Medical Ethics For Dummies
Höfundar: Jane Runzheimer, Linda Johnson Larsen
2.990 kr.
Lýsing:
A practical, insightful guide to the moral and ethical standards of healthcare Succeeding in the healthcare field means more than just making a diagnosis and writing a prescription. Healthcare professionals are responsible for convincing patients and their family members of the best course of action and treatments to follow, while knowing how to make the right moral and ethical choices, and so much more.
Unlike daunting and expensive texts, Medical Ethics For Dummies offers an accessible and affordable course supplement for anyone studying medical or biomedical ethics. • Follows typical medical and biomedical ethics courses • Covers real ethical dilemmas doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers may face • Includes moral issues surrounding stem cell research, genetic engineering, euthanasia, and more Packed with helpful information, Medical Ethics For Dummies arms aspiring medical professionals with the philosophical and practical foundation for advancing in a field where critical ethical and moral decisions need to be rapidly and convincingly made.
Annað
- Höfundar: Jane Runzheimer, Linda Johnson Larsen
- Útgáfa:1
- Útgáfudagur: 09-11-2010
- Hægt að prenta út 10 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 2 bls.
- Format:Page Fidelity
- ISBN 13: 9780470946466
- Print ISBN: 9780470878569
- ISBN 10: 0470946466
Efnisyfirlit
- Title
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- About This Book
- Where to Go from Here
- Icons Used in This Book
- How This Book Is Organized
- Part I: Medical Ethics, or Doing the Right Thing
- Part II: A Patient’s Right to Request, Receive, and Refuse Care
- Part III: Ethics at the Beginning and End of Life
- Part IV: Advancing Medical Knowledge with Ethical Clinical Research
- Part V: The Part of Tens
- Foolish Assumptions
- What You’re Not to Read
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Part I: Medical Ethics, or Doing the Right Thing
- Chapter 1: What Are Medical Ethics?
- Defining Medical Ethics
- What are ethics?
- The four principles of medical ethics
- Differences between ethics and legality
- Reconciling medical ethics and patient care
- Turning to ethical guideposts and guidelines
- Looking at the Common Medical Ethics Issues
- Privacy and confidentiality concerns
- Reproduction and beginning-of-life issues
- End-of-life issues
- Access to care
- Moving Medicine Forward: The Ethics of Research
- Defining Medical Ethics
- Chapter 2: Morality in Medicine
- Distinguishing among Ethics, Morality, and Law
- Looking at the Hippocratic Oath and Its Modern Descendents
- Noting why the Oath was updated
- Taking a new oath at graduation
- Understanding humanitarian goals: The Declaration of Geneva
- Rules for Engagement: Today’s Codes of Medical Ethics
- American Medical Association Code of Ethics
- American Nursing Association Code of Ethics
- Bedside Manners: Ethics inside the Hospital
- Understanding the hospital ethics panel
- Patient bill of rights
- Emergency room ethics
- Bioethics as a Field of Study
- Chapter 3: The Provider-Patient Relationship
- Protecting Patient Privacy
- Understanding confidentiality
- Balancing privacy with public good
- Confidentiality in research
- Clear and Ethical Communications
- Communicating with the patient
- Informed consent
- Understanding Full Disclosure: Telling the Patient What Matters
- Decoding conflicts of interest
- Deciding who has access to medical information
- Choosing not to disclose information to a patient
- Understanding Appropriate Referrals
- Considering second opinions
- Discovering the need for specialist referrals
- Choosing Whom to Serve
- Refusing to treat a patient
- Ending a doctor-patient relationship
- Giving medical advice to non-patients
- Patient Rights and Obligations
- Patient autonomy: Patient as decision-maker
- Encouraging honesty
- Balancing treatment and cost
- Protecting Patient Privacy
- Chapter 1: What Are Medical Ethics?
