Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Video Table of Contents
• Preface to the Third Edition
  • The eBook
  • Acknowledgments
• Preface to the First Edition
  • Target Audience
  • Content of the Textbook
  • Emphasis of the Textbook
  • Creating the Textbook
  • Special Features
  • Acknowledgments
• Section I Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Foundations of Physiology
    • References
• Section II Physiology of Cells and Molecules
  • Chapter 2 Functional Organization of the Cell
    • Structure of Biological Membranes
    • Function of Membrane Proteins
    • Cellular Organelles and the Cytoskeleton
    • Synthesis and Recycling of Membrane Proteins
    • Specialized Cell Types
    • References
  • Chapter 3 Signal Transduction
    • Mechanisms of Cellular Communication
    • Receptors That are Ion Channels
    • Receptors Coupled to G Proteins
    • Receptors That are Catalytic
    • Nuclear Receptors
    • References
  • Chapter 4 Regulation of Gene Expression
    • From Genes to Proteins
    • The Promoter and Regulatory Elements
    • Transcription Factors
    • Regulation of Inducible Gene Expression by Signal-Transduction Pathways
    • Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
    • Post-Translational Regulation of Gene Expression
    • References
    • Glossary
  • Chapter 5 Transport of Solutes and Water
    • The Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids
    • Solute Transport Across Cell Membranes
    • Regulation of Intracellular Ion Concentrations
    • Water Transport and the Regulation of Cell Volume
    • Transport of Solutes and Water Across Epithelia
    • References
  • Chapter 6 Electrophysiology of the Cell Membrane
    • Ionic Basis of Membrane Potentials
    • Electrical Model of a Cell Membrane
    • Molecular Physiology of Ion Channels
    • References
  • Chapter 7 Electrical Excitability and Action Potentials
    • Mechanisms of Nerve and Muscle Action Potentials
    • Physiology of Voltage-Gated Channels and Their Relatives
    • Propagation of Action Potentials
    • References
  • Chapter 8 Synaptic Transmission and the Neuromuscular Junction
    • Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
    • Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction
    • Toxins and Drugs Affecting Synaptic Transmission
    • References
  • Chapter 9 Cellular Physiology of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle
    • Skeletal Muscle
    • Cardiac Muscle
    • Smooth Muscle
    • Diversity among Muscles
    • References
• Section III The Nervous System
  • Chapter 10 Organization of the Nervous System
    • Cells of the Nervous System
    • Development of Neurons and Glial Cells
    • Subdivisions of the Nervous System
    • References
  • Chapter 11 The Neuronal Microenvironment
    • Cerebrospinal Fluid
    • Brain Extracellular Space
    • The Blood-Brain Barrier
    • Glial Cells
    • References
  • Chapter 12 Physiology of Neurons
    • Signal Conduction in Dendrites
    • Control of Spiking Patterns in the Soma
    • Axonal Conduction
    • References
  • Chapter 13 Synaptic Transmission in the Nervous System
    • Neuronal Synapses
    • Neurotransmitter Systems of the Brain
    • Fast Amino Acid–Mediated Synapses in the CNS
    • Plasticity of Central Synapses
    • References
  • Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System
    • Organization of the Visceral Control System
    • Synaptic Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System
    • Central Nervous System Control of the Viscera
    • References
  • Chapter 15 Sensory Transduction
    • Chemoreception
    • Visual Transduction
    • Vestibular and Auditory Transduction: Hair Cells
    • Somatic Sensory Receptors, Proprioception, and Pain
    • References
  • Chapter 16 Circuits of the Central Nervous System
    • Elements of Neural Circuits
    • Simple, Stereotyped Responses: Spinal Reflex Circuits
    • Rhythmic Activity: Central Pattern Generators
    • Spatial Representations: Sensory and Motor Maps in the Brain
    • Temporal Representations: Time-Measuring Circuits
    • References
• Section IV The Cardiovascular System
  • Chapter 17 Organization of the Cardiovascular System
    • Elements of the Cardiovascular System
    • Hemodynamics
    • How Blood Flows
    • Origins of Pressure in the Circulation
    • How to Measure Blood Pressure, Blood Flow, and Cardiac Volumes
    • References
  • Chapter 18 Blood
    • Blood Composition
    • Blood Viscosity
    • Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis
    • References
  • Chapter 19 Arteries and Veins
    • Arterial Distribution and Venous Collection Systems
    • Elastic Properties of Blood Vessels
    • References
  • Chapter 20 The Microcirculation
    • Capillary Exchange of Solutes
    • Capillary Exchange of Water
    • Lymphatics
    • Regulation of the Microcirculation
    • References
  • Chapter 21 Cardiac Electrophysiology and the Electrocardiogram
    • Electrophysiology of Cardiac Cells
