- Accommodation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 639 Disorders of Vision
- Amblyopia
- Diplopia
- Suppression
- Amaurosis
- Nyctalopia
- Psychogenic Disturbances
- Dyslexia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 640 Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
- Aniridia
- Coloboma of the Iris
- Microcoria
- Congenital Mydriasis
- Dyscoria and Corectopia
- Anisocoria
- Dilated Fixed Pupil
- Tonic Pupil
- Marcus Gunn Pupil
- Horner Syndrome
- Paradoxical Pupil Reaction
- Persistent Pupillary Membrane
- Heterochromia
- Other Iris Lesions
- Leukocoria
- Bibliography
- Chapter 641 Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment
- Strabismus
- Congenital Ocular Motor Apraxia
- Nystagmus
- Other Abnormal Eye Movements
- Bibliography
- Chapter 642 Abnormalities of the Lids
- Ptosis
- Epicanthal Folds
- Lagophthalmos
- Lid Retraction
- Ectropion, Entropion, and Epiblepharon
- Blepharospasm
- Blepharitis
- Hordeolum (Stye)
- Chalazion
- Coloboma of the Eyelid
- Tumors of the Lid
- Bibliography
- Chapter 643 Disorders of the Lacrimal System
- The Tear Film
- Dacryostenosis
- Alacrima and “Dry Eye”
- Bibliography
- Chapter 644 Disorders of the Conjunctiva
- Conjunctivitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 645 Abnormalities of the Cornea
- Megalocornea
- Microcornea
- Keratoconus
- Neonatal Corneal Opacities
- Sclerocornea
- Peters Anomaly
- Corneal Dystrophies
- Dermoids
- Dendritic Keratitis
- Corneal Ulcers
- Phlyctenules
- Interstitial Keratitis
- Corneal Manifestations of Systemic Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 646 Abnormalities of the Lens
- Cataracts
- Ectopia Lentis
- Other Disorders of the Lens
- Bibliography
- Chapter 647 Disorders of the Uveal Tract
- Uveitis (Iritis, Cyclitis, Chorioretinitis)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 648 Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
- Retinopathy of Prematurity
- Persistent Fetal Vasculature
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Stargardt Disease (Fundus Flavimaculatus)
- Best Vitelliform Degeneration
- Cherry-Red Spot
- Phakomas
- Retinoschisis
- Retinal Detachment
- Coats Disease
- Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
- Hypertensive Retinopathy
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
- Blood Disorders
- Trauma-Related Retinopathy
- Myelinated Nerve Fibers
- Coloboma of the Fundus
- Bibliography
- Chapter 649 Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve
- Optic Nerve Aplasia
- Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
- Optic Nerve Coloboma
- Morning Glory Disc Anomaly
- Tilted Disc
- Drusen of the Optic Nerve
- Papilledema
- Optic Neuritis
- Leber Optic Neuropathy
- Optic Atrophy
- Optic Nerve Glioma
- Traumatic Optic Neuropathies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 650 Childhood Glaucoma
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 651 Orbital Abnormalities
- Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism
- Exophthalmos and Enophthalmos
- Orbital Inflammation
- Tumors of the Orbit
- Bibliography
- Chapter 652 Orbital Infections
- Dacryoadenitis
- Dacryocystitis
- Preseptal Cellulitis
- Orbital Cellulitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 653 Injuries to the Eye
- Ecchymosis and Swelling of the Eyelids
- Lacerations of the Eyelids
- Superficial Abrasions of the Cornea
- Foreign Body Involving the Ocular Surface
- Hyphema
- Open Globe
- Optic Nerve Trauma
- Chemical Injuries
- Orbital Fractures
- Penetrating Wounds of the Orbit
- Child Abuse
- Fireworks-Related Injuries
- Sports-Related Ocular Injuries and Their Prevention
- Handheld Laser Retinal Injury
- Bibliography
- Chapter 654 General Considerations and Evaluation of the Ear
- Clinical Manifestations
- Facial Paralysis
- Physical Examination
- Bibliography
- Chapter 655 Hearing Loss
- Incidence and Prevalence
- Types of Hearing Loss
- Etiology
- Effects of Hearing Impairment
- Hearing Screening
- Identification of Hearing Impairment
- Clinical Audiologic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Genetic Counseling
- Bibliography
- Chapter 656 Congenital Malformations of the Ear
- Pinna Malformations
- Congenital Stenosis or Atresia of the External Auditory Canal
- Congenital Middle-Ear Malformations
- Congenital Inner Ear Malformations
- Congenital Cholesteatoma
- Bibliography
- Chapter 657 External Otitis (Otitis Externa)
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Other Diseases of the External Ear
- Bibliography
- Chapter 658 Otitis Media
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Examination of the Tympanic Membrane
- Prevention
- Immunoprophylaxis and Vaccination Status
- Treatment
- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
- Management of Otitis Media With Effusion
- Intracranial Complications
- Possible Developmental Sequelae
- Bibliography
- Chapter 659 Acute Mastoiditis
- Anatomy
- Epidemiology
- Microbiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Imaging
- Management
- Special Situations
- Bibliography
