Blueprints Medicine

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TAN409G Almenn lyflæknisfræði

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Now fully revised and updated, this best-selling Blueprints title is an ideal resource for the internal medicine clerkship, USMLE review, and as a rapid reference in day-to-day patient care. Chapters are consistently organized to provide high-yield content on major disorders, including epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, history, physical examination, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Practical and concise, it includes student-friendly features such as bolded key words, useful tables and figures, and popular Key Points boxes with must-know clinical information.

Blueprints Medicine provides a concise review of what students need to know in their rotations or for the boards, and follows the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine guidelines. The 6th Edition has been thoroughly updated to include new clinical guidelines and therapeutic recommendations, as well as new tables and figures. Students can assess their knowledge with a question-and-answer section at the end of the book that includes 100 board-format questions with complete rationales for each answer, as well as 50 additional questions online.

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Höfundur: Vincent Young
Útgáfa:6
Útgáfudagur: 09/2015
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Format:ePub
ISBN 13: 9781496321039
Print ISBN: 9781469864150
ISBN 10: 1496321030

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Efnisyfirlit

Front Matter
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
Part 1: Cardiovascular
- Chapter 1: Chest Pain
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 1-1: Electrocardiogram
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 2: Shock
  - TABLE 2-1: Characteristics of Shock Syndromes
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - CARDIOGENIC
    - HYPOVOLEMIC
    - DISTRIBUTIVE
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 3: Coronary Heart Disease and Chronic Angina
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
    - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
      - Figure 3-1
      - Figure 3-2
      - Figure 3-3
    - TREATMENT
    - PREVENTION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND DEATH FROM CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
    - ANTIANGINAL TREATMENT
    - REVASCULARIZATION
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 4: Acute Coronary Syndromes
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
    - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND RISK STRATIFICATION
    - Figure 4-1
  - TREATMENT
    - ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
    - THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
    - PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION
    - ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS
    - NON-ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 5: Heart Failure
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    - Figure 5-1
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 5-2
  - TREATMENT
    - ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
    - CHRONIC SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
      - TABLE 5-1: Standard Medications for HFrEF
    - ADVANCED HEART FAILURE
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 6: Bradyarrhythmias
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 6-1
    - Figure 6-2
    - Figure 6-3
    - Figure 6-4
  - TREATMENT
    - Figure 6-5
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 7: Tachyarrhythmias
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
    - Figure 7-1
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - TABLE 7-1: Common Tachyarrhythmias by Category
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 7-2
    - ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
      - Figure 7-3
    - REGULAR NARROW COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA
      - Figure 7-4
    - IRREGULAR NARROW COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA
    - WIDE COMPLEX TACHYCARDIA
      - Figure 7-5
      - Figure 7-6
    - OTHER LABORATORY STUDIES
  - TREATMENT: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
  - TREATMENT: SPECIFIC ARRHYTHMIAS
    - ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
    - ATRIAL FLUTTER
    - MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA
    - SUPRAVENTRICULAR REENTRANT TACHYCARDIAS
    - VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
    - TORSADE DE POINTES
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 8: Hypertension
  - DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION
    - TABLE 8-1: Staging of Hypertension
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT: GOALS
  - TREATMENT: NONPHARMACOLOGIC
  - TREATMENT: PHARMACOLOGIC
    - TABLE 8-2: First-Line Antihypertensive Medications
    - TABLE 8-3: Other Antihypertensive Medications
  - TREATMENT: URGENT CONDITIONS
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 9: Valvular Heart Disease
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
      - TABLE 9-1: Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Valvular Lesions
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 9-1
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 10: Vascular Disease
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - ACUTE ARTERIAL OCCLUSION
    - AORTIC DISSECTION
      - Figure 10-1
    - AORTIC ANEURYSMS
    - PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 11: Syncope*
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - TABLE 11-1: Common Causes of Syncope
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
      - TABLE 11-2: Alternate Causes That May Mimic Syncope
      - TABLE 11-3: Historical Features of Syncope and Suggested Etiologies
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 11-4: Diagnostic Modalities in the Evaluation of Syncope
  - PROGNOSIS
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
Part 2: Respiratory