    • The Electrocardiogram
    • Cardiac Arrhythmias
    • References
  • Chapter 22 The Heart as a Pump
    • The Cardiac Cycle
    • Cardiac Dynamics
    • From Contractile Filaments to a Regulated Pump
    • References
  • Chapter 23 Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Cardiac Output
    • Short-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure
    • Regulation of Cardiac Output
    • Matching of Venous Return and Cardiac Output
    • Intermediate- and Long-Term Control of the Circulation
    • References
  • Chapter 24 Special Circulations
    • The Brain
    • The Heart
    • The Skeletal Muscle
    • The Splanchnic Organs
    • The Skin
    • References
  • Chapter 25 Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System
    • Interaction among the Different Cardiovascular Control Systems
    • Response to Erect Posture
    • Responses to Acute Emotional Stress
    • Response to Exercise
    • Response to Hemorrhage
    • References
• Section V The Respiratory System
  • Chapter 26 Organization of the Respiratory System
    • Comparative Physiology of Respiration
    • Organization of the Respiratory System in Humans
    • Lung Volumes and Capacities
    • References
  • Chapter 27 Mechanics of Ventilation
    • Static Properties of the Lung
    • Dynamic Properties of the Lung
    • References
  • Chapter 28 Acid-Base Physiology
    • pH and Buffers
    • Acid-Base Chemistry When Is the Only Buffer
    • Acid-Base Chemistry in the Presence of and Buffers—The Davenport Diagram
    • pH Regulation of Intracellular Fluid
    • References
  • Chapter 29 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
    • Carriage of O2
    • Carriage of CO2
    • References
  • Chapter 30 Gas Exchange in the Lungs
    • Diffusion of Gases
    • Diffusion and Perfusion Limitations on Gas Transport
    • References
  • Chapter 31 Ventilation and Perfusion of the Lungs
    • Ventilation
    • Perfusion of the Lung
    • Matching Ventilation and Perfusion
    • References
  • Chapter 32 Control of Ventilation
    • Overview of the Respiratory Control System
    • Neurons That Control Ventilation
    • Generation of the Respiratory Rhythm
    • Chemical Control of Ventilation
    • Modulation of Ventilatory Control
    • References
• Section VI The Urinary System
  • Chapter 33 Organization of the Urinary System
    • Functional Anatomy of the Kidney
    • Main Elements of Renal Function
    • Measuring Renal Clearance and Transport
    • The Ureters and Bladder
    • References
  • Chapter 34 Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow
    • Glomerular Filtration
    • Renal Blood Flow
    • Control of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
    • References
  • Chapter 35 Transport of Sodium and Chloride
    • Na+ and Cl− Transport by Different Segments of The Nephron
    • Na+ and Cl−, and Water Transport at the Cellular and Molecular Level
    • Regulation of Na+ and Cl− Transport
    • References
  • Chapter 36 Transport of Urea, Glucose, Phosphate, Calcium, Magnesium, and Organic Solutes
    • Urea
    • Glucose
    • Other Organic Solutes
    • Phosphate
    • Calcium
    • Magnesium
    • References
  • Chapter 37 Transport of Potassium
    • Potassium Balance and the Overall Renal Handling of Potassium
    • Potassium Transport by Different Segments of the Nephron
    • Potassium Transport at the Cellular and Molecular Levels
    • Regulation of Renal Potassium Excretion
    • References
  • Chapter 38 Urine Concentration and Dilution
    • Water Balance and the Overall Renal Handling of Water
    • Water Transport by Different Segments of the Nephron
    • Generation of a Hyperosmotic Medulla and Urine
    • Regulation by Arginine Vasopressin
    • References
  • Chapter 39 Transport of Acids and Bases
    • Acid-Base Balance and the Overall Renal Handling of Acid
    • Acid-Base Transport by Different Segments of the Nephron
    • Acid-Base Transport at the Cellular and Molecular Levels
    • Regulation of Renal Acid Secretion
    • References
  • Chapter 40 Integration of Salt and Water Balance
    • Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume
    • Control of Water Content (Extracellular Osmolality)
    • References
• Section VII The Gastrointestinal System
  • Chapter 41 Organization of the Gastrointestinal System
    • Overview of Digestive Processes
    • Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function
    • Gastrointestinal Motility
    • References
  • Chapter 42 Gastric Function
    • Functional Anatomy of the Stomach
    • Acid Secretion
    • Pepsinogen Secretion
    • Protection of the Gastric Surface Epithelium and Neutralization of Acid in the Duodenum
    • Filling and Emptying of the Stomach
    • References
  • Chapter 43 Pancreatic and Salivary Glands
    • Overview of Exocrine Gland Physiology
    • Pancreatic Acinar Cell
    • Pancreatic Duct Cell
    • Composition, Function, and Control of Pancreatic Secretion
    • Salivary Acinar Cell
    • Salivary Duct Cell