- Chapter 660 The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth
- Other Diseases of the Inner Ear
- Bibliography
- Chapter 661 Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone
- Auricle and External Auditory Canal
- Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear
- Temporal Bone Fractures
- Acoustic Trauma
- Bibliography
- Chapter 662 Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone
- Bibliography
- Chapter 663 Morphology of the Skin
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous Tissue
- Appendageal Structures
- Bibliography
- Chapter 664 Dermatologic Evaluation of the Patient
- History and Physical Examination
- Biopsy of Skin
- Wood Lamp
- Potassium Hydroxide Preparation
- Tzanck Smear
- Immunofluorescence Studies
- Connective Tissue Diseases
- Vasculitides
- Gastrointestinal Diseases
- Cutaneous Manifestations of Malignancy
- Cutaneous Reactions in the Setting of Immunosuppression
- Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS Syndrome)
- Serum Sickness–Like Reaction
- Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 665 Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
- Wet Dressings
- Bath Oils, Colloids, Soaps
- Lubricants
- Shampoos
- Shake Lotions
- Powders
- Pastes
- Keratolytic Agents
- Tar Compounds
- Antifungal Agents
- Topical Antibiotics
- Topical Corticosteroids
- Topical Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents
- Sunscreens
- Laser Therapy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 666 Dermatologic Diseases of the Neonate
- Sebaceous Hyperplasia
- Milia
- Sucking Blisters
- Cutis Marmorata
- Harlequin Color Change
- Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch)
- Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots)
- Erythema Toxicum
- Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
- Infantile Acropustulosis
- Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 667 Cutaneous Defects
- Skin Dimples
- Redundant Skin
- Amniotic Constriction Bands
- Preauricular Sinuses and Pits
- Accessory Tragi
- Branchial Cleft and Thyroglossal Cysts and Sinuses
- Supernumerary Nipples
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita (Congenital Absence of Skin)
- Focal Facial Dermal Dysplasias
- Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz-Gorlin Syndrome)
- Dyskeratosis Congenita (Zinsser-Engman-Cole Syndrome)
- Cutis Verticis Gyrata
- Bibliography
- Chapter 668 Ectodermal Dysplasias
- Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
- Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (Clouston Syndrome)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 669 Vascular Disorders
- Vascular Malformations
- Lymphatic Malformations
- Arteriovenous Malformation
- Klippel-Trenaunay and Parkes-Weber Syndromes
- Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis
- Nevus Anemicus
- Vascular Tumors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 670 Cutaneous Nevi
- Acquired Melanocytic Nevus
- Atypical Melanocytic Nevus
- Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
- Melanoma
- Halo Nevus
- Spitz Nevus (Spindle and Epithelioid Cell Nevus)
- Zosteriform Lentiginous Nevus (Agminated Lentigines)
- Nevus Spilus (Speckled Lentiginous Nevus)
- Nevus of Ota and Nevus of Ito
- Blue Nevi
- Nevus Depigmentosus (Achromic Nevus)
- Epidermal Nevi
- Nevus Comedonicus
- Connective Tissue Nevus
- Smooth Muscle Hamartoma
- Bibliography
- Chapter 671 Hyperpigmented Lesions
- Disorders of Pigment
- Ephelides (Freckles)
- Lentigines
- Café-Au-Lait Spots
- Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Disease)
- PostInflammatory Pigmentary Changes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 672 Hypopigmented Lesions
- Albinism
- Melanoblast Migration Abnormalities
- Bibliography
- Chapter 673 Vesiculobullous Disorders
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex
- Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Kindler Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Pemphigus Vulgaris
- Pemphigus Foliaceus
- Bullous Pemphigoid
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 674 Eczematous Disorders
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis
- Diaper Dermatitis
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 675 Photosensitivity
- Acute Sunburn Reaction
- Photosensitive Reactions
- Porphyrias
- Colloid Milium
- Hydroa Vacciniforme
- Solar Urticaria
- Polymorphous Light Eruption
- Actinic Prurigo
- Cockayne Syndrome
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum
- Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome
- Bloom Syndrome
- Hartnup Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 676 Diseases of the Epidermis
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Pathology
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Histology
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Histology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Histology
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Histology
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Histology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Histology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Histology