- Chapter 12: Dyspnea
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - ACUTE DYSPNEA
    - CHRONIC DYSPNEA
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
      - TABLE 12-1: Descriptors for Air Hunger Commonly Chosen by Patients from Lists
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 12-1
    - TABLE 12-2: Patterns of PFT Abnormalities
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 13: Cough
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 14: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
  - PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 14-1: Spirometric Classification of COPD Severity Based on Post-bronchodilator FEV1 in Patients with FEV1/FVC <0.70
  - TREATMENT
    - TREATMENT OF STABLE COPD
    - TREATMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF COPD
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 15: Asthma
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - Figure 15-1
    - Figure 15-2
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 16: Pulmonary Embolism
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 16-1: Modified Wells Criteria for the Clinical Assessment of PE
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 17: Interstitial Lung Disease
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
    - PNEUMOCONIOSES
    - HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
    - DRUGS
    - OTHER CAUSES (IDIOPATHIC)
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 17-1
    - Figure 17-2
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 18: Pleural Effusions
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 18-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 19: Lung Cancer
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 19-1
    - Figure 19-2
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
Part 3: Renal
- Chapter 20: Acid–Base Disturbances
  - Figure 20-1
  - Figure 20-2
  - PATHOGENESIS
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - CAUSES OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
    - CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
    - CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
    - CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 21: Fluid and Electrolytes
  - REGULATION OF SODIUM AND WATER
  - DISTURBANCES IN SODIUM AND WATER BALANCE
    - VOLUME DEPLETION
      - Clinical Manifestations
      - Treatment
    - HYPONATREMIA
      - Clinical Manifestations
      - Treatment
    - HYPERNATREMIA
      - Etiology
      - Clinical Manifestations
      - Treatment
  - DISORDERS OF POTASSIUM BALANCE
    - HYPOKALEMIA
    - HYPERKALEMIA
      - Figure 21-1
      - Treatment
        KEY POINTS
- Chapter 22: Acute Kidney Injury
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 22-1
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 23: Chronic Kidney Disease
  - TABLE 23-1: KDOQI Definitions
  - TABLE 23-2: Stages of CKD
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 24: Glomerular Disease
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 25: Nephrolithiasis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 25-1: Clinical Features of Kidney Stones
  - TREATMENT: ACUTE MANAGEMENT
  - TREATMENT: PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 26: Hematuria
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 26-1
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
Part 4: Infectious Disease
- Chapter 27: Fever and Rash
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - TABLE 27-1: Conditions Presenting with Fever and Rash
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 28: Pneumonia
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 28-1
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 28-1: Epidemiologic Conditions and Associated Pathogens
    - TABLE 28-2: Classification and Empirical Therapy for CAP
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 29: Sexually Transmitted Infections
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - TABLE 29-1: Clinical Syndromes Seen in STDs
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 29-2: Gram Stain Evaluation of Suspected Cases of PID or Urethritis
  - TREATMENT
  - SYPHILIS
    - Figure 29-1
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 30: Urinary Tract Infections
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 30-1
  - TREATMENT
    - WOMEN
    - MEN
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 31: Tuberculosis
  - PATHOGENESIS
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 31-1
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 31-1: Adverse Reactions to TB Drug Treatment
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 32: Gastroenteritis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 32-1: Causes of Gastroenteritis
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 33: Infective Endocarditis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CASE DEFINITION
  - ETIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 33-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 34: Meningitis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
    - TABLE 34-1: Common Etiologies of ABM in Adults
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 34-2: Comparison of Clinical Features: ABM and Acute Viral Meningitis
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 35: HIV Part I: Primary Care of the HIV-Infected Patient
  - Figure 35-1
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
    - Figure 35-2
  - CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND NATURAL HISTORY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 36: HIV Part II: Prophylaxis and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
  - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
    - TESTING
      - Figure 36-1
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 36-1: Treatment and Prophylaxis of Major Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Individuals
    - KEY POINTS
Part 5: Gastrointestinal
- Chapter 37: Abdominal Pain
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 37-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 38: Diarrhea