- Chapter 4: Outside the Examining Room: Running an Ethical Practice
- Propriety in the Paperwork: Medical Records
- Complying with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
- Training staff to handle records
- Preventing identity theft
- Releasing medical records
- Safeguarding anonymity
- Modern Managed Care and Today’s Office Practice
- Ethical concerns of managed care
- Working with midlevel providers
- Prescribing good care while still getting paid
- Third-Party Issues
- Dealing with insurance companies and HMOs
- Perks and freebies
- Targeted advertising and ethics
- Propriety in the Paperwork: Medical Records
- Types of Medical Errors and Ways to Prevent Them
- Understanding diagnostic errors
- Understanding treatment errors
- Medication errors
- Communication errors
- Administrative errors
- Lab errors
- Equipment failures
- Admitting Your Mistakes
- Understanding truth telling
- Disclosing an error to a patient
- Balancing ethics with legal protection
- Telling a higher-up that you’ve made an error
- When Colleagues Don’t Disclose: Your Ethical Obligations
- Healthcare Provider Impairment
- Knowing the warning signs of impairment
- Addressing a colleague’s impairment
- Testifying before a medical board
- How Reporting Errors Helps Medicine as a Whole
- Creating a no-blame system for reporting errors
- Understanding how to reduce errors
- Chapter 6: The Ethical Challenges in Distributing Basic Healthcare
- Ethics of Healthcare Distribution
- Exploring Healthcare Rationing
- How services are rationed
- The ethics of rationing
- Looking at Healthcare in the United States
- The current system and its ethical challenges
- The reformed system and potential ethical speed bumps
- Examining universal healthcare
- Accommodating Religious Beliefs
- Religions that limit or ban medical care
- Discussing religion and understanding objections
- Offering alternatives to care
- Respecting Cultural Diversity
- Attitudes and beliefs that affect care
- Communicating with non-English-speaking patients
- Discussing cultural beliefs
- When the Patient Refuses Treatment
- Determining competency
- Making sure the patient understands
- Validating concerns and assuaging fears
- Accepting refusals
- Acknowledging Parental Rights to Choose or Refuse Care
- Responsibilities of a parent
- Weighing parental choice against a child’s best interest
- Caring for a child when parents disagree with you
- Knowing when and how to treat impaired infants
- Vaccination: The Evidence and the Ethics
- Understanding vaccination as a public health issue
- Considering risk-benefit analysis
- Understanding full disclosure
- Addressing parent opposition to vaccines
- Child Endangerment: The Healthcare Provider’s Role
- Discovering signs of abuse and neglect
- Reporting abuse and workingwith Child Protective Services
- Confidentiality, Care, and the Adolescent Patient
- Understanding adolescent patients’ rights
- Balancing privacy and patient’s rights
- Talking to teens about informed consent
- Mature minors and emancipated minors
- Chapter 9: Two Lives, One Patient: Pregnancy Rights and Issues
- Medical Intervention: Rights of the Mother versus Rights of the Fetus
- Setting forth rights with the Fourteenth Amendment
- Understanding self-determination
- Balancing treatments for a woman and fetus
- The role of technology
- Considering a Father’s Rights
- Birth Control
- Educating your patient about birth control
- Balancing your beliefs about birthcontrol with a patient’s rights
- Understanding religious ethics and birth control
- Fetal Abuse
- Maternal drug abuse or neglect: Crimes against the fetus
- Detecting fetal abuse: Ethical and legal obligations
- Limiting maternal freedom for fetal well-being
- Seeing into the Future: Prenatal and Genetic Testing
- Understanding the ethical use of prenatal testing
- Understanding tests and accuracy issues
- Genetic counseling and sharing results with parents
- Medical Intervention: Rights of the Mother versus Rights of the Fetus
- In Vitro Fertilization
- Understanding acceptableversus unacceptable harm
- Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis: Choosing which embryos to implant
- Multiple pregnancy reduction: When IVF works too well
- Decoding embryo storage and destruction
- Artificial Insemination
- Understanding safe, anonymous,and consensual sperm donation
- Sex selection: Is it ever ethical?
- Surrogacy: Carrying Someone Else’s Child
- Paying for pregnancy: The ethics of commercial surrogacy
- Considering the emotional and physical health of the surrogate
- Looking at the contract and surrogate responsibilities
- Understanding rights of the child
- The doctor’s responsibilities
- Sterilization: Preventing Reproduction
- Voluntary sterilization as birth control
- The ethics of involuntary birth control
- Understanding eugenics: Social engineering
- When Does Personhood Begin?
- What, and who, is a person?