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 677 Disorders of Keratinization
- Disorders of Cornification
- Collodion Baby
- Nonsyndromic Ichthyoses
- Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyoses
- Keratinopathic Ichthyoses
- Other Nonsyndromic Ichthyoses
- Syndromic Ichthyoses
- Other Syndromes With Ichthyosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 678 Diseases of the Dermis
- Keloid
- Striae Cutis Distensae (Stretch Marks)
- Corticosteroid-Induced Atrophy
- Granuloma Annulare
- Necrobiosis Lipoidica
- Lichen Sclerosus
- Morphea
- Scleredema (Scleredema Adultorum, Scleredema of Buschke)
- Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe Disease, Hyalinosis Cutis Et Mucosae)
- Macular Atrophy (Anetoderma)
- Cutis Laxa (Dermatomegaly, Generalized Elastolysis)
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
- Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosa
- Reactive Perforating Collagenosis
- Xanthomas
- Fabry Disease
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Mastocytosis
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 679 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Classification of the 6 Most Common Subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Differential Diagnosis
- General Approach to Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 680 Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue
- Corticosteroid-Induced Atrophy
- Erythema Nodosum
- Post-Steroid Panniculitis
- Lupus Erythematosus Profundus (Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis)
- Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
- Pancreatic Panniculitis
- Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis
- Sclerema Neonatorum
- Cold Panniculitis
- Chilblains (Pernio)
- Factitial Panniculitis
- Bibliography
- Partial Lipodystrophy
- Generalized Lipodystrophy
- Bibliography
- Chapter 681 Disorders of the Sweat Glands
- Anhidrosis
- Hyperhidrosis
- Miliaria
- Bromhidrosis
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa
- Fox-Fordyce Disease
- Bibliography
- Chapter 682 Disorders of Hair
- Hypertrichosis
- Hypotrichosis and Alopecia
- Traumatic Alopecia (Traction Alopecia, Hair Pulling, Trichotillomania)
- Alopecia Areata
- Acquired Diffuse Hair Loss
- Congenital Diffuse Hair Loss
- Bibliography
- Chapter 683 Disorders of the Nails
- Abnormalities in Nail Shape or Size
- Changes in Nail Color
- Nail Separation
- Nail Changes Associated With Skin Disease
- Trachyonychia (20-Nail Dystrophy)
- Nail Infection
- Paronychial Inflammation
- Paronychial Tumors
- Bibliography
- Chapter 684 Disorders of the Mucous Membranes
- Angular Cheilitis
- Aphthous Stomatitis (Canker Sores)
- Fordyce Spots
- Epstein Pearls (Gingival Cysts of the Newborn)
- Mucocele
- Fissured Tongue
- Geographic Tongue (Benign Migratory Glossitis)
- Black Hairy Tongue
- Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
- Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (Vincent Stomatitis, Fusospirochetal Gingivitis, Trench Mouth)
- Noma
- Cowden Syndrome (Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 685 Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
- Etiology/Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Complications
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Cellulitis
- Necrotizing Fasciitis
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Histology
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Blastomycosis-Like Pyoderma (Pyoderma Vegetans)
- Blistering Distal Dactylitis
- Perianal Infectious Dermatitis
- Erysipelas
- Folliculitis
- Abscesses and Furuncles
- Pitted Keratolysis
- Erythrasma
- Erysipeloid
- Tuberculosis of the Skin
- Bibliography
- Chapter 686 Cutaneous Fungal Infections
- Tinea Versicolor
- Dermatophytoses
- Candidal Infections (Candidosis, Candidiasis, and Moniliasis)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 687 Cutaneous Viral Infections
- Wart (Verruca)
- Molluscum Contagiosum
- Bibliography
- Chapter 688 Arthropod Bites and Infestations
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Norwegian (Crusted) Scabies
- Canine Scabies
- Other Types of Scabies
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 689 Acne
- Acne Vulgaris
- Drug-Induced Acne
- Halogen Acne
- Chloracne
- Neonatal Acne
- Infantile Acne
- Mid-Childhood Acne
- Tropical Acne
- Acne Conglobata
- Acne Fulminans (Acute Febrile Ulcerative Acne)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 690 Tumors of the Skin
- Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)
- Milium
- Fibrofolliculomas
- Pilar Cyst (Trichilemmal Cyst)
- Pilomatricoma (Pilomatrixoma)
- Trichoepithelioma
- Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts
- Steatocystoma Multiplex
- Syringoma
- Infantile Digital Fibroma
- Dermatofibroma (Histiocytoma)
- Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
- Lipoma
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, Gorlin Syndrome)
- Melanoma
- Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type Iib)