    • Composition, Function, and Control of Salivary Secretion
    • References
  • Chapter 44 Intestinal Fluid and Electrolyte Movement
    • Functional Anatomy
    • Overview of Fluid and Electrolyte Movement in the Intestines
    • Cellular Mechanisms of Na+ Absorption
    • Cellular Mechanisms of Cl− Absorption and Secretion
    • Cellular Mechanisms of K+ Absorption and Secretion
    • Regulation of Intestinal Ion Transport
    • References
  • Chapter 45 Nutrient Digestion and Absorption
    • Carbohydrate Digestion
    • Carbohydrate Absorption
    • Protein Digestion
    • Protein, Peptide, and Amino-Acid Absorption
    • Lipid Digestion
    • Lipid Absorption
    • Digestion and Absorption of Vitamins and Minerals
    • Nutritional Requirements
    • References
  • Chapter 46 Hepatobiliary Function
    • Overview of Liver Physiology
    • Functional Anatomy of the Liver and Biliary Tree
    • Uptake, Processing, and Secretion of Compounds by Hepatocytes
    • Bile Formation
    • Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids
    • The Liver as a Metabolic Organ
    • References
• Section VIII The Endocrine System
  • Chapter 47 Organization of Endocrine Control
    • Principles of Endocrine Function
    • Peptide Hormones
    • Amine Hormones
    • Steroid and Thyroid Hormones
    • References
  • Chapter 48 Endocrine Regulation of Growth and Body Mass
    • Growth Hormone
    • Growth-Promoting Hormones
    • Regulation of Body Mass
    • References
  • Chapter 49 The Thyroid Gland
    • Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones
    • Action of Thyroid Hormones
    • Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
    • References
  • Chapter 50 The Adrenal Gland
    • The Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol
    • The Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone
    • The Adrenal Medulla
    • References
  • Chapter 51 The Endocrine Pancreas
    • Insulin
    • Glucagon
    • Somatostatin
    • References
  • Chapter 52 The Parathyroid Glands and Vitamin D
    • Calcium and Phosphate Balance
    • Physiology of Bone
    • Parathyroid Hormone
    • Vitamin D
    • Calcitonin and Other Hormones
    • References
• Section IX The Reproductive System
  • Chapter 53 Sexual Differentiation
    • Genetic Aspects of Sexual Differentiation
    • Differentiation of the Gonads
    • Development of the Accessory Sex Organs
    • Differentiation of the External Genitalia
    • Endocrine and Paracrine Control of Sexual Differentiation
    • Puberty
    • References
  • Chapter 54 The Male Reproductive System
    • Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
    • Testosterone
    • Biology of Spermatogenesis and Semen
    • Male Sex Act
    • References
  • Chapter 55 The Female Reproductive System
    • Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Control of the Menstrual Cycle
    • Ovarian Steroids
    • The Ovarian Cycle: Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Formation of the Corpus Luteum
    • The Endometrial Cycle
    • Female Sex Act
    • Menopause
    • References
  • Chapter 56 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Lactation
    • Transport of Gametes and Fertilization
    • Implantation of the Developing Embryo
    • Physiology of the Placenta
    • The Maternal-Placental-Fetal Unit
    • Response of the Mother to Pregnancy
    • Parturition
    • Lactation
    • References
  • Chapter 57 Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
    • Biology of Fetal Growth
    • Development and Maturation of the Cardiopulmonary System
    • Cardiopulmonary Adjustments at Birth
    • Neonatal Physiology
    • References
• Section X Physiology of Everyday Life
  • Chapter 58 Metabolism
    • Forms of Energy
    • Energy Balance
    • Energy Interconversion From Cycling between 6-Carbon and 3-Carbon Molecules
    • Energy Capture (Anabolism)
    • Energy Liberation (Catabolism)
    • Integrative Metabolism During Fasting
    • References
  • Chapter 59 Regulation of Body Temperature
    • Heat and Temperature: Advantages of Homeothermy
    • Modes of Heat Transfer
    • Active Regulation of Body Temperature by the Central Nervous System
    • Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, and Fever
    • References
  • Chapter 60 Exercise Physiology and Sports Science
    • Motor Units and Muscle Function
    • Conversion of Chemical Energy to Mechanical Work
    • Muscle Fatigue
    • Determinants of Maximal O2 Uptake and Consumption
    • Sweating
    • Endurance (Aerobic) Training
    • References
  • Chapter 61 Environmental Physiology
    • The Environment
    • Diving Physiology
    • High-Altitude Physiology
    • Flight and Space Physiology
    • References
  • Chapter 62 The Physiology of Aging
    • Concepts in Aging
    • Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging
    • Aging of the Human Physiological Systems
    • Aging Slowly
    • References
• Index

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