- Applying ethical principles to personhood
- Looking at Each Side’s Point of View
- Understanding the pro-life stance
- Understanding the pro-choice stance
- Therapeutic Abortion: To Protect Maternal Health and Life
- Reasons for therapeutic abortion
- Informing the patient
- Counseling for the family
- When a patient refuses medical advice
- Abortion Due to Fetal Defect
- Reasons for abortion because of fetal defect
- Weighing the ethics of selective abortion
- Voluntary Abortion
- Legal definition and limitations
- A less invasive option: RU-486
- Roe v Wade: Legal Status of Abortion and Ethical Implications
- Looking at changes on the state level
- Accurate medical counseling
- The Religious Divide
- Toward Common Ground
- Defining Death
- Using heart and lung function to define death
- Adding brain function to the definition of death
- Examining Brain Death
- A quick look at how the brain works
- Looking at the types of brain death
- Current standards of brain death
- Declaring a patient brain dead
- Understanding Cases That Defined Brain Death
- Karen Ann Quinlan
- Nancy Cruzan
- Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment
- Weighing the benefits of further treatment
- Counseling the family
- Examining Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
- Relieving suffering with mercy-killing
- Understanding the history of physician-assisted suicide
- When a doctor aids in death
- Roadmaps for the End of Life
- Understanding advance directives
- Looking at living wills
- Looking at Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
- Do Not Resuscitate and Do Not Intubate orders
- Physician’s Order for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST)
- Of Sound Mind: Establishing Mental Capacity
- Understanding informed consent and a patient’s ability to give it
- Assessing decision-making capacity
- Substitute decision-makers: When a patient is declared incompetent
- Relief of Pain and Suffering
- Understanding palliative care
- Walking a fine line: The double-effect rule
- Easing pain with terminal sedation
- Organ Donation and Allocation for Transplants
- Legality of organ donation
- Sustaining life for organ harvesting
- Looking at living donation
- The financial inequities of transplant eligibility
- Compensation for donation: The ethical challenges
- Xenotransplantation, or animal to human transplant
- Chapter 14: Toward Trials without Error: The Evolution of Ethics in Clinical Research
- An Introduction to Medical Research
- Moving from lab experimentsto research on humans
- Understanding the importance ofinformed consent in clinical trials
- Turning Points in MedicalResearch in America
- The Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Theethics of withholding treatment
- The establishment of the Office for HumanResearch Protections and IRBs
- Guiding Principles of Ethical Studies
- The Nuremberg Code: New researchstandards in the wake of World War II
- The Declaration of Helsinki: A globalroadmap for ethical clinical research
- Good Clinical Practice Guidelines:Replacing the Declaration of Helsinki
- The Belmont Report: Best ethicalpractices in U.S. research
- An Introduction to Medical Research
- Elements of a Valid Trial: Leveling the Playing Field Ethically
- Collective clinical equipoise: Asking whether a trial is needed
- Understanding basic trial design
- Choosing ethical controls
- Preventing bias with blind studies and randomization
- Minimizing any risk of harm
- The Institutional Review Board: Ethical Gatekeepers of Clinical Research
- Looking at the role of the IRB
- Evaluating and green-lighting a clinical trial
- Recruiting Study Participants
- Deciding to ask patients to participate
- Laying out all the risks and benefits with informed consent
- Full disclosure: Explaining financial and institutional conflicts of interest
- Ending a Trial Early
- Remembering obligations to patients
- Looking at implications for research
- Publicizing preliminary results
- Animal Research
- Understanding why animals are used
- Ethical treatment of research animals
- Psychiatric Research and Consent
- Assessing decision-making ability in psychiatric patients
- Protecting the patient: Risk versus benefit
- Pregnancy and Pediatrics
- Understanding research with pregnant women
- Why risk may outweigh the benefits
- Research on children: Surrogate consent
- Understanding Stem Cell Research
- Who will benefit? The case for stem cell research
- The ethical debate over embryonic stem cell lines
- Focusing on adult stem cells
- Genetic Testing: Looking for Problems in DNA
- Knowing what we can and can’t change
- Weighing the risks and benefits
- Offering emotional counseling for patients
- Genome Sequencing: Mapping DNA
- Gene patents: Deciding who owns what
- Looking at ethical problems with patents
- Deciding who can use the human genome
- Gene Therapy: Changing the Code
- Weighing the risks and benefits of gene therapy
- Designer genes: Going beyond therapy
- Cloning: Making Copies
- Cloning as a reproductive option
- Growing tissues with therapeutic cloning
- Chapter 18: Ten Ethical Issues to Address with Your Patients
- Chapter 19: Ten High-Profile Medical Ethics Cases
- Chapter 20: Almost Ten Ethical Issues for the Future
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- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 10858
- Útgáfuár : 2010
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