- Bibliography
- Chapter 691 Nutritional Dermatoses
- Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
- Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
- Kwashiorkor
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Pellagra
- Scurvy (Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid Deficiency)
- Vitamin a Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Section 1 Orthopedic Problems
- Chapter 692 Growth and Development
- In Utero Positioning
- Growth and Development
- Centers of Ossification
- Gait/Functional Maturation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 693 Orthopedic Evaluation of the Child
- History
- Physical Examination
- Limping
- Back Pain
- Neurologic Evaluation
- Radiographic Assessment
- Laboratory Studies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 694 The Foot and Toes
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Juvenile Hallux Valgus (Bunion)
- Curly Toes
- Overlapping 5Th Toe
- Polydactyly
- Syndactyly
- Hammer Toe
- Mallet Toe
- Claw Toe
- Annular Bands
- Macrodactyly
- Subungual Exostosis
- Ingrown Toenail
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 695 Torsional and Angular Deformities of the Limb
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Foot Progression Angle
- Femoral Anteversion
- Tibial Rotation
- Foot Shape and Position
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Femoral Anteversion
- Medial Tibial Torsion
- External Femoral Torsion
- Lateral Tibial Torsion
- Metatarsus Adductus
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Genu Varum
- Tibia Vara
- Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees)
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Posteromedial Tibial Bowing
- Anteromedial Tibial Bowing (Postaxial Hemimelia)
- Anterolateral Tibial Bowing
- Tibial Longitudinal Deficiency
- Bibliography
- Chapter 696 Leg-Length Discrepancy
- Diagnosis and Clinical Findings
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 697 The Knee
- Normal Development of the Knee
- Anatomy and Range of Motion
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 698 The Hip
- Growth and Development
- Vascular Supply
- Keywords
- Classification
- Etiology and Risk Factors
- Epidemiology
- Pathoanatomy
- Clinical Findings
- Diagnostic Testing
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Classification
- Natural History and Prognosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Classification
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Studies
- Treatment
- Complications
- Bibliography
- Chapter 699 The Spine
- Normal Spinal Curvatures
- Keywords
- Definition
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Classification of Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Clinical Presentation of Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Physical Examination of Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Radiographic Evaluation of Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Natural History of Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Definition
- Etiology
- Associated Conditions
- Classification of Congenital Scoliosis
- Natural History of Congenital Scoliosis
- Treatment of Congenital Scoliosis
- Special Circumstance: Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Neuromuscular Scoliosis
- Syndromes and Genetic Disorders
- Compensatory Scoliosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Flexible Kyphosis (Postural Kyphosis)
- Structural Kyphosis
- Congenital Kyphosis
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Evaluation
- Medical Decision Making
- Radiographic and Laboratory Evaluation
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Physical Exam
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Apophysis
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 700 The Neck
- Keywords
- Congenital Muscular Torticollis
- Other Causes of Torticollis
- Atlantoaxial Rotatory Displacement
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Etiology and Classification
- Clinical Presentation
- Physical Examination
- Radiologic Investigation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- OS Odontoideum
- Bibliography
- Chapter 701 The Upper Limb
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Wrist
- Hand
- Bibliography
- Chapter 702 Arthrogryposis
- Etiology
- Classification
- Management of Orthopedic Problems of Arthrogryposis
- Foot Problems
- Knee Problems
- Hip Problems
- Upper-Extremity Problems
- Bibliography
- Chapter 703 Common Fractures
- Keywords
- Fracture Remodeling
- Overgrowth
- Progressive Deformity
- Rapid Healing
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Plastic Deformation
- Buckle or Torus Fracture
- Greenstick Fracture
- Complete Fractures
- Epiphyseal Fractures
- Child Abuse
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Phalangeal Fractures
- Forearm Fractures
- Distal Humeral Fractures
- Proximal Humerus Fractures
- Clavicular Fractures
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Hip Fracture
- Femoral Shaft Fractures
- Proximal Tibia Fractures