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 38-1: Rome III Diagnostic Criteria for IBS
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 39: Dyspepsia
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
      - Figure 39-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 40: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 40-1: Diagnosis and Treatment of IBD
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 41: Hepatitis
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    - TABLE 41-1: Features of Viral Hepatitis
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 41-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 42: Cirrhosis
  - ETIOLOGY
  - INHERITED DISORDERS
  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 42-1: SAAG Test for Cause of Ascites
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 42-2: Child–Pugh Score for Cirrhosis
    - THERAPEUTICS
      - Treatment of Ascites
      - Treatment of Esophageal Varices
      - Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - Portosystemic Shunts
      - Hepatocellular Cancer
        KEY POINTS
- Chapter 43: Cholestatic Liver Disease
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL EVALUATION
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - INTRAHEPATIC OBSTRUCTION
    - EXTRAHEPATIC OBSTRUCTION
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 44: Pancreatitis
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 44-1: Ranson Criteria for Pancreatitis
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 45: Colorectal Cancer
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 45-1
    - TABLE 45-1: Tests for Colorectal Neoplasms*
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 45-2: Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Screening
    - KEY POINTS
Part 6: Endocrine
- Chapter 46: Weight Loss
  - PATHOGENESIS
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 47: Hyperthyroidism
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 47-1
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 47-1: Antithyroid Drugs
  - FOLLOW UP
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 48: Hypothyroidism
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 49: Diabetes Mellitus
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - DIETARY THERAPY
    - ORAL HYPOGLYCEMICS
    - INSULIN THERAPY
      - TABLE 49-1: Pharmacokinetic Properties of Insulin Preparations
    - OTHER INJECTABLE THERAPIES
    - APPROACH TO GLUCOSE CONTROL
  - COMPLICATIONS
    - DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
      - TABLE 49-2: Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
    - HYPEROSMOLAR NONKETOTIC COMA
    - HYPOGLYCEMIA
    - MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
    - MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 50: Hypercalcemia
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 50-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 51: Adrenal Insufficiency
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - ELECTROLYTES
    - ADDITIONAL LABORATORY FINDINGS
    - CORTISOL
    - COSYNTROPIN STIMULATION TEST
  - TREATMENT
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 52: Cushing Syndrome
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 52-1
    - IMAGING STUDIES
  - TREATMENT
    - SURGICAL RESECTION
    - ADRENALECTOMY
    - MEDICAL THERAPY
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 53: Pituitary Disease
  - TABLE 53-1: Hormones and Their Major Functions
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - PITUITARY ADENOMAS
      - Figure 53-1
    - PANHYPOPITUITARISM
    - DIABETES INSIPIDUS
  - TREATMENT
    - PITUITARY ADENOMAS
    - PANHYPOPITUITARISM
    - DIABETES INSIPIDUS
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 54: Nutritional Disorders
  - TABLE 54-1: Classic Syndromes of Vitamin Deficiency or Excess
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
    - FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
      - Vitamin A
      - Vitamin D
      - Vitamin E
      - Vitamin K
    - WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
      - Thiamine (B1)
      - Pyridoxine (B6)
      - Niacin
      - Folate
      - Vitamin C
      - Other Water-Soluble Vitamins
    - TRACE ELEMENTS
      - Iron
      - Zinc
      - Copper
      - Therapeutic Use
        KEY POINTS
- Chapter 55: Dyslipidemia
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
  - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
      - TABLE 55-1: Examples of CV Risk Using Different Calculators
  - TREATMENT
    - DIETARY TREATMENT
    - SECONDARY PREVENTION WITH STATINS
      - TABLE 55-2: Expected Effect of Statin on LDL Level
    - PRIMARY PREVENTION WITH STATINS
    - MEDICATIONS
      - TABLE 55-3: Drug Effects on Lipid Profiles and Side Effects
    - TREATMENT OF ISOLATED HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
      - KEY POINTS
Part 7: Rheumatology
- Chapter 56: Acute Monoarticular Arthritis
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 56-1: General Guidelines for Interpreting Leukocyte Count
  - TREATMENT
    - INFECTION
    - CRYSTALLINE DISEASE
    - TRAUMATIC CAUSES
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 57: Low Back Pain
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
      - TABLE 57-1: Findings of Herniated Disks
    - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 58: Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
  - PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
      - Figure 58-1
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 58-1: 2010 ACR-EULAR Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 59: Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
  - TABLE 59-1: Comparison of the Spondyloarthropathies
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 59-1
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 60: Connective Tissue Diseases
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
      - TABLE 60-1: Features of the Connective Tissue Diseases
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 60-2: Autoantibodies in Connective Tissue Diseases
  - TREATMENT
    - SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
    - SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
    - POLYMYOSITIS/DERMATOMYOSITIS
    - SJÖGREN SYNDROME
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 61: Vasculitis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 61-1: Biopsy Results in the Vasculitides
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 62: Amyloidosis
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY
    - PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - TABLE 62-1: Organ Involvement in Amyloidosis
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
      - Figure 62-1
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
Part 8: Hematology/Oncology
- Chapter 63: Anemia
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    - Figure 63-1
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 63-1: Peripheral Smear Findings
    - Figure 63-2
    - Figure 63-3
    - Figure 63-4
    - Figure 63-5
    - Figure 63-6
    - MICROCYTIC ANEMIA
      - TABLE 63-2: Common Patterns in Microcytic Anemias
    - MACROCYTIC ANEMIA
    - NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA
    - IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
    - B12 DEFICIENCY
    - BONE MARROW BIOPSY
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 64: Hemolytic Anemia
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL FINDINGS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
    - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
      - Figure 64-1
    - FURTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 65: Adenopathy
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 66: Bleeding Disorders
  - Figure 66-1
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - TABLE 66-1: Laboratory Features in Bleeding Disorders
    - THROMBOCYTOPENIA
  - TREATMENT
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 67: Breast Cancer
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 67-1
  - STAGING OF BREAST CANCER
  - TREATMENT
    - ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR EARLY STAGE BREAST CARCINOMA
      - TABLE 67-1: Adjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer
      - TABLE 67-2: Medications Used in Breast Cancer
    - METASTATIC BREAST CANCER
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 68: Prostate Cancer
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
    - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - STAGING
  - TREATMENT
    - ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE
    - SURGICAL THERAPY
    - RADIATION THERAPY
    - HORMONAL THERAPY
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 69: Leukemia
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
    - CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
    - CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 70: Lymphoma
  - TABLE 70-1: Classification of Lymphomas
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 70-1
  - TREATMENT
    - TABLE 70-2: Prognostic Factors for the Lymphomas
    - FOLLOW UP
      - KEY POINTS
Part 9: Neurology
- Chapter 71: Headache
  - TABLE 71-1: Secondary Causes of Headache
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL PRESENTATION
    - HISTORY
      - TABLE 71-2: Characteristics and Treatment of Primary Headache Syndromes
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - MIGRAINE HEADACHES
    - TENSION TYPE HEADACHES
    - CLUSTER HEADACHES
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 72: Delirium
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
  - PROGNOSIS
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 73: Dizziness
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
      - Figure 73-1
  - DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
    - Figure 73-2
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 74: Dementia
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
    - TABLE 74-1: Characteristics of Common Dementia Syndromes
    - Figure 74-1
  - RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
  - CONTINUED CARE AND PROGNOSIS
    - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 75: Stroke
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - PATHOGENESIS AND RISK FACTORS
    - Figure 75-1
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - HISTORY
      - TABLE 75-1: Characteristics of Common Stroke Syndromes
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
    - Figure 75-2
    - Figure 75-3
  - TREATMENT
    - THROMBOLYSIS
    - CONTINUED CARE
      - KEY POINTS
- Chapter 76: Seizures
  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND RISK FACTORS
  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    - TABLE 76-1: Classification of Seizures
    - HISTORY
    - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
  - TREATMENT
  - PROGNOSIS
  - CONTINUED CARE
    - KEY POINTS
Back Matter
- Q: Questions
- A: Answers
- Index
  - Plate 1
  - Plate 2
  - Plate 3
  - Plate 4
  - Plate 5
  - Plate 6
  - Plate 7
  - Plate 8
  - Plate 9
  - Plate 10
  - Plate 11
  - Plate 12
  - Plate 13
  - Plate 14
  - Plate 15
  - Plate 16
  - Plate 17
  - Plate 18
  - Plate 19
  - Plate 20
  - Plate 21
  - Plate 22
  - Plate 23
  - Plate 24
  - Plate 25
  - Plate 26
  UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS
  Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!
  
  Rafbók til eignar
  Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.
  
  Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
  Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
  
  Auðvelt að fletta og leita
  Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
  
  Glósur og yfirstrikanir
  Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
  
  Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
  Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
  
  Fleiri góðir kostir
  - Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
  - Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
  - Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
  - Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu

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