- Tibia and Fibula Shaft Fractures
- Toddler Fracture
- Triplane and Tillaux Fractures
- Metatarsal Fractures
- Toe Phalangeal Fractures
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Surgical Techniques
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Complications Resulting From Injury
- Complications of Treatment
- Late Complications of Trauma
- Chapter 704 Osteomyelitis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 705 Septic Arthritis
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 692 Growth and Development
- Chapter 706 Epidemiology and Prevention of Injuries
- Preparticipation Sports Examination
- Bibliography
- Chapter 707 Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
- Mechanism of Injury
- Initial Evaluation of the Injured Extremity
- Transition From Immediate Management to Return to Play
- Imaging
- Differential Diagnoses of Musculoskeletal Pain
- Bibliography
- Clavicle Fractures
- Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
- Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation
- Rotator Cuff Injury
- Bibliography
- Acute Injuries
- Bibliography
- Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis, and Facet Syndrome
- Lumbar Disk Herniation, Strain, and Contusion
- Other Causes
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Initial Treatment of Acute Knee Injuries
- Chronic Injuries
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Examination and Injury Grading Scale
- Radiographs
- Initial Treatment of Ankle Sprains
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 708 Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Assessment of the Injured Player
- Management and Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 709 Cervical Spine Injuries
- Soft Tissue Injury
- Spear Tackler's Spine
- Cervical Fractures
- Stingers (Burners)
- Transient Quadriparesis
- Congenital Spinal Stenosis
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Bibliography
- Chapter 710 Heat Injuries
- Bibliography
- Chapter 711 Female Athletes
- Bibliography
- Chapter 712 Performance-Enhancing Aids
- Bibliography
- Chapter 713 Specific Sports and Associated Injuries
- Sports Participation, Early Specialization, Injury Risk and Burnout
- Football
- Baseball/Softball
- Basketball/Volleyball
- Tennis
- Lacrosse
- Swimming/Diving
- Soccer
- Ice Hockey
- Field Hockey
- Skiing and Snowboarding
- Skateboarding
- Cycling and Motocross
- Wrestling
- Running
- Cheerleading
- Gymnastics
- Dance
- Adaptive Sports
- Bibliography
- Chapter 714 General Considerations in Skeletal Dysplasias
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Molecular Genetics
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 715 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
- Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias/Type 2 Collagenopathies
- Kniest Dysplasia
- Late-Onset Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
- Aggrecan-Related Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias
- Stickler Syndrome/Dysplasia (Hereditary Osteoarthroophthalmopathy)
- Schmid Metaphyseal Dysplasia
- Pseudoachondroplasia and Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 716 Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors
- Achondroplasia Group
- Jansen Metaphyseal Dysplasia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 717 Disorders Involving Ion Transporters
- Autosomal Recessive Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 718 Disorders Involving Transcription Factors
- Campomelic Dysplasia
- Cleidocranial Dysplasia
- Nail-Patella Syndrome
- Bibliography
- Chapter 719 Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption
- Osteopetrosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Pyknodysostosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 720 Other Inherited Disorders of Skeletal Development
- Ellis–Van Creveld Syndrome
- Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (See Also Chapter 445.3)
- Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndromes
- Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia–Anauxetic Spectrum Disorders
- Metatropic Dysplasia
- Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia, Kozlowski Type
- Disorders Involving Filamins
- Juvenile Osteochondroses
- Caffey Disease (Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis)
- Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
- Bibliography
- Chapter 721 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Other Genes for Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Laboratory Findings
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Genetic Counseling
- Bibliography
- Chapter 722 Marfan Syndrome
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Laboratory Findings
- Management
- Current Therapies
- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
- Prognosis
- Genetic Counseling
- Bibliography
- Chapter 723 Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 724 Hypophosphatasia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 725 Hyperphosphatasia
- Bibliography
- Chapter 726 Osteoporosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 727 Evaluation of the Child for Rehabilitative Services
- Child Characteristics
- Family Characteristics
- The Physical Environment
- The Previously Healthy Child
- Chapter 728 Rehabilitation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
- Pathophysiology
- Severity
- Medical Complications
- Spasticity
- Bibliography
- Chapter 729 Spinal Cord Injury and Autonomic Dysreflexia Management
- Clinical Manifestations
- Prognosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 730 Spasticity
- Oral Medications
- Surgical Management
- Bibliography
- Chapter 731 Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
- Physical Examination
- Evaluation
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 732 Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)
- Etiology
- Prevention
- Prenatal Screening
- Clinical Implications
- Adolescence and Transition to Adulthood
- Bibliography
- Chapter 733 Ambulation Assistance
- Orthoses
- Prostheses
- Assistive Mobility Devices
- Wheelchair
- Bibliography
- Chapter 734 Health and Wellness for Children With Disabilities
- Health Promotion Definitions and Background for Disability
- Anticipatory Guidance, Counseling, and Preventive Care
- Physical Activity and Exercise
- Nutrition and Obesity
- Emotional Health and Leisure Activities
- Dental Care
- Role of Healthcare Providers
- Keywords
- Preparation
- Community Resources
- Subacute Care
- Emergency and Acute Care
- Quality of Life
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 735 Overview of Environmental Health and Children
- Global Climate Change
- Localized Environmental Hazards
- Toxins Versus Toxicants
- Mycotoxins
- Food-Borne Diseases Caused by Environmental Exposures
- Bibliography
- Chapter 736 Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Children
- Basic Principles
- Biologic Effects of Radiation
- Radiation Exposure in Diagnostic Imaging of Children
- Decreasing Unnecessary Diagnostic Radiation in Children While Still Obtaining Diagnostic Images
- Radiation Therapy—Acute and Late Effects
- Whole-Body Irradiation
- Internal Contamination
- External Contamination
- Bibliography
- Chapter 737 Chemical Pollutants
- Synthetic Chemicals and Human Health
- Children's Unique Susceptibility to Synthetic Chemicals
- Safety Testing of Synthetic Chemicals
- Synthetic Chemicals and Disease in Children
- Chemical Pollutants of Major Concern
- Health Hazards of Unconventional Natural Gas Development (Fracking)
- The Physician's Role
- Keywords
- Composition of Second-Hand Smoke and Toxicities
- Tobacco Use and Exposure Is A Health Risk Disparity
- Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy
- Postnatal Second-Hand Smoke Exposure—Effects on the Child
- Treatment for Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure
- Bibliography
- Bibliography
- Chapter 738 Heavy Metal Intoxication
- Arsenic
- Mercury
- Treatment of Arsenic and Mercury Intoxication
- Bibliography
- Chapter 739 Lead Poisoning
- Public Health History
- Sources of Exposure
- Metabolism
- Clinical Effects
- Clinical Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 740 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning
- Keywords
- Gastrointestinal: Delayed Onset
- Renal: Delayed Onset
- Autonomic Nervous System: Rapid Onset
- Central Nervous System: Rapid Onset
- Gastrointestinal: Rapid Onset
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
- Scombroid (Pseudoallergic) Fish Poisoning
- Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
- Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
- Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning
- Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning
- Pufferfish Poisoning
- Azaspiracid Poisoning
- Bibliography
- Keywords
- Bibliography
- Chapter 741 Biologic and Chemical Terrorism*
- Etiology
- Epidemiology and Pediatric-Specific Concerns
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 742 Mass Psychogenic Illness
- Clinical Features and Diagnosis
- Treatment Strategies
- Bibliography
- Chapter 743 Animal and Human Bites
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Bibliography
- Chapter 744 Rat Bite Fever
- Etiology
- Clinical Course
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 745 Monkeypox
- Etiology
- Clinical Course
- Treatment
- Bibliography
- Chapter 746 Envenomations
- General Approach to the Envenomated Child
- Snake Bites
- Spider Bites
- Scorpion Stings
- Hymenoptera Stings
- Marine Envenomation
- Bibliography
- Chapter 747 Laboratory Testing in Infants and Children
- Accuracy and Precision of Laboratory Tests
- Sensitivity, Accuracy, and Analytic Testing
- Predictive Value of Laboratory Tests
- Neonatal Screening Tests
- Testing in Refining a Differential Diagnosis
- Bibliography
- Chapter 748 Reference Intervals for Laboratory Tests and Procedures
- Bibliography (for Table 748.5)
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- Gerð : 208
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- Útgáfuár : 2015
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